• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1228-1238
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• 2003

This paper presents a new and practical method based on computer vision for detecting the monitor position where the user is looking. In general, the user tends to move both his face and eyes in order to gaze at certain monitor position. Previous researches use only one wide view camera, which can capture a whole user's face. In such a case, the image resolution is too low and the fine movements of user's eye cannot be exactly detected. So, we implement the gaze detection system with dual camera systems(a wide and a narrow view camera). In order to locate the user's eye position accurately, the narrow view camera has the functionalities of auto focusing and auto panning/tilting based on the detected 3D facial feature positions from the wide view camera. In addition, we use dual R-LED illuminators in order to detect facial features and especially eye features. As experimental results, we can implement the real-time gaze detection system and the gaze position accuracy between the computed positions and the real ones is about 3.44 cm of RMS error.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.91-104
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• 2019

In this paper, we present a novel local descriptor, Local Prominent Directional Pattern (LPDP), to represent the description of facial images for gender recognition purpose. To achieve a clearly discriminative representation of local shape, presented method encodes a target pixel with the prominent directional variations in local structure from an analysis of statistics encompassed in the histogram of such directional variations. Use of the statistical information comes from the observation that a local neighboring region, having an edge going through it, demonstrate similar gradient directions, and hence, the prominent accumulations, accumulated from such gradient directions provide a solid base to represent the shape of that local structure. Unlike the sole use of gradient direction of a target pixel in existing methods, our coding scheme selects prominent edge directions accumulated from more samples (e.g., surrounding neighboring pixels), which, in turn, minimizes the effect of noise by suppressing the noisy accumulations of single or fewer samples. In this way, the presented encoding strategy provides the more discriminative shape of local structures while ensuring robustness to subtle changes such as local noise. We conduct extensive experiments on gender recognition datasets containing a wide range of challenges such as illumination, expression, age, and pose variations as well as sketch images, and observe the better performance of LPDP descriptor against existing local descriptors.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.1_2
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• pp.153-163
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose a new technique of image based rendering(IBR) for the pose transformation of a face by using only a frontal face image and its mesh without a three-dimensional model. To substitute the 3D geometric model, first, we make up a standard mesh set of a certain person for several face sides ; front. left, right, half-left and half-right sides. For the given person, we compose only the frontal mesh of the frontal face image to be transformed. The other mesh is automatically generated based on the standard mesh set. And then, the frontal face image is geometrically transformed to give different view by using Invertible Meshwarp Algorithm, which is improved to tolerate the overlap or inversion of neighbor vertexes in the mesh. The same warping algorithm is used to generate the opening or closing effect of both eyes and a mouth. To evaluate the transformation performance, we capture dynamic images from 10 persons rotating their heads horizontally. And we measure the location error of 14 main features between the corresponding original and transformed facial images. That is, the average difference is calculated between the distances from the center of both eyes to each feature point for the corresponding original and transformed images. As a result, the average error in feature location is about 7.0% of the distance from the center of both eyes to the center of a mouth.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.481-488
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• 2006

The performance of face recognition methods using subspace projection is directly related to the characteristics of their basis images, especially in the cases of local distortion or partial occlusion. In order for a subspace projection method to be robust to local distortion and partial occlusion, the basis images generated by the method should exhibit a part-based local representation. We propose an effective part-based local representation method named locally salient ICA (LS-ICA) method for face recognition that is robust to local distortion and partial occlusion. The LS-ICA method only employs locally salient information from important facial parts in order to maximize the benefit of applying the idea of 'recognition by parts.' It creates part-based local basis images by imposing additional localization constraint in the process of computing ICA architecture I basis images. We have contrasted the LS-ICA method with other part-based representations such as LNMF (Localized Non-negative Matrix Factorization) and LFA (Local Feature Analysis). Experimental results show that the LS-ICA method performs better than PCA, ICA architecture I, ICA architectureII, LFA, and LNMF methods, especially in the cases of partial occlusions and local distortions.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.20-24
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• 2016

Background: Midface concavity is a relatively common facial feature in East Asian populations. Paranasal augmentation is becoming an increasingly popular procedure for patients with mild concavity and normal occlusion. In this study, we evaluate clinical outcomes following a series of paranasal augmentation. Methods: A retrospective review was performed for patients with Class I occlusion who had undergone bilateral paranasal augmentation using custom-made silicone implants, between October 2005 and September 2013. Patient charts were reviewed for demographic information, concomitant operations, and postoperative complications. Preoperative and postoperative (1-month) photographs were used to evaluate operative outcome. Results: The review identified a total of 93 patients meeting study criteria. Overall, aesthetic outcomes were satisfactory. Five-millimeter thick silicone implant was used in 81 cases, and the mean augmentation was 4.26 mm for this thickness. Among the 93 patients, 2 patients required immediate implant removal due to discomfort. An additional 3 patients experienced implant migration without any extrusion. Nine patients complained of transient paresthesia, which had resolved by 2 weeks. There were no cases of hematoma or infection. All patients reported improvement in their lateral profile and were pleased at follow-up. Complications that arose postoperatively included 9 cases of numbness in the upper lip and 3 cases of implant migration. All cases yielded satisfactory results without persisting complications. Sensations were fully restored postoperatively after 1 to 2 weeks. Conclusion: Paranasal augmentation with custom-made silicone implants is a simple, safe, and inexpensive method that can readily improve the lateral profile of a patient with normal occlusion. When combined with other aesthetic procedures, paranasal augmentation can synergistically improve outcome and lead to greater patient satisfaction.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 2017

Emotion affects many parts of human life such as learning ability, behavior and judgment. It is important to understand human nature. Emotion can only be inferred from facial expressions or gestures, what it actually is. In particular, emotion is difficult to classify not only because individuals feel differently about emotion but also because visually induced emotion does not sustain during whole testing period. To solve the problem, we acquired bio-signals and extracted features from those signals, which offer objective information about emotion stimulus. The emotion pattern classifier was composed of unsupervised learning algorithm with hidden nodes and feature vectors. Restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) based on probability estimation was used in the unsupervised learning and maps emotion features to transformed dimensions. The emotion was characterized by non-linear classifiers with hidden nodes of a multi layer neural network, named deep belief network (DBN). The accuracy of DBN (about 94 %) was better than that of back-propagation neural network (about 40 %). The DBN showed good performance as the emotion pattern classifier.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.91-96
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• 2015

In this study, we introduce robust face recognition system with illumination variation realized with the aid of CT preprocessing method. As preprocessing algorithm, Census Transform(CT) algorithm is used to extract locally facial features under unilluminated condition. The dimension reduction of the preprocessed data is carried out by using $(2D)^2$PCA which is the extended type of PCA. Feature data extracted through dimension algorithm is used as the inputs of proposed radial basis function neural networks. The hidden layer of the radial basis function neural networks(RBFNN) is built up by fuzzy c-means(FCM) clustering algorithm and the connection weights of the networks are described as the coefficients of linear polynomial function. The essential design parameters (including the number of inputs and fuzzification coefficient) of the proposed networks are optimized by means of artificial bee colony(ABC) algorithm. This study is experimented with both Yale Face database B and CMU PIE database to evaluate the performance of the proposed system.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.923-932
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose a GRNN(: Generalized Regression Neural Network) algorithms for new eyes and face recognition identification system to solve the points that need corrective action in accordance with the existing problems of facial movements gaze upon it difficult to identify the user and. Using a Kalman filter structural information elements of a face feature to determine the authenticity of the face was estimated future location using the location information of the current head and the treatment time is relatively fast horizontal and vertical elements of the face using a histogram analysis the detected. And the light obtained by configuring the infrared illuminator pupil effects in real-time detection of the pupil, the pupil tracking was to extract the text print vector. The abstract is to be in fully-justified italicized text as it is here, below the author information.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2007

After Tennison introduced a triangular flap method which, for the first time, preserved the Cupid's bow, Randall gave this method a sound mathematical basis. This method is also called as an inferior triangular cheiloplasty which is characterized by making a small triangular flap from the lateral border of cleft destined to be fitted into an incision on the medial side of cleft. He postulated that the height obtained was equal to the sum of the median of the two triangles used in the cheiloplasty. Using this technique, a 22 month-old male patient with incomplete unilateral cleft lip was corrected primarily. The deviation of the columella and flattening of the nostril on the cleft side were minimal. The operation was done under general anesthesia and patient was healed uneventfully. We tried to improve the symmetry and esthetic feature of philtrum, nostril sill, alar-facial groove, preventing the notch formation on the nostril floor, and to reconstruct the muscle sling in the upper part of lip. The shape of Cupid's bow was restored, and the symmetry of columella was regained as a result. In summary, the inferior triangular cheiloplasty is effective to correct the primary unilateral cleft lip, results in the restoration of favorable anatomy and function.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.2B
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• pp.168-175
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• 2011

In modem society, human relationships has been received much attention as important element to judge the success as well as the social life of the individual. To respond to these changing times has been used various ways to maintain an appropriate relationship that each other's character can be predicted. In this paper, we should be carried out a study on correlation analysis and features of five-character types to extract shape of philtrum, mouth, ears in facial image of Men in the 20's for Interview system application. From this, we extracted to area of philtrum, mouth, ears by Visual C++ to face and side image. Then we performed analysis, comparison a group of S-character types to find a result according to philtrum rate, mouth size, shape of ears. As a result, we drew a significance through morphological results by philtrum rate, mouth size, shape of ears as five-character types.