• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.136-142
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• 2015

Background: The incidence and etiology of facial bone fracture differ widely according to time and geographic setting. Because of this, prevention and management of facial bone fracture requires ongoing research. This study examines the relationship between socioeconomic status and the incidence of facial bone fractures in patients who had been admitted for facial bone fractures. Methods: A retrospective study was performed for all patients admitted for facial bone fracture at the National Medical Center (Seoul, Korea) from 2010 to 2014. We sought correlations amongst age, gender, fracture type, injury mechanism, alcohol consumption, and type of medical insurance. Results: Out of the 303 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 214 (70.6%) patients were enrolled in National Health Insurance (NHI), 46 (15.2%) patients had Medical Aid, and 43 (14.2%) patients were homeless. The main causes of facial bone fractures were accidental trauma (51.4%), physical altercation (23.1%), and traffic accident (14.2%). On Pearson's chi-square test, alcohol consumption was correlated significantly with accidental trauma (p<0.05). And, the ratio of alcohol consumption leading to facial bone fractures differed significantly in the homeless group compared to the NHI group and the Medical Aid group (p<0.05). Conclusion: We found a significant inverse correlation between economic status and the incidence of facial bone fractures caused by alcohol consumption. Our findings indicate that more elaborate guidelines and prevention programs are needed for socioeconomically marginalized populations.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.163-171
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate the effect of Miso Facial rejuvenation Acupuncture on severe cases of facial palsy. Methods : Facial palsy patients over the age of 70 with House-Brackmann grading system(HBGS) above Grade V were treated with Miso Facial rejuvenation Acupuncture. The effects of the treatment were evaluated via scales and picture. Results : Before treatment with Miso Facial rejuvenation acupuncture, the three patients showed H-B Gr V. After treatment, they showed improvement to H-B Gr II, III, and II respectively. There also formed nasolabial folds on the palsied side, with better blinking of the eyes, and improved asymmetry of the left and right face. Conclusions : Miso Facial rejuvenation Acupuncture showed marked improvement in intractable facial palsy. Randomized-controlled trial for further evaluation will be needed in the future.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.761-764
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• 2011

Purpose: Pediatric facial laceration takes a huge part of patients visiting emergency room and generates social attention for its proper emergency care. So much more attention should be paid to the proper treatment at emergency care unit, and furthermore, thorough survey of background information of the pediatric facial laceration may offer more proper prevention. Methods: According to annual reports of 2009 and 2010, out of 5149 facial laceration patients who were given primary medical care at our clinic, 1452 patients were aged under 15 years old. Retrospective analysis of each pediatric facial lacerations were evaluated according to gender, age, periodic table, cause of injury, place of injury, sites of injury and so on. Results: Pediatric facial laceration was found to occur mostly at 1 year old as they learn to walk and explore their environment. Evaluated analysis revealed that pediatric facial accidents occurred mostly on forehead region (75%), on Sundays, from 5 p.m. to 8 p.m., at home (61.5%). Most common cause of injury was collision (54.5%). Conclusion: In large group of pediatric facial laceration cases provided us with an surprising fact that accidents most commonly occur under parental supervision. This fact gives an actual understanding regarding pediatric facial laceration and more realistic approach in its prevention strategy.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.359-366
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• 2006

Acquired facial deformities following cancrum oris sequelae manifested variably according to the nature of tissue necrosis. In cases that tissue loss extends over a wide area of the face, or the tissue nature is different due to congenital facial cleft, it is difficult to reconstruct with a single operation. As cancrum oris has virtually disappeared from our country, clinical report of reconstruction is also rare. We report 5 cases of facial deformities following cancrum oris sequelae. Since 1988, five adult patients(4 female and 1 male) were treated by authors. These patients, with an age ranged from 47 to 58 years, all suffered from acquired facial cleft such as facial mutilation, asymmetry. The stages of operation were from 1 to maximum of 5 operations. All surgeries achieved satisfactory results after a long-term follow-up. But one surgery in the case of palatal mucosal flap for the coverage of reconstructed maxilla alveolar bone resulted tissue sloughness, followed by osteomyelitis. Those were debrided and discarded. In conclusion, all sites of deformities were positioned around one of the oral commissures. In their past medical history, they have been suffering from measles, typhoid fever and unknown febrile illness. We diagnosed the acquired facial deformity following cancrum oris sequelae. The reconstruction of acquired facial deformity following cancrum oris sequelae were difficult due to extensive multiple tissue defects. Therefore multiple staged operations were inevitable. The authors reconstructed 5 cases of simple and complex form of facial deformity with minimum staged operations. All patients were satisfied functionally and cosmetically.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 1974

The author analyzed 64 males and 65 females with normal occlusion from the childhood to the juvenile korean roentgenocephalometrically. And following conclusions were obtained by means of linear analyses. 1. Maxillo-facial structure growth continued quite rapidly until puberty from childhood, and growth of male was increased than that of female after Hellman dental age IV A significantly. 2. The order of growth increments were mandibular, maxillary, and cranial base length in both sexes. 3. In both sexes, the growth of anterior face was more rapid than that of posterior face, and lower facial growth was greater than upper facial growth of anterior and posterior face. 4. The maxillo-facial height growth was rapid than that of the depth in both sexes.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.2349-2357
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• 1994

This paper presents a facial expression transformation algorithm and drawing rule generation algolithm for a portrait drawing robot which was developed for the '93 Taejeon EXPO. The developed algorithm was mainly focused on the robust automatic generation of robot programs with the consideration that the drawing robot should work without any limitation of the age, sex or race for the persons. In order to give more demonstratin effects, the facial expression change of the pictured person was performed.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.881-920
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• 1992

This study was designed to assess profile preferences among Korean youths in the year 1992. Facial esthetics was evaluated by means of silhouette profiles, eliminating the influence of a number of aspects that may affect judgment when normal lateral photographs are used. The main points of preference to be clarified here are as follows. First, on facial convexity, Second, on nasion depth, Third, on mentolabial sulcus depth, Fourth, on the position of upper and lower lips, Fifth, on facial type according to Angle's classification of malocclusion, Sixth, on Song's tangents. The 54 subjects printed in questionnaire as black and white silhouettes were selected from 300 tracings from cephalometric radiographs of people whose age ranging from 11 to 20 years. Photographs of six female subjects were retouched by computer graphic software and printed in color and black/white photographs which were used for adaptation of eyes of participants in selecting profiles in silhouette. They constitute 2 questions. The 54 subjects were grouped as 22 questions, each of them composed of 6 subjects, according to the aspects to be clarified. Twenty four questions in total were asked to assess profile preferences. For the assessment, the profile line, the facial esthetic triangle, Song's tangents, and Angle's classification of malocclusion were introduced. The profile line is composed of 11 component points which are Trichion, Glabella, Nasion, Pronasale, Subnasale, Labrale superius, Stomion, Labrale inferius, Supramentale, Pogonion, and Gnathion. The facial esthetic triangle is composed of 3 tangents: A-tangent which is the tangent of dorsum of nose, B-tangent which is the line passing through Sn and Ls, and C-tangent which is drawn on the turning point of the curve which lies between mentolabial sulcus (Sm) and pogonion (Pg). Angle's classification has 3 types of malocclusion which are Class I, Class II, and Class III. Class II malocclusion is subdivided into Division 1 and Division 2. The participants of the survey were composed of 861 college students (448 male students, 413 female students) whose majors grouped as Fine Arts. Liberal Arts, and Natural Sciences, and whose mean age 21.8 years. The statistics program SPSS/PC + of SPSS Inc. was used to analyze answers of participants. Crosstabulation, Chi-square test, and Kendall test were done. The conclusions are as follows: First, Korean youths have a tendency to prefer the slightly convex face to the flat or concave face. Second, they prefer a moderately deep nasion. Third, they prefer a moderately deep mentolabial sulcus. Fourth, they prefer the position of lips which are near to Ricketts' E-line. The position of the upper lip which is slightly posterior to E-line is preferred. The upper lip which lies too far anterior or posterior to the lower lip is not perferred. Fifth, they prefer most, according to Angle's Classification of Malocclusion, Class I facial profile which has a slight inclination to Class II division 2. The order of preference is Class I, Class II division 2, Class III, and Class II division 1. Sixth, they prefer the type 2 and 3 of Song's tangents. The facial profile within which A-and B-tangent meet is preferred. The facial profile which has Cotangent that .meets with A-tangent slightly posterior to the crossing point of A-and B-tangent or that parallels with B-tangent is preferred.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2014

Purpose: Nasal bone fractures are the most common childhood facial bone fractures, with an incidence of about 39%. While taking a nasal bone x-ray is a common modality used in the emergency department, reports have expressed concerns with its low sensitivity and low specificity. Our study was aimed at comparing accuracy of physical and x-ray examination with that of facial bone computed tomography (CT). Methods: Electronic medical records (EMR) were retrospectively reviewed for patients under the age of 15 who visited our emergency department from January 2010 to December 2011with a chief complaint of nasal pain due to trauma and who had also undergone a nasal bone x-ray and facial bone CT. Patients who had not taken facial bone CT, who had been transferred, and who did not have EMR were excluded. We divided the patients into 2 groups, those who had nasal bone fractures and those without a fracture on their facial bone CT. We analyzed other parameters such as age, sex, and type of fracture to find statistical differences between the two groups. Results: A total of 209 patients were included. The patients with nasal bone fractures on their facial bone CT were older, and their traumas were more violent. Ten patients who had apparent nasal bone fractures on their facial bone CT had no definite signs of a fracture on their plain x-ray. Conclusion: Though facial bone CT is an effective modality in detecting nasal bone fractures, in evaluating younger patients suspected of having nasal bone fractures, prudent use of facial bone CT is needed to reduce unnecessary exposure to radiation.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.657-673
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• 1992

Orthodontic treatment of cleft patients is difficult as the growth is different from that of normal ones. So it is very important to know the characteristic features of the craniofacial morphology and growth pattern in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients. The materials for this study consisted of 55 normal males and 50 unilateral cleft lip and palate ones who received cheiloplasty and palatoplasty previously. The cleft subjects were divided into 4 groups according to their ages kto find out the growth pattern of hard and soft tissue, and to compare the features with those of normal ones. Each cephalogram analysed by McNamara method and others. The obtained results were as follows 1. In the unilateral cleft lip and palate subjects, forward growth of the maxilla was smaller than that of normal ones from 9 years old. So the maxilla was retruded. The maxillary incisors were severely retruded in all age groups. 2. The mandibular overall length and its anteroposterior position did not show any significant differences between two groups. But the height of ramus was very short and the mandible had vertical growth tendency to compensate for undergrowth of the maxilla in cleft subjects after 12 years of age. 3. Horizontal growth of the soft tissue in middle face was smaller than that of any other facial region from 9 years old. The vertical growth rate of upper lip was decreased as growing old. 4. In cleft subjects, the upper and lower facial component angle and the facial convexity angle were large. So their facial profile changed to straight or concave as growing old.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was performed to categorize and define causes of recurrent peripheral facial nerve palsy. Methods : 54 patients was identified with recurrent peripheral facial nerve palsy among 726 patients who visited the Facial Palsy Center in East-West Neo Medical Center between May 2006 and August 2008. We reviewed the medical records including gender, age, laterality, number of recurrence, primary onset age, interval between recurrences, accompanied disease(e.g. DM, HTN), and axonal loss. Results : Patients whose primary palsy onset was before their second decade had a higher possibility of recurrence and tended to recur more than twice. Double-episode ipsilaterally recurrent group showed definitely worse result of axonal loss compared with non-recurrent group and single-episode ipsilaterally recurrent group. But There was no statistically significant difference between mean axonal loss of the non-recurrent group and single-episode ipsilaterally recurrent group. Conclusions : This study was designed for 54 patients and further studies are necessary.