• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.201-218
• /
• 1989

This study was focused on the distribution of different facial types of the Class II division I malocclusion groups and skeletal characteristics of the each group and those that anteropsterior relationship of the maxilla and mandible calculated from the analysis of ANB angle and Wits appraisal was quite different from each other, as well. Cephalometric headplates of 140 persons of Class II division 1 malocclusion whose mean age was 11.2 years and 69 persons of normal occlusion whose mean age was 12.2 years were utilize as materials. Measurements were recorded, tabulated and statistically analyzed employing the tracings of the lateral cephalograms, then Class II division 1 malocclusion group was divided into 9 Types according to the angle of SNA and SNB for the anteroposterior relationship of the maxilla and mandible, another 9 Types according to the FH-NPog and SN-MP for the horisontal and vertical relationship, and the other 9 Types according to the ANB and Wits appraisal for intermaxillary relationship as well, with which was based on $Mean{\pm}$ 1SD of those of normal occlusion. The result allowed the following conclusion: 1. $37.1\%$ of population demonstrated maxilla within nounal range and retrognathic mandible to the cranial base, $30\%$ for both maxilla and mandible within normal range, $20\%$ for retrognathic maxilla and mandible and $12.9\%$ of the rest were ananged in Class II division 1 maloccusion groups. 2. Retrognathic mandible and hyperdivergent face accounted for $30.7\%$, mesognathic mandible and neutrodivergent face for $29.3\%$, mesognathic mandible and hyperdivergent face for $16.4\%$, retrognathic mandible and neutrodivergent face for $13.6\%$, mesognathic mandible and hypodivergent face for $10\%$ of population were computed in Class II division 1 malocclusion groups. 3. It was suggested that skeletal Class II malocclusion might be due to anomaly in size and shape of cranial base, underdevelopment of mandible, retropositioning of mandible, underdevelopment of posterior face against anterior face, or any combination of these factors. 4. Population with underdevelopment and / or retropositioning of the mandible showed hyperdivergent tendency of facia profile. 5. The ANB angle and Wits appraisal did not coincide the severity of anteroposterior dysplasia in $35.7\%$ of Class II division 1 malocclusion group each other, and this inconsistency was suggested to be related with mandibular rotation, inclination of cranial base, and anteroposterior position of the maxilla.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.401-410
• /
• 1997

An acute pain is the common experience following surgery. Pain is a most miserable experience in person and most preoperative patients have fear o! postoperative pain. In nursing, it is very important to understand and relieve the pain of post oprative patients as much as possible. This study was designed to compare the descriptive patterns of pain between group of Patient Controlled Analgesia and group of traditional Muscular Injection in surgcal patients. This information can be utilited as data of understanding nursing care and treatment planning for pain in surgical patients. The subjects in this study were 45 post-hysterectomy patients in Gynecology ward in C. N. U. H., in Taejon. Data was collected from May 12 to June 27. 1996. The instrumants used for this study were subjective Visual Analog Scale, Objedive nonverbal pain scale composed of Facial Apperance. Vocal Sound Change, and Sweating score. and the Melzack's Mcgill pain Qusetionaire. nine Items of Developmental Pain Intensity Scale by Lee En Ok. Analysis of data was done by using S. P. S. S. percentage, t-test, x²-test. ANOVA, and Repeated measure ANOVA. Results were obtained as follows. 1. Hypothesis 1 : There was very highly statistically significant difference in subjective self-report pain score(Visual Analog Scale) between PCA Group and IM Group(P=0.0001). 2. Hypothesis 2 : There was very highly statistically significant difference in muscle strength score (Visual Analog Scale) between PCA Group and IM group(P0.0001). 3. Hypothesis 3 : There was very highly statistically significant difference in facial appearance score between PCA Group and IM group(P=0.0001). 4. Hypothesis 4 : There was very highly statistically significance difference in vocal sound change score between PCA Group and IM group(P=0.0001). 5. Hypothesis 5 : There was no statistically significant difference sweating scores between PCA group and IM group(F=2.50, P=0.1220). But, postoperation time of 12, 24 was statistically difference between two groups(P=0.0001). So, it was partially supported. 6. Hypothesis 6 : There was very highly statistically significant difference in vocabulary pain score between PCA Group and IM group. 7. Hypothesis 7 : There was very highly statistically significant difference in amounts of total analgesic between PCA Group and IM group. There was very highly statistically significant difference in Visual Analog Pain Score, Facial Appearance Score, Vocal Sound Change Score, Vocabulary Score, amounts of total analgesic between PCA group and IM group. So, It is verified to asses of postoperative pain with VAS, Checklist of facia appearance, vocal sound change, and sweating, and Vocabulary Scale.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.434-441
• /
• 2006

교정 치료를 하고자 하는 가장 큰 동기 중의 하나는 좋은 안면을 얻고자 하는 것이므로 교정 치료 후 안면부에 나타나는 변화에 대한 환자들의 인지도를 이해하는 것은 교정 치료의 진단과 치료 계획 수립에 매우 중요한 일이다. 이에 본 연구는 정면 및 측모에서 하 안면부위의 입술의 위치와 안면 비대칭의 변화에 관하여 인지할 수 있는 최소한의 변화량을 알아보고자 근형 잡힌 비율을 지닌 가상의 정모와 측모 사진을 컴퓨터 영상으로 제작한 후 입술의 위치는 Ricketts의 E-line을 기준으로, 안면의 비대칭은 턱 끝의 중앙 지점을 기준으로 각각 1, 2, 3, 4 mm 변화시킨 디지털 영상을 이용하여 40명의 미술학도를 관찰자로 인지도 조사를 하였다. 연구 결과 환자가 입술의 위치와 비대칭의 변화를 인지하기 위해서는 측모에서 최소한 2 mm 이상, 정모에서 3 mm 이상의 변화가 필요하였으며 하 안면부 변화에 대한 인지도는 정모에서보다 측모 변화에 대한 인지도가 높았다. 또한 변화에 대한 사전 정보는 변화에 대한 인지율을 현저하게 높여 주었다.