• 제목/요약/키워드: Face-to-Face Class

검색결과 501건 처리시간 0.029초

망 분리를 이용한 딥러닝 학습시간 단축에 대한 연구 (A Study on Reducing Learning Time of Deep-Learning using Network Separation)

  • 이희열;이승호
    • 전기전자학회논문지
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.273-279
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    • 2021
  • 본 논문에서는 딥러닝 구조를 분할을 이용한 개별 학습을 수행하여 학습시간을 단축하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 망 분류 기점 설정 과정, 특징 벡터 추출 과정, 특징 노이즈 제거 과정, 클래스 분류 과정 등의 4가지 과정으로 구성된다. 첫 번째로 망 분류 기점 설정 과정에서는 효과적인 특징 벡터 추출을 위한 망 구조의 분할 기점을 설정한다. 두 번째로 특징 벡터 추출 과정에서는 기존에 학습한 가중치를 사용하여 추가 학습 없이 특징 벡터를 추출한다. 세 번째로 특징 노이즈 제거 과정에서는 추출된 특징 벡터를 입력받아 각 클래스의 출력값을 학습하여 데이터의 노이즈를 제거한다. 네 번째로 클래스 분류 과정에서는 노이즈가 제거된 특징 벡터를 입력받아 다층 퍼셉트론 구조에 입력하고 이를 출력하고 학습한다. 제안된 알고리즘의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 Extended Yale B 얼굴 데이터베이스를 사용하여 실험 하였다. 실험 결과, 1회 학습에 소요되는 시간의 경우 제안하는 알고리즘이 기존 알고리즘 기준 40.7% 단축하였다. 또한 목표 인식률까지 학습 횟수가 기존 알고리즘과 비교하여 단축하였다. 실험결과를 통해 1회 학습시간과 전체 학습시간을 감소시켜 기존의 알고리즘보다 향상됨을 확인하였다.

초등 예비교사들이 '배추흰나비 한살이' 탐구 수행과정에서 겪는 어려움 (A Study on Difficulties Experienced by Pre-service Elementary School Teachers in Carrying out a Research on 'the Life Cycle of a Common Cabbage Butterfly')

  • 김동렬
    • 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.306-321
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    • 2014
  • This study aims to analyze difficulties that pre-service elementary teachers experience in investigating the life cycle of a common cabbage butterfly in person. As difficulties they face during the process of this research, they pointed out collecting eggs, observing molting, creating environments for a breeding cage, feeding, building a breeding cage, and making butterfly specimens. Out of all the environmental difficulties related to their school fields, they pointed out a difficulty of time management most of all, followed by placing a breeding cage in the classroom and the lack of microscopes for observation. In regard to difficulties related to their evaluations on students' activities, they found it difficult to evaluate students' activity with the life cycle of an insect in the aspect of knowledge and even to set evaluation criteria. Besides, many of them responded that it would be appropriate to evaluate a research on the life cycle of an insect through a portfolio or an observation journal. In regard to difficulties in terms of teachers' knowledge, they found it difficult to understand insect molting, metamorphoses, complete metamorphoses, incomplete metamorphoses, the structure of an insect body, and how to distinguish a female insect from a male one. In regard to the application of class models, they knew it is important for students to have various experiences through direct observation, so the experience-based learning model was proper for the process of observing the life cycle of a common cabbage butterfly. However, they found it difficult for students to observe each stage of the life cycle in person.

삼차원적 안모형태의 미적분석 (MAXILLOFACIAL ESTHETICS BY THREE DIMENSIONAL FACIAL MORPHOMETRICS)

  • 이상한;권대근;백상흠
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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    • 제26권6호
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    • pp.606-612
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    • 2000
  • This study was performed to investigate the average anthropometric value of normal Korean men and women and to compare the preceding literatures. Additionally, average Korean profilogram was made to serve as a template for diagnosis of facial form. Eighty five Korean subjects(41 men, 44 women) aged between 21 to 26 were selected by members of the author's department on the basis of intact dentition and Class I occlusion without facial asymmetry. Frontal and lateral photographs were taken under standardized condition with digital camera. The image was magnified and adjusted according to the FH plane of cephalometric radiographs and digitized using personal computer. To compare the Western beauty, 25 esthetically pleasing female was selected to measure various angle and distance of the face. 1. It was possible to calculate the mean coordinate value of Korean normal samples which enables the direct visualization and comparison with the use of template. The method in this study was easy to applicate under the Microsoft $Windows^{(R)}$ bases. 2. Maxillary vertical hypoplasia, upper and lower lip protrusion was characteristics of Korean norms and relatively narrow alar base distance, less conspicuous nasal projection was observed. As the vermilion exposure and upper lip length was more than western norm, chin looks shorter than western. To compare the Korean and Western esthetically pleasing profile, facial convexity and nose was less conspicuous in Korean women.

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Directional force와 skeletal anchorage를 이용한 골격성 II급 1류 부정교합 환자의 치험례 (Directional forces using skeletal anchorage for treatment of skeletal Class II div. 1 malocclusion)

  • 채종문
    • 대한치과교정학회지
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    • 제34권2호
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    • pp.197-203
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    • 2004
  • 골격성 II급 부정교합을 치료하는데 있어서, Tweed-Merrifield directional force technology는 시계 반대 방향으로의 양호한 골격적 변화 및 균형 잡힌 안모를 얻는데 기여하고 있다. 이는 적절한 방향으로의 J-hook을 통한 headgear force의 사용이 필수적이다. 따라서 환자의 협조에 대한 의존이 절대적이므로 약간의 문제점이 있는 것 또한 사실이다. 하지만 최근 skeletal anchorage를 이용하여 환자의 협조를 최소화하면서도 보다 효과적으로 고정원 보강을 할 수 있는 방법이 많이 시행되고 있어 이를 보완 할 수 있게 되었다. 저자는 HPJH(high pull J-hook)과 skeletal anchorage를 병용하여 directional force를 적용한 결과 상악 구치부에서의 고정원 보강과 상악 전치부의 토크 조절 및 mandibular response를 얻음으로써 양호한 안모의 균형을 얻을 수가 있었다. 이 치료 결과로 보아 skeletal anchorage는 HPJH을 대신하여 상악 견치 및 전치부 견인시 상악 구치부의 전후적 및 수직적 고정원 보강 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다 상악 전치부 견인시 상악 전치부의 토크 조절, 압하 및 치체이동을 위해 HPJH을 사용하였지만, 이 또한 mini 혹은 microscrew로 대체한다면 환자의 협조를 최소화하면서도 양호한 치료결과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

문학텍스트와 문학적 해석 -「스페인 문학사」를 통한 모델 연구 (Literary Text and the Cultural Interpretation - A Study of the Model of 「History of Spanish Literature」)

  • 나송주
    • 비교문화연구
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    • 제26권
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    • pp.465-485
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    • 2012
  • Instructing "History of Spanish Literature" class faces various types of limits and obstacles, just as other foreign language literature history classes do. Majority of students enter the university without having any previous spanish learning experience, which means, for them, even the interpretation of the text itself can be difficult. Moreover, the fact that "History of Spanish Literature" is traced all the way back to the Middle Age, students encounter even more difficulties and find factors that make them feel the class is not interesting. To list several, such factors include the embarrassment felt by the students, antiquated expressions, literature texts filled with deliberately broken grammars, explanations written in pretentious vocabularies, disorderly introduction of many different literary works that ignores the big picture, in which in return, reduces academic interest in students, and finally general lack of interest in literate itself due to the fact that the following generation is used to visual media. Although recognizing such problem that causes the distortion of the value of our lives and literature is a very imminent problem, there has not even been a primary discussion on such matter. Thus, the problem of what to teach in "History of Spanish Literature" class remains unsolved so far. Such problem includes wether to teach the history of authors and literature works, or the chronology of the text, the correlations, and what style of writing to teach first among many, and how to teach to read with criticism, and how to effectively utilize the limited class time to teach. However, unfortunately, there has not been any sorts of discussion among the insructors. I, as well, am not so proud of myself either when I question myself of how little and insufficiently did I contemplate about such problems. Living in the era so called the visual media era or the crisis of humanity studies, now there is a strong need to bring some change in the education of literature history. To suggest a solution to make such necessary change, I recommended to incorporate the visual media, the culture or custom that students are accustomed to, to the class. This solution is not only an attempt to introduce various fields to students, superseding the mere literature reserch area, but also the result that reflects the voice of students who come from a different cultural background and generation. Thus, what not to forget is that the bottom line of adopting a new teaching method is to increase the class participation of students and broaden the horizon of the Spanish literature. However, the ultimate goal of "History of Spanish Literature" class is the contemplation about humanity, not the progress in linguistic ability. Similarly, the ultimate goal of university education is to train students to become a successful member of the society. To achieve such goal, cultural approach to the literature text helps not only Spanish learning but also pragmatic education. Moreover, it helps to go beyond of what a mere functional person does. However, despite such optimistic expectations, foreign literature class has to face limits of eclecticism. As for the solution, as mentioned above, the method of teaching that mainly incorporates cultural text is a approach that fulfills the students with sensibility who live in the visual era. Second, it is a three-dimensional and sensible approach for the visual era, not an annotation that searches for any ambiguous vocabularies or metaphors. Third, it is the method that reduces the burdensome amount of reading. Fourth, it triggers interest in students including philosophical, sociocultural, and political ones. Such experience is expected to stimulate the intellectual curiosity in students and moreover motivates them to continues their study in graduate school, because it itself can be an interesting area of study.

영남 지역 중년여성의 화장품 사용 및 피부관리 실태 파악 연구 (The Study of the use of Cosmetics and Skin Care of Middle-aged Women in Young-nam Province)

  • 정민경;유왕근
    • 한국패션뷰티학회지
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.49-64
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    • 2003
  • A study on skin care of middle-aged women was conducted to develop proper skin care program. The study was performed from January 25, 2003 through March 24, 2003 by using questionnaires. The subjects were 380 from some area in Youngnam province. All subjects were females from 40 to 59 years. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. According to general characteristics of the subjects, 36.8% of them was from 40 to 44years old; 61.3% 'high school graduate' ; 61.1% 'housewife';89.2% 'married' ;76.1% 'middle class' ;55.8% 'living in small or medium sized city'. In the case of physical health conditions, 55.8% of the respondents was in good health and 63.9% answered that their face skins were healthy. Those who don't drink were 54.5%, and those who don't smoking were 92.9%. 2. In case of the knowledge level of skin care, it showed significant difference in the variables of education, occupation, and economic status. According to the knowledge level of skin care by physical health conditions, it was highest in the case of physically healthy respondents(7.77 point). Those who do not smoke marked higher knowledge level of skin care than those who smoke. Those who exercise also marked higher knowledge level of skin care, than those who don't exercise. 3. 86.8% of the subjects experienced the massage at home. It showed significant difference in the variable of education and place of residence. The knowledge and habit of skin care of middle-aged women showed significant difference according to the variable of education, economic status, and place of residence. Therefore, related professionals and organizations relating to the skin care must make efforts to develop education program for effective skin care for middle-aged women in order to enhance the knowledge level of skin care and information about skin health.

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중소기업 품질경영 운영과 효과 -강원도 컨소시엄 참여기업을 중심으로- (An empirical study on the operation of Quality Management in small and medium-sized enterprises -Focused on the consortium-participating companies of Gangwon-do-)

  • 박노국;이성호
    • 한국산업정보학회논문지
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    • 제8권4호
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2003
  • 본 논문에서는 현재 강원도 중소기업들이 기업경쟁력을 높이기 위해 실시하고 있는 품질경영 방안에 대해 연구하였다. 특히 본 연구에서는 공동기술개발 컨소시엄을 실시하고 있는 중소기업을 대상으로 21세기 일류기업으로 발전해 나가기 위해 기업에서 중점적으로 추진하고 있는 품질 경영 추진방안에 대해 조사하였다. 연구수행에 있어서 지방 중소기업들이 공통적으로 겪고 있는 인력부족 및 자금부족으로 인해 기업에서 중점적으로 관심을 갖고 추진하여야 하는 품질경영 전반에 걸쳐 어려움을 겪고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 21세기 지방소재 중소기업이 일류기업으로 발전하기 위한 방안은 기업 내 인력을 지역 대학과 연계하여 주기적인 교육프로그램을 추진할 필요성이 있으며 기업과 관련된 교수 외부전문가(연구원) 등을 적극적으로 활용하여 기업경쟁력 확보를 위한 경영전략을 모색하고 지속적으로 산$.$$.$관의 유기적인 시스템을 구축할 필요성이 있다. 본 연구의 한계는 조사 대상기업이 강원도에 위치한 제조기업 중에서 컨소시엄 참여기업이기 때문에 현황과 추진활동 차이에 따른 결과의 해석을 일반화하기에는 약간 무리가 있으며, 향후의 연구에서는 컨소시엄 참여기업 만이 아닌 강원도 소재 제조기업 중에서 표본을 추출하거나, 전수조사를 실시하여보다 세밀한 분석이 실시되어질 필요가 있을 것이다.

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농촌마을 에너지 사용 및 공동시설 활용 분석 - 농촌어메니티 공동생활시설자원을 중심으로 - (Analysis of Energy Use of Rural Village and Utilization of Community Facilities - Focusing on Community Facilities of Rural Amenity Resources -)

  • 최영완;김영주
    • 농촌계획
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.115-125
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    • 2014
  • Rural villages have many problems such as the collapse of rural village communities with continued over-depopulation and aging, reduced functions of towns and villages, deteriorated services with changes in the structure of settlement class and decreased use of the facilities. they also have difficulties in maintenance in spite of the increase of the roles of rural village community facilities. Various plans for the utilization of community facilities to promote the vitality of rural villages and the revitalization of communities have been needed. Thus, this study aimed to offer basic data to seek for future plans to utilize community facilities and reconstruct communities through an analysis of the current uses of energy and community facilities in rural villages. The results indicated that the consumption of petroleum was highest in mountain villages at an average of 187,475 won/month($137{\ell}$), followed by fishing villages at an average of 144,142 won/month($104{\ell}$) and rural villages at an average of 126,070 won/month($93{\ell}$). The rate of utilization of community facilities was reversely highest in rural villages at 84.3%, followed by fishing villages at 61.1% and mountain villages at 40.7%. This research also found that households saved energy when they used community facilities and areas with a high rate of utilization of community facilities at a lower average temperature in winter. It saved approximately 33% energy compared to other areas. Finally, efficient and economical methods for community facilities in villages to be newly developed and the remodeling of existing facilities should been needed in the future to contribute to reconstructing rural village communities that face a crisis of maintenance or abolition.

수학과 학습 부진아를 위한 웹기반 진단평가 시스템의 개발 및 적용 (Development of Web based Diagnosis Evaluation System for Slow-learning Students in Elementary School Mathematics)

  • 이종배;한규정
    • 정보교육학회논문지
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.275-282
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    • 2008
  • 수학과에서 학습자는 학습을 하기 전에 선수학습을 제대로 이수하지 못했을 경우 다음 학습에 곤란을 겪는다. 학습 부진아에 대한 개별적인 지도는 교육현장에서 반드시 해결해야 할 필연적인 과제이나 일선 학급 담임에게만 그 책임을 지우는 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 연구를 실시하였다. 본 연구에서는 웹기반 진단평가 시스템을 개발 및 적용하여 학습 부진아들의 학습 결손을 여부를 진단 평가 시스템을 통해 진단하고 누적된 학습 결손을 처치하여 본 학습에 도움을 주고자 하였다. 연구대상은 연구자가 근무하는 학교의 수학 기초학습 부진아 10명을 선정하였으며 수와 연산 영역을 중심으로 진단평가 시스템을 적용하였다. 그 결과 학습 부진아의 학력 향상 및 흥미를 높이는데 효과적임을 알 수 있었으며 통계처리는 F-검증(일원분산 분석)을 통해 검증한 결과 유의한 차이가 있음을 통계적으로 검증되었다.

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Effects of Nutritional Education and Iron Supplementation on Iron Nutrition and Anemia of Middle School Girls

  • Hong, Soon-Myung;Hwang, Hye-Jin
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • 제8권4호
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    • pp.406-411
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    • 2003
  • The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of iron supplementation and nutrition education on the iron status and anemia of middle school girls in Ulsan city in Korea. The subjects were already diagnosed as having anemia (hemoglobin < 12 g/dL) or iron deficiency (ferritin < 12 ng/mL and/or transferrin sataturation < 14 %). Over a period of three months, one iron tablet (80 mg Fe as ferrous sulfate/day) was administered to the iron deficient subjects and two tablets (160 mg Fe as ferrous sulfate/day) were administered to the anemia subjects. Total calorie intake of subjects was 82.1 % of RDA. The iron intake of subjects was 91.3 % of RDA and the Ca intake was 78.8 % of RDA. The basal hemoglobin concentration of subjects averaged 12.8 1.2 g/dL, and this increased significantly (p < 0.001) to 13.2 0.9 g/dL after iron supplementation. The basal ferritin concentrations were 14.9 14.2 ng/mL and these significantly increased to 26.6 19.8 ng/mL (p < 0.001). The level of total iron binding protein (TIBC) significantly decreased from the initial 523.1 108.7 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dL to 462.2 90.2 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dL (p < 0.001) after iron supplementation. Anemia symptoms such as‘Being bruised easily’, ‘Inflamed inner mouth’, and ‘Pale face’ improved significantly after iron supplementation in the subjects. There was a negative correlation between their class & year ranking and serum iron level, transferrin saturation after nutritional education and iron supplementation. It was shown, therefore, that the higher the improvement of their anemia level after iron supplementation, the higher their academic performance. It was shown that there was some improvement of their dietary attitudes after nutritional education, and that their serum level related to anemia symptoms and iron nutrition was improved after iron supplementation.