• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.131-139
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• 2021

In current time, anomaly detection is the primary concern of the administrative authorities. Suspicious activity identification is shifting from a human operator to a machine-assisted monitoring in order to assist the human operator and react to an unexpected incident quickly. These automatic surveillance systems face many challenges due to the intrinsic complex characteristics of video sequences and foreground human motion patterns. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to detect anomalous human activity using a hybrid approach of statistical model and Genetic Programming. The feature-set of local motion patterns is generated by a statistical model from the video data in an unsupervised way. This features set is inserted to an enhanced Genetic Programming based classifier to classify normal and abnormal patterns. The experiments are performed using publicly available benchmark datasets under different real-life scenarios. Results show that the proposed methodology is capable to detect and locate the anomalous activity in the real time. The accuracy of the proposed scheme exceeds those of the existing state of the art in term of anomalous activity detection.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.209-225
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• 1998

Recently, Umbrella Arch Method(UAM), one of the auxiliary techniques for tunnelling, is used to reinforce the ground and improve stability of tunnel face. Because UAM combines the advantages of a modern forepoling system with the grouting injection method, this technique has been applied in subway, road and utility tunnel sites for the last few years in Korea. Also, several research results are reported on the examination of the roles of inserted pipes and grouted materials in UAM. But, because of its empirical design and construction methodology, more qualitative and systematic design sequences are needed. Therefore, above sequences using numerical analysis are proposed and, the effects of some design parameters were studied in this research. In order to acco,mplish these objects, first, the roles of pipe and grouting materials, steel-rib and the others in ground improving mechanism of UAM are clarified. Second, the effects of design parameters are investigated through parametric studies. Design parameters are as follows; 1) ground condition, 2) overburden, 3) geometrical formulation of pipes, 4) grouting region and 5) characteristics of pipes.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.39-49
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• 2002

This paper proposes the MAWUPC (Motion Adaptive Weighted Unmatched Pixel Count) algorithm to track multiple objects of similar color The MAWUPC algorithm has the new method that combines color and motion effectively. We apply the MAWUPC algorithm to face and hand tracking against complex background in an image sequence captured by using single camera. The MAWUPC algorithm is an improvement of previously proposed AWUPC (Adaptive weighted Unmatched Pixel Count) algorithm based on the concept of the Moving Color that combines effectively color and motion information. The proposed algorithm incorporates a color transform for enhancing a specific color, the UPC(Unmatched Pixel Count) operation for detecting motion, and the discrete Kalman filter for reflecting motion. The proposed algorithm has advantages in reducing the bad effect of occlusion among target objects and, at the same time, in rejecting static background objects that have a similar color to tracking objects's color. This paper shows the efficiency of the proposed MAWUPC algorithm by face and hands tracking experiments for several image sequences that have complex backgrounds, face-hand occlusion, and hands crossing.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.63-69
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• 2001

A corpus-based lip sync algorithm for synthesizing natural face animation is proposed in this paper. To get the lip parameters, some marks were attached some marks to the speaker's face, and the marks' positions were extracted with some Image processing methods. Also, the spoken utterances were labeled with HTK and prosodic information (duration, pitch and intensity) were analyzed. An audio-visual corpus was constructed by combining the speech and image information. The basic unit used in our approach is syllable unit. Based on this Audio-visual corpus, lip information represented by mark's positions was synthesized. That is. the best syllable units are selected from the audio-visual corpus and each visual information of selected syllable units are concatenated. There are two processes to obtain the best units. One is to select the N-best candidates for each syllable. The other is to select the best smooth unit sequences, which is done by Viterbi decoding algorithm. For these process, the two distance proposed between syllable units. They are a phonetic environment distance measure and a prosody distance measure. Computer simulation results showed that our proposed algorithm had good performances. Especially, it was shown that pitch and intensity information is also important as like duration information in lip sync.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.207-213
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• 2020

Umbrella Arch Method (UAM) often employed in the tunnel construction under poor rock mass conditions in Korea. Insertion of steel pipes at the periphery of the tunnel and infiltration of grouts along the pipes into the rock masses increases tunnel stability. There are two major effects of grouts expected at the tunnel face: 1) increase of face stability by enhancing the frictional resistance of discontinuities and 2) decrease of permeability along the rock masses. Increase of resistance and decrease of permeability requires a certain curing time for the grout. In Korea, we require 24 hours for curing of grout, which means no progress of excavation for 24 hours after infiltration of grouts. This step delays the tunnel construction sequences. To eliminate such inefficiency, we propose MTG (Method for Tunnel construction using Grouting technology), which uses extended length of steel pipes (14 m) compared to conventional pipe roof method (12 m). The merit of MTG is the reduction of curing time. Because of the approximately 2 m extension of the length of steel pipe, blasting can be done after infiltration of grouting. For this paper, we conducted experiments on the shear strength behaviors of grout infilled rock joint with elapsing of curing time and blasting induced vibration. The results show that blasting induced vibration under MTG does not influence the mechanical features of grout material, which indicates no influence on the mechanical behaviors of grout, contributing to the stability of tunnels during excavation. This result indicates that MTG is a cost effective and fast construction method for tunneling in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.259-270
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• 2002

In computer Go, the method evaluating the situation of a face is not generalized. To evaluate the situations all the faces accurately, computer Go must judge owners of 361 positions according the changes of the faces. In this paper, we apply the structure of graph as a method analyzing the rules and characters of Go. The Situation Evaluation System(SES) which can evaluate the situation of a face without DB information oかy using strength of stone(SS), influence power(IP), safety(S), position value(PV), and position-value matrix(PM) is proposed. This system is very effective to evaluate the whole situations of Go because it can show the owner of 361 positions between Black and White. As a result, SES can well compute the situations in the opening game of Go. It makes 70.9% hit-ratio as compared with the practical Go games of professional players. According to the results compared with Nemesis, the commercial program which has the joseki(established stones: hewn sequences of moves near the corner which result in near-equal positions for White and Black), SES is superior to Nemesis by 10% higher in the hit-ratio of situation evaluations of professional players.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.39-39
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• 2003

Methylation of DNA 5-cytosine in mammalian early embryo affects great deal in nuclear reprogramming and chromatin remodeling of developing embryo. Current efforts to clone and produce cloned animals including transgenic animals face various problems including low birth rate, irregular development, and so on. In this report, cDNA for the one of house keeping methyltransfcrase, Dnmt1 was cloned from bovine somatic tissues and was analyzed for its nucleotide sequences to investigate the structure and function of the gene in bovine early development. Nucleotide sequence of bovine Dnmt1 homologue showed 76.8% identity with that of human Dnmtl and 66.4% with mouse Dnmt1. Translated amino acid sequence showed 88.4% homology with human homologue and 75.8% homology with mouse counterpart. Three types of Dnmt1 are reported in mouse and human, and are likely present in bovine tissues. Understanding of role of Dnmt1 in bovine development may shed a light in the field of animal, especially bovine cloning.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.372-377
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• 2020

Infection risks of handling specimens associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by public health laboratory services teams were assessed to scrutinize the potential hazards arising from the work procedures. Through risk assessments of all work sequences, laboratory equipment, and workplace environments, no aerosol-generating procedures could be identified except the procedures (mixing and transfer steps) inside biological safety cabinets. Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as surgical masks, protective gowns, face shields/safety goggles, and disposable gloves, together with pertinent safety training, was provided for laboratory work. Proper disinfection and good hand hygiene practices could minimize the probability of SARS-CoV-2 infection at work. All residual risk levels of the potential hazards identified were within the acceptable level. Contamination by gloved hands was considered as a major exposure route for SARS-CoV-2 when compared with eye protection equipment. Competence in proper donning and doffing of PPE accompanied by hand washing techniques was of utmost importance for infection control.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.288-295
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• 2003

An adaptive procedure in finite element analysis is presented by p-refinement of meshes in conjunction with a posteriori error estimator that is based on the recovery technique. In case of the recovery technique, the SPR(superconvergent patch recovery) approach has been modified for p-adaptive mesh refinement. The strategy of finding a nearly optimal distribution of polynomial degrees on a fixed finite element mesh is discussed such that a particular element has to be refined automatically to obtain an acceptable level of accuracy by increasing p-levels non-uniformly. To verify the proposed algorithm, the limit value approach is proposed which utilizes the exact strain energy computed from the extrapolation equation. A new pre-processor is developed for the p-version finite element program in which the vector graphic editor is used for the automatic generation of node connection and coordinate by halfedge solid data structure according to uniform or nonuniform p-distribution. The general 2-D algorithm is also developed to generate face modes and internal modes in accordance with different mesh types. The quality of the error estimator is investigated with the help of two mumerical examples. The results show that the sequences of p-distributions obtained by the proposed error indicator closely follow the optimal trajectory.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.957-962
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• 2010

If we want to recognize the human's emotion via the facial image, first of all, we need to extract the emotional features from the facial image by using a feature extraction algorithm. And we need to classify the emotional status by using pattern classification method. The AAM (Active Appearance Model) is a well-known method that can represent a non-rigid object, such as face, facial expression. The Bayesian Network is a probability based classifier that can represent the probabilistic relationships between a set of facial features. In this paper, our approach to facial feature extraction lies in the proposed feature extraction method based on combining AAM with FACS (Facial Action Coding System) for automatically modeling and extracting the facial emotional features. To recognize the facial emotion, we use the DBNs (Dynamic Bayesian Networks) for modeling and understanding the temporal phases of facial expressions in image sequences. The result of emotion recognition can be used to rehabilitate based on biofeedback for emotional disabled.