• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.757-776
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• 2005

In this paper we establish the stability of a Jensen type functional equation, namely f(xy) - f($xy^{-1}$) = 2f(y), on some classes of groups. We prove that any group A can be embedded into some group G such that the Jensen type functional equation is stable on G. We also prove that the Jensen type functional equation is stable on any metabelian group, GL(n, $\mathbb{C}$), SL(n, $\mathbb{C}$), and T(n, $\mathbb{C}$).

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.281-285
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• 2008

Cherry tomatoes are rich in antioxidants, which may protect against neurodegeneration and consequent memory loss. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cherry tomatoes on scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice. Male ICR mice (4 weeks old) were maintained for 4 weeks on a diet containing 10 or 20% tomato powder (TP), and then administered scopolamine (1 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) 45 min before memory testing. Passive avoidance and Morris water maze testing revealed that scopolamine-induced amnesia was significantly reduced in the TP groups compared to the non TP-received (control) group. Accordingly, acetylcholinesterase activities in the serum and brain of TP groups were lower than those in the control group. These findings suggest that cherry tomatoes may be useful for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases such as amnesia and Alzheimer's disease.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1195-1200
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to effects of hippotherapy on functional ability of children with cerebral palsy (CP). Fifty-seven children with CP participated were randomly divided into two groups. All of the groups received thirty minutes of conventional physical therapy program for three times a week per twelve weeks, however experimental group received additional fifteen minutes of the hippotherapy. Gross Motor Function Measure(GMFM) was used to compare the effects of hippotherapy. The results were as followings: GMFM score in dimensions A and B significantly increased in the control group after intervention. All dimensions of GMFM was significantly increased in experimental group after intervention. All dimensions of GMFM were significantly different between experimental group and control group. These results suggest that hippotherapy can be considered as a therapeutic method for physical therapy for the children with CP to improve the functional movements.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.327-358
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• 2013

This study aimed to analyze the trajectories of cognitive function and functional disability, and to identify the impacts of socio-demographic factors on the two variables. Based on the assumption that there are differences according to the progress of cognitive impairment, it focused on examining the differences in trajectories of cognitive function and functional disability between two groups: dementia conversion group and dementia non-conversion group among cognitively normal older adults. This study was conducted based on the data from a 3-wave panel study of a sample of 966 Yeoncheon elderly cohort aged 65 and over between 1997 and 2003. Latent growth curve model and multi-group structural equation modeling were used to examine the hypothesis. Results revealed that dementia conversion group exhibited faster rate of cognitive decline as well as lower initial cognitive level. Difference between two groups was not significant in the initial level of functional disability, yet dementia conversion group showed greater degree of deterioration in the functional disability over time than dementia non-conversion group did. In terms of the influence of socio-demographic factors on cognitive function and functional disability, the cognitive decline was more drastic in the female group, whereas functional decline was more apparent for the male group. The level of education in early life had a strong impact on the cognitive function in later life. Based on these findings, practical implication for high risk groups in cognitive function and functional disability were discussed.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.604-611
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• 2009

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between headache and gastric dysmotility in patients with functional dyspepsia by using electrogastrogram and bowel sounds analysis. Methods : 127 patients(male 40, female 87) with functional dyspepsia were enrolled. By using inquiry and the questionnaire, we examined whether each patient had headache and abdominal pain. All patients were divided into 4 groups according to the above symptoms. Gastric motility was measured during the fasting-postprandial state by using electrogastrogram and bowel sounds analysis. Results : 33 patients complained of headache. There was a significant difference between headache patients and non-headache patients in gastric arrhythmia of the fasting state. Moreover, in headache patients without abdominal pain, postprandial improvement of gastric arrhythmia was poorer than the other groups. So, headache patients without abnormal pain had more severe gastric myoelectrical rhythm disorder than headache patients with abdominal pain. Conclusion : Headache could be one of symptoms induced by gastric dysmotility in patients with functional dyspepsia. Especially, headache in functional dyspepsia was related to gastric arrhythmia.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1775-1779
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• 2006

A liquid chromatographic chiral stationary phase (CSP) based on (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxilic acid without extra free aminopropyl groups on silica surface has been demonstrated to be quite effective for the resolution of various $\beta$-amino acids. The retention factors ($k_1$) for the resolution of $\beta$-amino acids on the CSP were quite large and the large retention factors might be quite attractive along with the reasonable separation factors ($\alpha$) for preparative scale enantioselective chromatography. The large retention factors on the CSP were found to be reduced effectively by adding ammonium ion to mobile phase without sacrificing the chiral recognition efficiency of the CSP. Consequently, the CSP is also quite applicable for use in analytical enantioselective chromatography.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.645-652
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• 2016

Objectives: To compare the effects of Eastern-Western integrative medical care (EWIM) and Western single rehabilitation therapy (WSRT) on the functional recovery of stroke patients.Methods: Seventy-six stroke patients were recruited retrospectively. The participants were divided into two groups: EWIM and WSRT. Data on age, sex, stroke-related risk factors, stroke type, neurological deficits according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), elapsed time to the initiation of rehabilitation, duration from the onset to follow up, initial functional status, and function after therapy for 3 mon were obtained from a review of the patients’ medical records. Between-group differences in functional outcomes were analyzed before and after treatment using the functional ambulation category (FAC), Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA), modified Barthel Index-Korean version (K-MBI), and Euro-Quality of Life-5 Dimension (EQ-5D).Results: At 3-mon poststroke, all the functional outcome measures had improved in both groups (P<0.05). However, the improvements were greater in the EWIM group, and the improvement was statistically significant in the K-MBI (P=0.048) and EQ-5D (P=0.042).Conclusions: With respect to activities of daily living and health-related quality of life, EWIM is a more effective stroke therapy than WSRT.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.98-105
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• 2003

The surface energy and the effect of functional groups on the surface of the ozone-treated low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film were studied. Treatment conditions were treatment time, total amount of transferred ozone, and ozone concentration. The introduction of polar groups on the surface of LDPE film after ozone treatment was confirmed by FTIR-ATR and XPS analyses. Surface fee energy of the LDPE film was examined by a contact angle method. The ozone treated-LDPE film showed a decreased water contact angles about 15$^{\circ}$ mainly due to the increased concentration of oxygen-containing functional groups, which was attributed to the increased surface free energy or $O_{IS}/C_{IS}$Also, the concentrations of the oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of LDPE film increased with ozone treatment time and concentration, whereas no significant effects were found for the total amount of transferred ozone. From the dyeability test using Kubelka-Munk equation, it was found that the ozone treatment plays an important role in the growth of oxygen-containing functional groups of LDPE film, resulting in the improvement of dyeability for basic dyeing agent.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.655-671
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• 2016

The distribution characteristics of functional feeding groups and biological evaluation of water quality with benthic macroinvertebrates were investigated from 2013 to 2014 in the mountain streams of Jirisan National Park. Both quantitative and qualitative collection had been performed six times during study periods in twelve sites located at upstream, midstream and downstream of four valleys, Chilsungol, Baemsagol, Daesunggol and Piagol of freshwater ecosystem in Jirisan National Park. As results, the total collected benthic macroinvertebrates were 3 phyla, 4 classes, 11 orders, 37 families, 107 species and 4,028 individuals. In 2013, 3 phyla, 4 classes, 10 orders, 32 families, 89 species and 1,829 individuals were collected. And in 2014, 3 phyla, 4 classes, 9 orders, 31 families, 80 species and 2,199 individuals were identified. The total dominant species was Ecdyonurus kibumensis, and EPT groups occupied 80.39% of total species number. Biotic indices were also compared to site and to season. The dominant index (DI) was highest at the downstream of Baemsagol in the spring of 2013, and the evenness index (J') was highest at the downstream of Daesunggol in the summer of 2013. Both diversity index (H') and richness index (RI) were highest at the upstream of Baemsagol in the summer of 2014. The correlation between altitude above sea level and functional feeding groups of benthic macroinvertebrates was also researched in this study. As a result, the species number of shredders and predators have significantly increased according to the increase of the altitude of their habitat. On the other hand, individuals of gathering collectors have increased according to the increase of altitude. The biological water quality was evaluated and compared with several methods in this study, and we suggest that ESB and GPI are more appropriate than KSI and BMI to evaluate biological water quality of mountain stream water.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.189-201
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• 2022

Jellyfish is an emerging aquaculture species, farmed for Oriental cuisines and nutraceutical ingredients. This study aimed to examine antioxidative and antimicrobial potentials of various fractions of the jellyfish, Acromitus hardenbergi. The bell and oral arms of the jellyfish were sequentially extracted with petroleum ether (PE), dichloromethane (DCM), chloroform (CHCl₃), methanol (MeOH), and water (H₂O) to extract its bioactive in an increasing polarity gradient. Test fractions were assayed for antiradical activities using electron spin resonance spectrometry, β-carotene-linoleate model and Folin-Ciocalteu assay; and antimicrobial activity against 2 Gram-negative bacteria, 4 Gram-positive bacteria and 2 fungal species using the disc diffusion assay. All fractions were also subjected to Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis to identify types of functional groups present. It was found that the hydrophilic extracts (H₂O fractions) possessed the most effective radical scavenging activity (p < 0.05) while the lipophilic extracts (PE fractions) the most active antimicrobial activity, especially against Gram-positive bacteria (p < 0.05). Total oxidation substrates content was found to be highest in the PE fractions of jellyfish bell and oral arms (p < 0.05). FTIR data showed that the H₂O and MeOH fractions contains similar functional groups including -OH, -C=O, -N-H and -S=O groups, while the PE, DCM, and CHCl₃ fractions, the -CH₃, -COOH groups. This study showed that A. hardenbergi contains antioxidants and antimicrobials, thereby supporting the traditional claim of the jellyfish as an anti-aging and health-promoting functional food. Bioassay-guided fractionation approach serves as a critical milestone for the strategic screening, purification, and elucidation of therapeutically significant actives from jellyfish.