• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.1839-1848
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• 2021

Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the comparative effects of dietary functional nutrients including glutamine (Gln), chromium picolinate (Cr picolinate), vitamin C (Vit C), betaine (Bet), and taurine (Tau) on growth performance, meat quality, immune responses, and stress biomarkers in broiler chickens raised under heat stress conditions. Methods: A total of 420 21-d-old Ross 308 male broiler chickens (initial body weight = 866±61.9 g) were randomly allotted to 1 of 7 treatment groups with 6 replicates. One group was kept under thermoneutral conditions and was fed a basal diet (PC, positive control). Other 6 groups were exposed to a cyclic heat stress condition. One of the 6 groups was fed the basal diet (NC, negative control), whereas 5 other groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.5% Gln, 500 ppb Cr picolinate, 250 mg/kg Vit C, 0.2% Bet, or 1.0% Tau. The diets and water were provided ad libitum for 21 d. Results: Broiler chickens in NC group had decreased (p<0.05) growth performance and immune responses measured based on cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH), but increased (p<0.05) stress responses measured based on feather corticosterone concentrations and blood heterophil:lymphocyte than those in PC group. However, none of dietary functional nutrients had a positive effect on growth performance of broiler chickens. Dietary supplementation of 250 mg/kg Vit C improved (p<0.05) CBH responses of broiler chickens, but other functional nutrients had no such an improvement in CBH responses. All functional nutrients decreased (p<0.05) stress responses of broiler chickens. Conclusion: Functional nutrients including Gln, Cr picolinate, Vit C, Bet, and Tau at the supplemental levels used in this study decrease stress responses of broiler chickens to a relatively similar extent. However, this reduction in stress responses could not fully ameliorate decreased productive performance of broiler chickens raised under the current heat stress conditions.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.351-359
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• 2021

Purpose: This purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of initial cognitive status on the recovery of functional status in patients with subacute stroke. Methods: The participants were 111 patients with subacute stroke, divided into two groups: mini-mental state examination (MMSE) <20 (n=49) group and MMSE ≥20 (n=62) group. Clinical evaluation scores were collected before and after rehabilitation. The repeated measurements ANOVA was used to confirm the changes in functional status before and after intervention in the two groups. Changes in functional status within the group were examined through a paired test. A Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was performed to identify the correlation between MMSE change amount and functional status score. Results: In each of the two groups, according to the initial cognitive status, the clinical evaluation score increased statistically significantly, but there was no difference between the two groups in the degree of significant increase. When examining the correlation between the MMSE change amount, according to the initial cognitive state and the functional state score change amount, it was found, only in the group with MMSE <20, that the larger the change in the MMSE score, the greater the functional state change of Berg balance scale, Rivermead Mobility Index, and motor assessment scale. This did not apply to the group with MMSE ≥20. Conclusion: Initial cognitive status should be considered when setting the patient's goal, and considering cognitive improvement when constructing a rehabilitation program is thought to have a positive effect on rehabilitation services.

• Carbon letters
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.298-303
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• 2010

A method of functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) at room temperature using dry ozone gas is described. The resulting MWNT were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Combined to these analyses and solubility in liquids, it could be concluded that the dry ozone gas exposure introduces polar functional groups such as carboxylic groups to MWNT similar to acidic modification of MWNT. Particularly, the stable dispersion of MWNT in water after ozone treatment above a critical level could be obtained, implying potential bio-application. The hydrophilic functional groups on the MWNT introduced by ozone oxidation were helpful in improving the interaction with functional groups in PA6 such as $-NH_2$ and -CONH- resulting in improved mechanical properties.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1596-1600
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• 2010

Surface functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) was carried out by means of acid treatment. The presence of oxygen functional groups on the surface of acid-treated MWNTs was confirmed with the aid of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray spectroscopy. In addition, carboxylic groups generally formed on the surface of acid-treated MWNTs, and the dispersion was increased by the duration of the acid treatment. The zeta-potential indicated the surface charge transfer and the dispersion of MWMTs. Morphological characteristics of acid-treated MWNTs were also observed using a transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman analysis, which was revealed the significantly unchanged morphologies of MWNTs by acid treatment. The hydrogen adsorption capacity of the MWNTs was evaluated by means of adsorption isotherms at 77 K/1 atm. The hydrogen storage capacity was dependent upon the acid treatment conditions and the formation of oxygen functional groups on the MWNT surfaces. The latter have an important effect on the hydrogen storage capacity.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.254-258
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the effects of dual task training on balance and functional performance in high school soccer players with functional ankle instability. Methods: Twenty high school soccer players with functional ankle instability were randomly assigned to a single task training group and a dual task training group. One participant who did not participate regularly in the training was excluded. The single task training group (n=9) received balance training on an unstable surface. The dual task training group (n=10) received balance training on an unstable surface and had to catch thrown balls during the balance training. Both groups were trained for 4 weeks, 3 days a week. The balance and functional performance of both groups was measured before and after training. Balance was measured using an anterior-posterior and medio-lateral balance. Functional performance was measured based on a figure-of-8 hop test, up-down hop test, and a single hop test. All data were analyzed by repeated two-way ANOVA tests. Results: A time by group interaction effect was not observed in the medio-lateral balance test, figure-of-8 hop test, or single hop test (p>0.05). A time by group interaction effect was observed in the anterior-posterior balance and up-down hop test (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that dual task training improved balance and functional performance better than single task training for some items.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.503-514
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to explore the influencing factors of consumption behavior of healthy functional foods including vitamin/mineral products for overweight and obese Koreans. Overweight and obese Koreans were selected based on the body mass index(BMI) from the KNHANES that was collected in 2007. Probit estimation model was used to find the influencing factors such as age, gender, job, education, income, nutrition education, and cultural capital(parents' education) on consuming the healthy functional foods. Overweight consumers were found to consume vitamin/mineral products and healthy functional foods at 17.5% and 22.7%, respectively. Obese consumers were found to consume vitamin/mineral products and healthy functional foods at 18.2% and 22.8%, respectively. In addition, self decision was found to be a significant factor to consume both products in both groups. Nutritional education and job were significant factors to consume vitamin/mineral products in overweight consumers, while mother's education and job(service) were significant factors in obese consumers. Weight control for body shape, gender, age, and income were significant factors to consume healthy functional foods in overweight consumers, while nutrition label and perceived health status were significant for obese consumers. Therefore, providing consumer information on functional foods might be useful for consumers to consider the healthy functional foods as an available option to purchase. Various influencing factors between two groups might be concerned to develop different strategies for promoting the healthy functional foods consumption including vitamin/mineral products.

• Proceedings of the Polymer Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.200-200
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• 2006

Several polynorbornene or poly(norbornene-7-oxide) based functional block copolymers were synthesized by ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) with good molecular weight and polydispersity control. Some representative functional groups in these polymers are a nitrobenzoyl group or ferrocene. These polymers were subjected to various chemical modification reactions to give other block copolymers that contain novel functionality such as amine, diazonium salt, and diazo groups. The resulting polymers were characterized by various techniques such as GPC, NMR, UV-VIS, AFM, and cyclovotammography (CV).

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.22-36
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• 1997

Functional recovery of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) patients were studied by examining functional independence measure (FIM) to evaluate the functional state of the patients at admission to and at discharge from the hospital and its relationship with the family support. Study subjects consisted of 129 CVA patients, who were admitted and received rehabilitation treatment at K Medical Center of Oriental Medicine from August 3 to December 18, 1997. The results were as follows: 1) Total FIM score was $72.37{\pm}25.16$ at admission and $101.67{\pm}22.13$ at discharge. The difference of average score was 29.30, which was statistically significant by paired t-test. 2) The largest difference between FIM scores at admission and at clischarge was observed in items of walking and wheel-chair riding, and the smallest clifference in items of social interaction. 3) The recovery was faster with motor function than with cognitive function, because the difference of FIM scores at admission and at discharge was much larger with motor function. 4) Recovery was better in groups under age 49 than in groups above age 70. Functional recorvery was prominent especially in groups with normal sensory state and speech functions, and groups without urinary incontinence. Recovery was less significantly in patients with paraplegic patients hospitalized longer than 2 months, patients with family all the time, and patients with CVA over 11 days. 5) We could not find any relationship between functional recovery and family support. FIM scores were lower in groups of old age(r=-0.325), long stayed in hospital (r=-0.426), and long period of time after the onset of disease(r= -0.339) with a reciprocal correlation between FIM scores and these parameters. 6) Stepwise multiple regression analysis was done to evaluate factors to affect the recovery from CVA. FIM score at admission could explain 51.2 % of the functional recovery. Important factors were periods of hospitalization, state of sensory function, age, and education (listed in decreasing order of importance). In total, they could explain 64.89% of the functional recovery. These results indicate that functional recovery of CVA patients, who were admitted to oriental medicine hospital for rehabilitation treatment, could be estimated by measuring FIM scores. Recovery was significantly better at discharge from the hospital than at admission and motor function recovery rate was much faster than that of cognitive function. 2. Recommendation Based on these results, we recommend following further studies. 1) Comparative study of recovery of motor function and of sensory function would be necessary by measuring FIM scores once a week to evaluate the recovery of CVA patients. 2) It would be interesting to see whether there is any difference of functional recovery between patients treated with either western medicine or oriental medicine. 3) Psychological factors affecting the recovery of CVA patients need to be studied.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.71-77
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• 2011

Purpose: In this study, we tried to determine the effect of upper extremity training such as functional reaching on improved trunk control and ADL performance in post-stroke hemiplegic patients. Methods: We randomly selected 11 stroke patients in the hospital, who had a problem with the upper extremity, trunk and ADL performance. The patients were divided into the conservative training group and the functional reaching training group. We applied general occupational therapy only in the conservative training group whereas we applied upper extremity training with a focus on functional reaching in the functional reaching training group. To compare the two groups we used several assessment tools such as Modified Barthel Index (MBI), total Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), static TIS, dynamic TIS and coordinative TIS. Results: The results obtained were as follows: (1) In the functional reaching training group, there was a statistically significant difference in the total TIS score, dynamic TIS score, and MBI. (2) We compared the results obtained before training with the changes in the results obtained after training and found that there was a relation between the assessment outcomes. Especially, static TIS score showed a relation in both groups. Conclusion: Functional reaching training influenced both the trunk control and ADL performance. Especially, the functional reaching training group demonstrated better static trunk control ability than the conservative treatment group.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.1321-1326
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• 2011

In this work, the effects of different surface functional groups on the elemental mercury adsorption of porous carbons modified by chemical treatments were investigated. The surface properties of the treated carbons were observed by Boehm's titration and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that the textural properties, including specific surface area and pore structures, slightly decreased after the treatments, while the oxygen content of the ACs was predominantly enhanced. Elemental mercury adsorption behaviors of the acidtreated ACs were found to be four or three times better than those of non-treated ACs or base-treated ACs, respectively. This result indicates that the different compositions of surface functional groups can lead to the high elemental mercury adsorption capacity of the ACs. In case of the acid-treated ACs, the $R_{C=O}/R_{C-O}$ and $R_{COOH}/R_{C-O}$ showed higher values than those of other samples, indicating that there is a considerable relationship between mercury adsorption and surface functional groups on the ACs.