• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.212-218
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• 2012

The optical properties of AZO thin films prepared by the RF mangnetron sputtering system was studied to research the dependance of chemical properties of substrate. The substrate was the SiOC film deposited by Inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition with various gas flow rate of $O_2$ and Ar (DMDMOS). In accordance with the increase of Ar gas flow rates, the Si-O bond in the SiOC film increased and then progressed the amorphism. The roughness of AZO grown on SiOC film with high degree of amorphism decreased and then improved the flatness of surfaces. Moreover, the ultra violet emission with high intensity was spontaneously induced in the AZO film growed on SiOC film with high degree of amorphism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.1130-1138
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• 2013

We examined dyeing properties using cotton, Tencel, general nylon 66 and hollow nylon 66 treated with aqueous and ethanol extracts without mordant. The antimicrobial properties of fabrics treated with Artemisia extracts against gram positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and gram negative Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumonia) were also examined. The dying solution concentrations were determined from a calibration curve of the concentration and absorbance of Artemisia extracts. FTIR spectra confirmed that antimicrobial components and colorants (such as 1,8-cineol, thujone, caffeoylquinic acid and chlorophyll) were more present in ethanol extract than in aqueous extract. Nylons had higher $a^*$ and $b^*$, and lower $L^*$ values than cellulose fabrics dyed with aqueous solutions of Artemisia extracts; however, the dyed nylon fabrics were brown. Fabrics dyed with ethanol-extract added solutions were greener and had higher antimicrobial properties than those dyed with aqueous solutions; however, they faded and lost their antimicrobial properties after laundering. Fabrics regained their antimicrobial properties (especially against S. aureus) by the spraying of Artemisia ethanol extract; therefore, the application of Artemisia ethanol extract onto underwear is expected to relieve atopic dermatitis.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.205-214
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• 2014

Petroleum a vital commodity affecting every aspect of 21st century. Toxicity and adverse effects of sulphur as catalyst in petroleum products is of great concern required development of techniques for desulphurization in compliance with the International standards. Installation of desulphurizing units costs over $200 million per unit placing economic burden on developing countries like Pakistan. Present study analysis of commercial fuels (station petrol and jet fuel JP8) on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified sulphur concentration of 19.94 mg/L and 21.75 mg/L, respectively. This scenario urged the researcher to attempt synthesis of material that is likely to offer good adsorption capacity for sulphur. Following protocol of sol-gel method, transition metals (Ni, Cu, Zn) solution is gelated with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS; silica precursor) using glycerol. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra revealed bonding of Zn-O, Cu-O, and Ni-O by stretching vibrations at $468cm^{-1}$, $617cm^{-1}$, and $468cm^{-1}$, respectively. Thiophene and Benzothiophene mixed in n-heptane and benzene (4:1) for preparation of Model Fuels I and II, respectively. Each of silica based metal was applied as adsorbent in batch mode to assess the removal efficiency. Results demonstrated optimal desulphurization of more than 90% following efficacy order as Si-Ni > Si-Zn > Si-Cu based adsorbents. Proposed multilayered (Freundlich) adsorption mechanism follows ${\pi}$-complexation with pseudo secnd order kinetics.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.132-136
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• 2009

SiOC thin film of hybrid-type that is the limelight as low dielectric material of next generation were deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method with bistrimethylsilylmethane (BTMSM) precursor increased by 2 sccms from 24 sccms to 32 sccm. Manufactured samples are analyzed components by measuring FT/IR absorption lines. It is a tendency that seems to be growing of Si-O-Si(C) bonding group and narrowing of Si-O-$CH_3$ bonding group relative to the increasing flow-rate BTMSM. The chemical shift in the XPS analysis was shown in the specimens between the BTMSM=26 sccm and BTMSM = 28 sccm. The binding energy of Si 2p, C 1s and O 1s electron orbit spectra was the low-est at the specimen of the BTMSM=26 sccm. From the results of electrical Properties using the 1 MHz C - V measurements, the dielectric constant was 2.32 at the specimen with the BTMSM = 26 sccm.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.540-552
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• 2019

To determine the chemopreventive potential of alyssin and iberin, the in vitro anticancer activities and molecular targets of isothiocyanates (ITCs) were measured and compared to sulforaphane in hepatocellular carcinoma cell HepG2. The SR-FTIR spectra observed a similar pattern vis-a-vis the biomolecular alteration amongst the ITCs-treated cells suggesting a similar mode of action. All of the ITCs in this study cause cancer cell death through both apoptosis and necrosis in concentration dependent manner ($20-80{\mu}M$). We found no interactions of any of the ITCs studied with DNA. Notwithstanding, all of the ITCs studied increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and suppressed tubulin polymerization, which led to cell-cycle arrest in the S and $G_2/M$ phase. Alyssin possessed the most potent anticancer ability; possibly due to its ability to increase intracellular ROS rather than tubulin depolymerization. Nevertheless, the structural influence of alkyl chain length on anticancer capabilities of ITCs remains inconclusive. The results of this study indicate an optional, potent ITC (viz., alyssin) because of its underlying mechanisms against hepatic cancer. As a consequence, further selection and development of effective chemotherapeutic ITCs is recommended.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.9
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• pp.3058-3067
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• 2021

Sodium zinc borate glasses doped with dysprosium and modified with different concentrations of barium oxide (0-50 mol %) were fabricated using the melting quenching technique. The structural properties of the prepared glass systems were characterized using XRD and FTIR methods. The absorption spectra of the prepared glasses were measured to determine their energy gap and their related optical properties. The density of the glasses and other physical parameters were also reported. Additionally, with the help of Photon Shielding and Dosimetry (PSD) software, we investigated the radiation shielding parameters of the prepared glass systems at different energy values. It was found that an increase in the density of the glasses by increasing the concentration of BaO significantly improved the gamma ray shielding ability of the samples. For practical results, a compatible irradiation set up was designed to check the shielding capability of the obtained glasses using a gamma ray source at 662 keV. The experimentally obtained results strongly agreed with the data obtained by PDS software at the same energy. These results demonstrated that the investigated glass system is a good candidate for several radiation shielding applications when comparing it with other commercial shielding glasses and concretes.

• Nano
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.1850117.1-1850117.11
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• 2018

Sulfated $TiO_2$ nanoparticles were successfully immobilized on zeolite through improving hydrolysis-deposition method. Microstructure, crystallization, surface state and surface area of composite catalysts were characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR spectra, XPS and BET and the photocatalytic activity was evaluated by degradation of methyl orange under UV irradiation. We optimized these factors ($SO^{2-}_4$ ions, calcination temperature and loading amount of sulfated $TiO_2$) on photocatalytic activity and crystallization of composite photocatalysts. The results indicated that the $SO^{2-}_4$ ions are successfully immobilized on the surface of $TiO_2$, and sulfated $TiO_2$/zeolite show the highest photocatalytic activity for methyl orange at the $[SO^{2-}_4 ]/[Ti^{4+}]$ molar rate of 1:1, calcination temperature of $600^{\circ}C$ for 2 h, and sulfated $TiO_2$ loading amount of 40%, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.105-113
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• 2019

Although siderophore compounds are mainly biosynthesized as a response to iron deficiency in the environment, they also bind with other metals. A few studies have been conducted on the impact of heavy metals on the siderophore-mediated iron uptake by microbiome. Here, we investigated siderophore production by a variety of rhizosphere fungi under different concentrations of $Zn^{2+}$ ion. These strains were specifically isolated from the rhizosphere of Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng). The siderophore production of isolated fungi was investigated with chrome azurol S (CAS) assay liquid media amended with different concentrations of $Zn^{2+}$ (50 to $250{\mu}g/ml$). The percentage of siderophore units was quantified using the ultra-violet (UV) irradiation method. The results indicated that high concentrations of $Zn^{2+}$ ion increase the production of siderophore in iron-limited cultures. Maximum siderophore production by the fungal strains was detected at $Zn^{2+}$ ion concentration of $150{\mu}g/ml$ except for Mortierella sp., which had the highest siderophore production at $200{\mu}g/ml$. One potent siderophore-producing strain (Penicillium sp. JJHO) was strongly influenced by the presence of $Zn^{2+}$ ions and showed high identity to P. commune (100% using 18S-rRNA sequencing). The purified siderophores of the Penicillium sp. JJHO strain were chemically identified using UV, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF-MS) spectra.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.356-364
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• 2021

This study was to investigate defense mechanisms on cassava induced by salicylic acid formulation (SA) against anthracnose disease. Our results indicated that the SA could reduce anthracnose severity in cassava plants up to 33.3% under the greenhouse condition. The 𝛽-1,3-glucanase and chitinase enzyme activities were significantly increased at 24 hours after inoculation (HAI) and decrease at 48 HAI after Colletotrichum gloeosporioides challenge inoculation, respectively, for cassava treated with SA formulation. Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy spectra revealed changes of the C=H stretching vibration (3,000-2,800 cm^-1), pectin (1,740-1,700 cm^-1), amide I protein (1,700-1,600 cm^-1), amide II protein (1,600-1,500 cm^-1), lignin (1,515 cm^-1) as well as mainly C-O-C of polysaccharides (1,300-1,100 cm^-1) in the leaf epidermal and mesophyll tissues treated with SA formulations, compared to those treated with fungicide carbendazim and distilled water after the challenged inoculation with C. gloeosporioides. The results indicate that biochemical changes in cassava leaf treated with SA played an important role in the enhancement of structural and chemical defense mechanisms leading to reduced anthracnose severity.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.7 no.s1
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• pp.106-117
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• 1998

Fluorocarbonated-SiO2 films were deposited on p-type Si(100) substrate using FSi$(OC_2H_5)_3$ (FTES), and $O_2$ mixture gases by a helicon plasms source. High density $O_2$/FTES/Ar plasma of ~$10^{12} \textrm{cm}^{-3}$ is obtained at low pressure (<3mTorr) with RF power above 900 W in the helicon plasma source. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is used to study the relation between the relative densities of the radicals and the film properties. The FTES and $O_2$ gases are greatly dissociated at the helicon mode that is launched at the above threshold plasma density. FTIR and XPS spectra shows that the film has Si-F, and C-F bonds during the formation process of the film which may lower the dielectric constant greatly. The relative dielectric constant, leakage current density, and dielectric breakdown voltage are about 2.8, $8\times10^{-9}\textrm{A/cm}^2$, and > 12 MV/cm, respectively.