• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.606-621
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• 2024

This study evaluated the hepatoprotective effect of fermented Protaetia brevitarsis larvae (FPB) in ethanol-induced liver injury mice. As a result of amino acids in FPB, 18 types of amino acids including essential amino acids were identified. In the results of in vitro tests, FPB increased alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activities. In addition, FPB treatment increased cell viability on ethanol- and H₂O₂-induced HepG2 cells. FPB ameliorated serum biomarkers related to hepatoxicity including glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamine pyruvic transaminase, total bilirubin, and lactate dehydrogenase and lipid metabolism including triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Also, FPB controlled ethanol metabolism enzymes by regulating the protein expression levels of ADH, ALDH, and cytochrome P450 2E1 in liver tissue. FPB protected hepatic oxidative stress by improving malondialdehyde content, reduced glutathione, and superoxide dismutase levels. In addition, FPB reversed mitochondrial dysfunction by regulating reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP levels. FPB protected ethanol-induced apoptosis, fatty liver, and hepatic inflammation through p-AMP-activated protein kinase and TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, FPB prevented hepatic fibrosis by decreasing TGF-β1/Smad pathway. In summary, these results suggest that FPB might be a potential prophylactic agent for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease via preventing liver injury such as fatty liver, hepatic inflammation due to chronic ethanol-induced oxidative stress.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.253-258
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• 2011

To increase utilization of Korean sweet persimmon, white breads containing sweet persimmon were prepared and those characterizations were evaluated. WB (white bread without persimmon), FPB (white bread containing 30% (w/w) persimmon flesh), and WPB (white bread containing 30% (w/w) whole persimmon) were prepared by straight dough method. Specific volumes of WB, FPB, and WPB were 3.51, 2.99 and 3.21 $cm^3$/g, respectively. Loss of bread of WB, FPB, and WPB were 9.81, 7.78, and 8.86%. With addition of sweet persimmon in bread, the lightness (L) was decreased, and the redness (a) and the yellowness (b) were increased. DPPH radical scavenging activity, one of antioxidant activity, of WB, FPB, WPB at concentration of 10 mg/mL was $12.39{\pm}0.135$, $14.57{\pm}0.01$, and $19.57{\pm}0.44%$, respectively. Total phenolic contents of WB, FPB and WPB were $177.05{\pm}5.52$, $185.26{\pm}0.79$, and $216.24{\pm}5.47$ mg GAE/g. Hardness of WB were 175.33 Dyne/$cm^3$, and the value was decreased in FPB and WPB. In sensory test, FPB acquired relatively high points in texture, flavor, taste, and overall acceptance.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.463-475
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• 2024

The study aims to investigate the pounding that occurs between the isolator's ring and slider of isolated structures resulting from excessive seismic excitation, while considering soil-structure interaction. The dynamic responses and poundings of structures subjected a series seismic records were comparatively analyzed for three different soil types and fixed-base structures. A series of parametric studies were conducted to thoroughly discuss the effects of the impact displacement ratio, the FPB friction coefficient ratio, and the radius ratio on the structural dynamic response when considering impact and SSI. It was found that the pounding is extremely brief, with an exceptionally large pounding force generated by impact, resulting in significant acceleration pulse. The acceleration and inter-story shear force of the structure experiencing pounding were greater than those without considering pounding. Sudden changes in the inter-story shear force between the first and second floors of the structure were also observed. The dynamic response of structures in soft ground was significantly lower than that of structures in other ground conditions under the same conditions, regardless of the earthquake wave exciting the structure. When the structure is influenced by pulse-type earthquake records, its dynamic response exhibits a trend of first intensifying and then weakening as the equivalent radius ratio and friction coefficient ratio increase. However, it increases with an increase in the pounding displacement ratio, equivalent radius ratio, friction coefficient ratio, and displacement ratio when the structures are subjected to non-pulse-type seismic record.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1997.03a
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• pp.113-124
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• 1997

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.381-388
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to determine protein quality and hematological properties of infant diets formulated from local food materials. The food materials were obtained locally, fermented, and milled into flour. The flours were mixed as 70% popcorn and 30% African locust bean (FPA), 70% popcorn and 30% bambara groundnut (FPB), and 70% popcorn, 20% bambara groundnut, and 10% African locust bean (FPAB). Proximate analysis, protein quality, hematological properties, and anthropometric measurements of the animals fed with the formulations were investigated. The protein contents of the formulated diets were significantly higher than that of Cerelac (a commercial preparation) ($15.75{\pm}0.01g$/100 g) and ogi (traditional complementary food) ($6.52{\pm}0.31g$/100 g). The energy value of FPAB ($464.94{\pm}1.22\;kcal$) was higher than those of FPA ($441.41{\pm}3.05\;kcal$) and FPB ($441.48{\pm}3.05\;kcal$). The biological value (BV) of FPAB (60.20%) was the highest followed by FPB (44.24%) and FPA (41.15%); however, BV of the diets was higher than that of ogi (10.03%) but lower than that of Cerelac (70.43%). Net protein utilization (NPU) of the formulations was 41.16-60.20%, whereas true protein digestibility was 41.05-60.05%. Metabolizable energy (232.98 kcal) and digestible energy (83.69 kcal) of FPAB were the highest, whereas that of FPA had the lowest values. The protein digestibility values corrected for amino acid score of the diets (0.22-0.44) were lower than that of Cerelac (0.52), but higher than that of ogi (0.21). The growth patterns and hematological properties (packed cell volume, red blood cells, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular volume) of the formulated diets were higher than those of ogi, but lower than those of Cerelac. In conclusion, we established that the FPAB food sample was rated best in terms of protein quality over the other formulated diets. Therefore, a FPAB blend may be used as a substitute for ogi.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.171-180
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• 2011

As a great earthquake hit east Japan recently, the interests for the necessity of earthquake resistant design and earthquake resistance ability of existent structures are much increased. The damage or collapse of a bridge, as a social overhead capital structure affects socially and economically. Thus the evaluation of earthquake resistance ability of these structures is very important. The reviewing methods for earthquake resistance ability are mostly deterministic. Although the deterministic methods are fit for the evaluation of safety of each member, they are not practical for the whole structure. For the evaluation of structural safety for earthquake, the method for the evaluation of fragility or damage is needed for some stages of damage. In this paper, fragility curves of steel box bridge using RFPB bearing for PGA, PGV, SA, SV, SI are constructed, and these are compared with the cases of FPB.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 2022

PURPOSE: This study examined the effect of changes in the knee angle and weight shifting of the sole on the activity of the lower extremity muscles during bridge exercise. METHODS: The subjects of this study included 20 healthy adult women (mean age 29.8 ± 4.32). The subjects performed the bridge exercise under three weight-shifting conditions general bridge (GB), hindfoot press bridge (HPB), and fore-foot bridge (FPB) and at two knee angles (90° and 60°). During the bridge exercise, the activity of the quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus medialis oblique, and vastus lateralis) and biceps femoris muscles were measured using an electromyography sensor. RESULTS: In the quadriceps femoris, the muscle activity of HPB and FPB was significantly higher than that of the GB at knee angles of 90° and 60° (p < .05). In the biceps femoris, the muscle activity increased significantly in the order of GB < HPB < FPB, and the knee angle increased significantly at 60° rather than at 90° (p < .05). There was no significant difference according to the knee angle in all muscles except for the biceps femoris. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the weight-shifting bridge of sole bridge exercise was more effective in increasing the activation of the lower extremity muscles than the GB.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.227-235
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• 2014

The demand of natural gas is gradually increasing as a clean fuel in the world. Therefore, LNG storage tanks and related facilities of the importance of leading a community-based facility have emerged. The seismic design of LNG storage tank including seismic analysis have been developed steadily. But, the seismic analysis and design techniques for LNG storage tanks are lacking, in Korea. Consequently, it is necessary to develop an analysis model that LNG storage tanks in isolation system can describe the behavior. Further, LNG storage tank capable of ensuring safety and economy, it is necessary to develop design techniques. The studies have suggested seismic design procedures of LNG storage tanks with isolation system including triple-FPB and idealized complex hysteresis model of triple-FPB.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.177-184
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• 2011

This study deals with Timing Synchronization of motion picture and music in film music's physical point of view. Timing Synchronization appears by using Click Track, which calculates time of picture and location of bar. We also can find Hit, the emphasis point of music, by computation Frame Per Beat and estimate the location of note per time. Hit can be placed at upbeat, but, because of music's characteristic, it is more convenient to composer when it's placed at downbeat. Therefore, this study suggests three methods to sync the music and picture. First of all, sync through time conversion, second of all, sync through tempo conversion, and lastly, there is way to sync through offset. These each methods have their pros and cons, so choice should be made based on the music's natural flow.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.66 no.6
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• pp.749-759
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• 2018

Aiming at widely used high-pier bridges in Sichuan-Tibet Railway, this paper presents an investigation to design and evaluate the seismic vibration reduction effects of several measures, including viscous damper (VD), friction pendulum bearing (FPB), and tuned mass damper (TMD). Primarily, according to the detailed introduction of the concerned bridge structure, dynamic models of high-pier bridges with different seismic vibration reduction (SVR) measures are established. Further, the designs for these SVR measures are performed, and the optimal parameters of these measures are investigated. On this basis, the vibration reduction effects of these measures are analyzed and assessed subject to actual earthquake excitations in Wenchuan Earthquake (M=8.0), and the most appropriate SVR measure for high-pier bridges in Sichuan-Tibet Railway is determined at the end of the work. Results show that the height of pier does not obviously affect the performances of the concerned SVR measures. Comprehensively considering the vibration absorption performance, installation and maintenance of all the employed measures in this paper, TMD is the best one to absorb vibrations induced by earthquakes.