• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.258-268
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this research is to develop functional midsole that can restrain the heightening of plantar pressure in forefoot pressure so as to develop high-heeled shoes that can lessen foot ailments among women. The pumps shoes used for the research were of the same pumps type last. The variant was heel height, 3cm, 6cm, and 9cm, and the shoes were made in both normal midsole and functional midsole. The variant was applied to investigate the changes of foot pressure on forefoot and hindfoot according to heel height.'Heel Cup' was chosen for modification of functional midsolepumps type. to enlarge contact area in hindfoot, and 'Heel Posting Pad' was attached under sustentaculum tali to suppress the weight moving to forefoot pressure. If such functional parts are developed and used, it is possible to lessen the amount of Pmax or Impulse imposed by high-heeled pumps type on forefoot pressure. This can greatly lessen foot ailments, largely caused by high-heeled shoes, among women.

• 대한물리의학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2021

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of changes in the head direction (forward, upward 10° and downward 10°) on the quadriceps, center of pressure (COP), and foot pressure during squat exercises. The aim was to determine if the head direction could better activate the quadriceps muscle and provide a safer and stable squat posture during squat exercise. METHODS: Fifteen healthy college students were asked to stand on a Zebris, and three electrodes for sEMG were attached to their vastus medialis oblique (VMO), vastus lateralis (VL), and rectus femoris (RF) muscles. The participants then performed squatting exercises under three head directions (forward, upward 10°, and downward 10°). Surface electrodes were then used to record the EMG data during exercise. The Zebris FDM-SX was used to measure the foot pressure and COP of the participants. RESULTS: In squat exercise, the upward head direction group showed significantly higher VL activation than the downward head direction group (p < .05). The upward head direction group showed a significant backward change in the deviation of the COP than the downward and forward groups (p < .05). The upward head direction group showed a significant decrease in forefoot pressure than the downward and forward groups (p < .05) and an increase in the hindfoot pressure compared to the downward and forward groups (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The head direction upward in squat exercise has a positive effect on the quadriceps.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.261-268
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to qualitatively analyze pressure intensity and the center of pressure(COP) trajectory according to shoe type. Subjects were ten first-year female university students. The EMED-AT 25/D(Novel, Germany) was used to measure pressure intensity and COP trajectory. The COP Excursion Index(CPEI) was used for within subject test design. Independent variables were bare feet and six types of shoes. Dependent variables were center of pressure trajectory and pressure intensity. Barefeet and five toed shoes had a similar pressure intensity and COP trajectory. COP trajectory for all other shoe types showed a medial wobble at the heel. Pressure intensity for all other shoe types was related to the structure of the shoes. In conclusion, different shoe types can not only affect gait, but they can also influence foot deformities, pain, and dysfunction.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.95-101
• /
• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of multisensory exercise on foot pressure sensitivity and balance for the elderly. Method : The subjects were 17 elderly women (11 for the experimental group and 6 for the control group) with a mean age of 83. The subjects all lived in senior residence centers in Seoul. Multisensory exercise was done twice a week for 40 minutes during a 12 week period. Exercise programs were changed every 3 weeks according to the principal of gradual progress of the exercise. In order to train the vision system subjects were asked to open and close their eyes during exercise. When it came to training the vestibular system, subjects stood and walked on high elastic mats with their bare feet. For the somatasensory system subjects always stood and walked with their bare feet. The sub-Metatarsal Pad Elasticity Acquisition Instrument (MPEAI) was used to measure foot pressure sensitivity. MFT Balance test (V1.7) was used to measure anterior / posterior and medial / lateral directional balance. For the statistical analysis the IBM SPSS 21.0 was used to perform Repeatde measured ANOVA and Wilcoxon ranked test. Results : For the multisensory exercise group Hallux (after 6 weeks, 12 weeks), heel (after 6 weeks) and 2nd Metartarsal $40^{\circ}$ (after 6 weeks) pressure sensitivity increased statistically, but the control group didn't change. Also, balance didn't change for the experimental and control group statistically. Conclusion : Exercise with bare feet on a high elastic mat had a partially positive effect on foot sensitivity.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제41권6호
• /
• pp.668-672
• /
• 2014

Background Negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is believed to accelerate wound healing by altering wound microvascular blood flow. Although many studies using laser Doppler have found that NPWT increases perfusion, recent work using other modalities has demonstrated that perfusion is reduced. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of NPWT on tissue oxygenation of the foot, which is the most sensitive region of the body to ischemia. Methods Transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen ($TcpO_2$) was used to determine perfusion beneath NPWT dressings of 10 healthy feet. The sensor was placed on the tarso-metatarsal area of the foot and the NPWT dressing was placed above the sensor. $TcpO_2$ was measured until it reached a steady plateau state. The readings obtained at the suction-on period were compared with the initial baseline (pre-suction) readings. Results $TcpO_2$ decreased significantly immediately after applying NPWT, but gradually increased over time until reaching a steady plateau state. The decrease in $TcpO_2$ from baseline to the steady state was 2.9 to 13.9 mm Hg (mean, $9.3{\pm}3.6$ mm Hg; $13.5{\pm}5.8%$; P<0.01). All feet reached a plateau within 20 to 65 minutes after suction was applied. Conclusions NPWT significantly decrease tissue oxygenation of the foot by 2.9 to 13.9 mm Hg. NPWT should be used with caution on feet that do not have adequate tissue oxygenation for wound healing.

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.71-79
• /
• 2008

Walking shoes for walking and jogging have been used to enjoy lots of leisure time. Functional shoes such as walking shoes have special functions to improve body motility by changing of shoe shapes. The walking shoes could improve the motility by structural transformation of outsole as increase degrees of heel and toe. The study on insoles has not been conducted enough on the contrary of the study of outsole. The purpose of this study is to perform ergonomics analysis whether the Arch Supported insoles have an improving effect of muscle activities or not. Experiments were performed with 6 subjects who are health and haven't experienced any diseases past. EMG(Electromyography) and Foot Pressures were measured repeatedly for 5 seconds at 0 hour, after 1 hour and after 2 hours of walking. Insoles used for experiment are normal insole, insole inserted Arch Support and pad. The electrodes for EMG measurement were set on waist (erector spinae), and thigh (vastus lateralis), calf (gastrocnemius). Evaluations of EMG were analyzed by shift of MF (Median Frequency) and MPF (Mean Power Frequency). Foot Pressure was analyzed by mean pressure of feet and change of walking time. As results, Arch Support insole had larger frequency shift value than that of normal insole. Frequency shift between Arch Support insoles and normal insole showed significant difference on 95% confidence interval. And insole 1 has the highest value of frequency shift. For results of foot pressure, Arch Support insoles show continuous decreasing tendency when comparing with normal insoles by changing of times. Also, insole 1 has the highest decreasing value of foot pressure. Therefore, this study presented that the Arch Support insole can promote muscle activities and improves comfort for a prolonged walking.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.235-244
• /
• 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate of the foot plantar pressure and usability after gait training using the ExoAtlet wearable exoskeleton robot in an incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) patient. Design: A case study Methods: Six participants with an asymmetry in motor and sensory function completed the gait training using ExoAtlet wearable exoskeleton robot for 15 sessions, five per weeks, 3weeks. They were divided into two groups (low and high strength group) and group differences were evaluated about session at stating of gait, gait distance at final session and foot plantar pressures and useability after training. Results: Low strength group was faster than high strength group on adaptation of robot gait. And high strength group increased faster than low strength group on the gait distance during training. In standing and gait, weaker leg was higher than stronger leg on mean foot plantar pressure in low strength group. And stronger leg was higher than weaker leg on foot plantar pressure in high strength group. The length of the anterior-posterior trajectory of the center of pressure during gait was similar in low strength group, but different in high strength group. useability was positive about ExoAtlet wearable exoskeleton gait after training. Conclusions: ExoAtlet wearable exoskeleton robot gait training was positive about improving gait in all participants regardless of differences in severity of symptoms and gait abnormalities.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.201-212
• /
• 1995

This paper presents a new method of dynamics-based synthesis of bipedal, especially human, walking. The motion of the body at a time point is determined by ground reaction force and torque under the support foot and joint torques of the body at that time point. Motion synthesis involves specifying conditions that constrain ground reaction force and torque, and joint torques so that a given desired motion may be achieved. There are conditions on a desired motion which end-users can think of easily, e.g. the goal position and orientation of the swing foot for a single step and the time period of a single step. In this paper, we specify constraints on the motion of the support foot, which end-users would find difficult to specify. They are constraints which enforce non-sliding, non-falling, and non-spinning the support foot. They are specified in terms of joint torques and ground reaction force and torque. To satisfy them, both joint torques and ground reaction force and torque should be determined appropriately. The constraints on the support foot themselves do not give any good clues as to how to determine ground reaction force and torque. For that purpose, we specify desired trajectories of the application point of vertical ground reaction force (ground pressure) and the application point of horizontal ground reaction (friction) force. The application points of vertical pressure and friction force are good control variables, because they are indicators to kinds of walking motions to synthesize. The synthesis of a bipedal walking motion, then, consists of finding a trajectory of joint torques to achieve a given desired motion, so that the constraints are satisfied under the condition of the prescribed center of pressure and center of friction. Our approach is distinguished from many other approaches, e.g. the inverted-pendulum approach, in that it captures and formulates dynamics of the support foot and reasonable constraints on it.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제15권12호
• /
• pp.7259-7265
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 뇌졸중으로 인한 편마비 환자의 후방보행 훈련에 따른 보행능력과 족저압을 분석하여 편마비환자의 재활시 활용할 수 있는 근거자료를 제시하고자 시행하였다. 일개 재활병원에 입원 중인 편마비 환자 20명을 대상으로 2012년 4월 23일부터 5월 18일까지 시행하였다. 대조군과 실험군으로 분류하여 대조군은 일반적 물리치료를 30분간 시행하였고, 실험군은 일반적 물리치료 20분과 후방보행훈련 10분을 시행하여, 주 5회, 총 4주간 실시한 후 보행능력과 양측 족저압의 차이를 정량적으로 측정하여 비교하였다. 연구결과, 후방보행훈련이 마비측 입각기시 체중지지(발 전체, 발 앞쪽, 발 뒤쪽)에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.05). 양측 족저압 차이에서도 대조군에 비해 실험군이 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.05). 따라서 향후 뇌졸중으로 인한 편마비 환자의 보행능력 향상을 위한 재활 프로그램에 후방보행훈련이 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.141-145
• /
• 2018

Purpose: Changes in the curvature of the vertebral columns of elderly women with increasing age causes various side effects and disorders. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the 8-figure scapular brace to improve pulmonary function and balance ability based on lung capacity and foot pressure by increasing the vertebral curvature. Methods: Seventeen elderly women with a forward head posture were selected. Women were asked to wear the 8-figure scapular brace and the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured, as were changes in foot pressure. Measurements were conducted three times each and the mean values were used for subsequent analyses. For static evaluation, we used the paired t-test to identify differences between pre and post values. Results: There was no significant difference in FEV1 and FVC before and after use of the brace (p>0.05); however, there was a significant decrease in forefoot pressure and an increase in rearfoot pressure following application of the brace (p<0.05). Conclusion: Application of the 8-figure scapular brace to correct vertebral curvature in elderly women influenced pressure distribution change from immediate effect body arrange of cervical and thoracic. However, wearing the 8-figure scapular brace may interfere with expansion of the chest and therefore respiratory muscle activity. Accordingly, it is necessary to apply appropriate treatment when wearing a scapular brace and to allow a sufficient intervention period while also providing therapeutic interventions such as posture correction or respiration training.