• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.157-161
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• 1988

To study the effect of moisture content of the diet on drinking behaviour and the amount of water drunk, observations were made on 8 Holstein steers fed either fresh cut forage or first cut hay. The observations were made in a barn with a mean temperature of about $13^{\circ}C$. Drinking occurred mainly within 3 hours after feeding for the steers fed hay, while those fed soilage drank casually. Frequency of drinking (F) was related to the dry-matter concentration (DMC, %) of herbage: F = 0.47 (${\pm}0.09$) DMC - 6.5, $SE={\pm}0.4$, r = 0.86, P<0.01. Intake of drinking water for each 100 kg of live weight (IDW/100kg) for steers fed soilage was related to the dry-matter concentration: IDW/100kg = 0.55 (${\pm}0.06$) DMC - 8.7, $SE={\pm}0.3$, r = 0.94, P<0.01. The intake of water in each drinking period for animals fed fresh forage was curvilinearly related to the drinking frequency; for the hay-fed steers there was a negative linear relationship. When the drinking frequency for steers fed the fresh forage increased to the same as that observed for the hay, water intake in each drinking period was the same as found for the hay-fed steers.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.205-212
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• 1999

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate dietary protein sources replacing fish meal for parrot fish, Oplegnathus fasciatus. A control diet with white fish meal as a protein source was included. White fish meal in the isonitrogenous diet was replaced with each of 22% meat meal, 17% blood meal, or 31% soybean meal. Triplicate groups of 25 fish initially averaging 26 g were fed four experimental diets for 7 weeks in a flow-through tank system. Weight agin and feed efficiency in fish fed diet containing 17% blood meal (this diet also contained 45% white fish meal) were not significantly different from those in fish fed the control diet (P>0.05). Fish fed diet containing 22% meat meal had lower weight gain and feel efficiency than those of fish fed the control diet (P<0.05). weight gain of fish fed diet containing 31% soybean meal was not different from that of fish fed the control diet, but feed efficiency of fish fed the diet was lower than that of fish fed the control diet.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.340-344
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• 2000

Microbial oxidation of D-sorbitol to L-sorbose by Acetobacter suboxydans is of commercial importance since it is the only biochemical process in vitamin C synthesis. The main bottleneck in the batch oxidation of sorbitol to sorbose is that the process is severely inhibited by sorbitol. Suitable fed-batch fermentation designs can eliminate the inherent substrate inhibition and improve sorbose productivity. Fed-batch sorbose fermentations were conducted by using two nutrient feeding strategies. For fed-batch fermentation with pulse feeding, highly concentrated sorbitor (600g/L) along with other nutrients were fed intermittently in four pulses of 0.5 liter in response to the increased DO signal. The fed-batch fermentation was over in 24h with a sorbose productivity of 13.40g/L/h and a final sorbose concentration of 320.48g/L. On the other hand, in fed-batch fermentation with multiple feeds, two pulse feeds of 0.5 liter nutrient medium containing 600g/L sorbitol was followed by the addition of 1.5 liter nutrient medium containing 600g/L sorbitol at a constant feed rate of 0.36L/h till the full working capacity of the reactor. The fermentation was completed in 24h with an enhanced sorbose productivity of 15.09g/L/h and a sorbose concentration of 332.60g/L. The sorbose concentration and productivity obtained by multiple feeding of nutrients was found to be higher than that obtained by pulse feeding and was therefore a better strategy for fed-batch sorbose fermentation.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2013

When fire occurs in complex or building, toxic gas is important factor for evacuation because it cause death of evacuees. The effect of toxic gas which effects human motion is calculated using Purser's Fractional Effective Dose(FED). The FDS_EVAC is used for evacuation. However, FED of FDS_EVAC has some problem of application because it dose not considers evacuees's gender and age groups but using single subject. In this study, numerical analysis using modified FED which considers gender and age group of evacuees was performed. We investigate the effect of improved FED on the evacuation. We applied evacuation analysis to exhibition centre where the evacuees was set one thousand five hundred people. The FED is increasing with children 2%, male 17%, female 4%, adult 13% and elderly people 22%. Fatality is increasing due to increased FED.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.105-108
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• 2000

To evaluate an effect of oxygen free radical on the toluence metabolism, the rats were fed on a tungstate sup-plemented diet(0.75g of tungstate included in 1kg of standard diet) or a standard diet. To the present xanthine oxidase deficient animal model, toluene(0.15ml/100g of body weight) was injected and then the animals were sacrificed after 24 hrs to determine the toluene metabolizing enzyme activities and toluene metabolite, hippuric acid concentration. The increasing rate of urinary hippuric acid concentration was significantly(p<0.01) higher in tungstate fed animals than in standard diet fed ones. Hepatic cytochrome P_450 contents were significantly higher(p<0.01) in tungstate fed animals than in standard diet fed ones. And tungstate fed animals showed a ten-dency of higher activities of benzylalcohol dehydrogenase while a significantly higher activites of benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (p<0.01) than standard diet fed animals. In conclusion, the more possibly reduced oxygen free radical in toluene-treated rats fed with a tungstate supplemented diet than in those fed with a standard diet would be responsible for the enhancement of toluene metabolism.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.297-310
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• 2021

The rockworm gut flora was identified at each growth stage to elucidate the composition of the bacterial community. The source material was Marphysa sanguinea fed regular feed and fed biofloc at the adult stage in parallel. The systematic bacterial community composition was determined based on the next-generation sequencing method, and alpha diversity and beta diversity were conducted to access the species diversity within and between the bacterial communities, respectively. The composition of the gut flora changed considerably as the rockworms developed. The shift in the gut flora was confirmed at the phylum, family, and genera level of the bacterial communities. The Vibrio species associated with high rockworm mortality occupied 7.7% of the gut flora at the larval stage; however, they disappeared in the healthy adult gut. Moreover, different gut flora was observed between adults fed regular feed and those fed biofloc. Specifically in the biofloc-fed adult gut, several immune relevant and water-purifying bacteria were detected. The biofloc-fed adult gut flora could decompose and mineralize organic sediment, and thus be effectively utilized for integrated multitrophic aquaculture. The Venn diagram revealed that only two bacterial species were shared throughout all growth stages, and the biofloc-fed adults exhibited the highest diversity within the bacterial community.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.387-396
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• 2004

본 시험은 vitamin C와 E 급여가 한우 거세우의 도체등급, 성분 함량 및 지방산 조성에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 시험구는 대조구(비타민 C 비급여 및 비타민 E 20 IU/kg feed), 비타민 C 급여구(비타민 C 0.1%/kg feed 및 비타민 E 20 IU/kg feed), 비타민 E 급여구(비타민 E 220 IU/kg feed) 및 비타민 C와 E 혼합 급여구(비타민 C 0.1%/kg fed 및 비타민 E 220 IU/kg feed)의 네 처리구로 나누어 출하 전 90일 동안 사양시험을 실시하였고, 도체등급, 배최장근의 비타민 C와 E 함량 및 지방산 조성을 조사하였다. 육량등급은 비타민 C와 E 혼합 급여구가 다른 구보다 좋았고, 육질등급은 대조구와 비타민 급여구간에 유의적인 차이는 없엇다. 배최장근 중의 일반성분 함량은 대조구와 비타민 급여구간에 뚜렷한 차이는 나타나지 않았고, 배최장근 중의 비타민 C 함량은 비타민 C 급여구 및 비타민 C와 E 혼합 급여구가 높았으며, 비타민 E 함량은 비타민 E 급여구 및 비타민 C 와 E 혼합 급여구가 높았다. 배최장근 중의 지방ㅅ나 조성 중 myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid 및 oleic acid는 비타민 C 급여구가 높았고, linoleic acid는 비타민 E 급여구가 높았으며, 총 포화지방산과 총 불포화지방산은 처리구간에 유의적인(P<0.05) 차이는 없었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권10호
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• pp.1055-1060
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• 2005

목 적 : 모유수유아와 분유수유아의 생후 첫 일년간의 성장 패턴을 비교하기 위함이다. 방 법 : 의무 기록지를 통해 출생시, 1, 3, 6, 9 그리고 12개월의 신체 계측치(체중, 신장, 두위)가 수집되었고, 설문 조사를 통해 대상의 특징들이 모아졌다. 358명의 소아들 중 모유수유아는 161명(남아 84명, 여아 77명)이었고, 분유수유아는 90명(남아 42명, 여아 48명)이었다. 두 군 모두에서 4개월 이전에는 이유식을 공급하지 않았다. 각 연령별 체중, 신장, 두위가 계산되었다. 모유수유군은 다시 두 군(4-11개월간 모유수유를 한 군과 12개월 이상 모유수유를 한 군)으로 세분되었다. 결 과 : 엄마의 연령을 제외하면 대상의 특징들은 두 군에서 유사하였다. 모유수유군의 평균 체중은 12개월에만 분유수유군 보다 낮게 측정되었다(male : P=0.004, female : P=0.004). 하지만, 12개월 이상 모유수유만 한 군의 평균 체중은 9개월과 12개월에 분유수유군 보다 낮았다(P<0.05). 평균 신장과 두위는 두 군에서 유사하였다. 결 론 : 모유수유아와 분유수유아의 성장 지표들은 출생시에는 유사하나 생후 첫 일년간 두 군의 체중 곡선이 다르게 나타난다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.234-240
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• 2014

We investigated the effects of feeding rate on the growth performance, blood components, and histology of growing olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. We determined the optimum feeding rate (initial fish mean weight of $240{\pm}10.9$ g) at the optimum water temperature. Two replicated groups of fish were fed a commercial diet at rates of 0%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.0% body weight (BW) per day, and to satiation. Feeding trial was conducted using a flow-through system with 10 1.2-metric ton aquaria receiving filtered seawater at $19-21^{\circ}C$ for three weeks. Weight gain (WG) for fish fed to satiation was significantly higher than that of unfed fish and fish fed at 0.5% and 0.75% BW per day. The WG of fish fed at 1.0% BW per day was significantly higher than that of unfed fish and of fish fed at 0.5% BW per day. However, there were no significant differences in WG between fish fed at 0.5% BW per day and those fed at 0.75% BW per day, between fish fed at 0.75% BW per day and those fed at 1.0% BW per day, and between fish fed at 1.0% BW per day and those fed to satiation. The specific growth rates of fish fed at 1.0% BW per day and those fed to satiation were significantly higher than those of unfed fish and of fish fed at 0.5% BW per day. Broken-line regression analysis of weight gain showed that the optimum feeding rate of olive flounder weighing 240 g was 1.09% BW per day at the optimum water temperature.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.445-450
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• 2010

This study investigated the effects of dietary lipid sources on growth performance and body composition of juvenile far eastern catfish, Silurus asotus. Three replicate groups of fish (average weight 3.6 g) were fed with one of the following experimental diets containing 10% beef tallow (BT), 5% BT plus 5% corn oil (CO), 5% BT plus 5% linseed oil (LO), or 5% BT plus 5% squid liver oil (SO) as the lipid source for 5 weeks. No significant difference was observed in the survival among groups. The weight gain of fish fed the LO (high in 18:3n-3) and SO (high in n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid) diets was significantly higher than that of the fish fed the CO (high in 18:2n-6) and BT diets (P<0.05). The feed efficiency of fish fed LO and SO diets was significantly higher than that of the fish fed the BT diet (P<0.05), but not significantly different from that of the fish fed the CO diet. The protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the SO diet was significantly higher than that of fish fed the CO and BT diets (P<0.05), but not significantly different from that of fish fed the LO diet. The 18:1n-9 of whole-body polar lipid fraction in fish fed the BT diet increased compared to that of fish fed the other diets. Fish fed the CO and LO diets had significantly higher contents of 18:2n-6 and 20:4n-6, and 18:3n-3, than the fish fed the other diets in polar and non-polar lipid fractions, respectively (P<0.05). Significantly higher contents of 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 were observed in the whole-body polar lipid fraction of fish fed the SO diet compared with fish fed the other diets (P<0.05). The study results indicate that linseed oil and squid liver oil containing n-3 fatty acids are good dietary lipid sources for the growth of far eastern catfish.