• 통상정보연구
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.151-167
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• 2014

본 논문은 무역개방의 확대와 해외직접투자로 인한 세계화의 확대가 한국의 소득분배에 미친 영향을 분석하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 소득분배의 불평등과 관련하여 중요한 결정요인이 무엇인가를 밝혀내기 위해 기존의 연구에서 중요한 결정요인으로 간주한 무역개방, 1인당 개인소득은 물론 FDI에 중점을 두었으며, 이를 국내 유입된 FDI와 해외로 유출된 FDI로 구분하여 모형을 분석하였다. 본 연구는 이를 위해 1992년부터 2011년까지의 매년의 시계열 자료를 가지고 단위근과 공적분 검정, 그리고 오차수정모형도 실행하여 분석하였다. 분석결과에 따르면, 무역개방과 1인당 GDP의 증가는 한국의 소득분배에 긍정적인 영향을 준 것으로 나타났다. 이는 수출의 증가로 인한 무역개방의 확대가 소득의 증가를 가져오는 동시에 소득분배의 형평성을 제고시켰다고 할 수 있다. 반면에 FDI의 경우를 보면, 국내로 유입된 해외직접투자와 해외로 유출된 FDI 모두 소득분배의 불평등을 야기한 것으로 나타났다. 결국 FDI 유입과 유출이 확대되는 경우 소득분배의 불평등이 더욱 증가하였음을 의미한다고 하겠다. 또한 분석결과, 국내로 유입된 FDI가 해외로 유출된 FDI보다 소득분배의 불평등에 더 부정적인 결과를 초래한 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과는 Freenstra and Hanson (2007)의 가설과 일맥상통하는 점이 있다. 따라서 정책입안자는 FDI 유입정책과 관련하여 좀 더 실용적인 정책을 마련하는 것이 필요하다고 할 수 있다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2016

Purpose - Considering industrialization development stages, an economic effect of ASEAN free trade agreement (FTA) on foreign direct investment (FDI) flows into the ASEAN countries was analyzed. Research design, data, and methodology - utilizing macro-level panel data from 2001 to 2012, panel regression analysis was conducted with a model constructed based on the knowledge-capital model. Results - As for overall ASEAN countries, ASEAN FTA was positively effective to attract vertical FDI to this region, while horizontal FDI was dominant before ASEAN FTA. Meanwhile, for the diversified economy relevant to Singapore, ASEAN FTA was not effective to attract FDI. For the ongoing industrialization economy relevant to Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines, ASEAN FTA was negatively effective to attract FDI; ASEAN FTA became a strong incentive to replace foreign investments with trade transactions for the horizontal firms, but an influence of market potentials after ASEAN FTA, which induces to third-country effects such as export platform FDI, has increased. For the incipient industrialization economy relevant to Indonesia, Vietnam, and Cambodia, ASEAN FTA was positively effective to attract vertical FDI. Conclusions - The effectiveness of FTA on FDI inflows varied considerably by the industrialization development stages of host countries.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.91-115
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• 2018

This paper aims to identify the most effective mode of development finance flows for the economic growth of middle-income developing and least developed countries, separately. It also attempts to confirm whether governance has any significant role in the causal relationship between development finance flows and economic growth. Policymakers in each developing country should select the most effective modality of development finance inflows among the different modalities (such as Official Development Assistance (ODA) grants, Official Development Assistance (ODA) loans, FDI, and international personal remittances) and expand it for their economic growth. Dynamic panel regression models were used on 48 least developed countries and 89 middle-income developing countries, respectively, during the Millennium Development Era: 2000-2015. The empirical analysis results show that ODA grants and remittances were most effective in promoting economic growth for least developed countries, while FDI was most effective for middle-income developing countries. These findings were not affected by the status of governance of the individual country.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.35-51
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• 2000

국제교역흐름은 경제적 요인들 뿐 만 아니라 세계의 사회, 정치, 문화적 환경에 의하여 결정되어 왔다. 세계화와 더불어 국제교역환경도 빠르게 변화하고 있으며, 이러한 변화는 국제교역의 흐름에 상당한 변화를 주고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 경제의 세계화가 국제교역의 흐름에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 하는 것이다. 우선 국제교역에 나타나는 변화를 특히 경제적, 사회적, 정치적으로 국제적 연계가 강화되면서 나타나는 경제적 결합에 초점을 두어 산업 입지와 투자, 그리고 그 밖의 교역환경들과 연결하여 종합적으로 파악해 보았다. 특히 산업 입지에 변화를 주어 상품의 수요와 공급의 공간적 분포를 재편하는 역할과 함께 기업내 교역흐름을 확장시켜 결과적으로 국제교역패턴에 영향을 끼치고 있는 다국적 기업들에 의한 해외직접투자의 영향을 분석하였다. 기업내 교역은 해외직접투자의 흐름에 의해 결정되므로 본 연구에서는 해외직접투자의 기원지와 대상지의 지리적 특성을 분석하였다. 또한 해외직접투자와 기업내 교역의 공간적 분포에 나타나는 변화를 분석하였다.

• 무역학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.195-205
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• 2020

This study investigates the effects of financial development on the foreign direct investment (FDI) flow in host countries. Using bilateral FDI data from 34 OECD source countries to 146 host countries, we performed panel data analysis based on a gravity FDI equation. We hypothesized that the financial development would increase the volume of FDI flows. The results suggest that the well-functioning finance market of source countries as well as a better accessable financial market of host countries contribute to the increase in FDI of OECD in their partner countries. We found also that the financial development effects of source countries are larger than those of host countries. This result shows that the financial development can play a crucial role to impact the FDI inflows as push factor in source country than as a pull factor in host countries.

• 무역학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.253-268
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• 2019

This paper analyses the characteristics of partner countries when multinational firms of Korea, China, and Japan make greenfield FDI in foreign countries. Particularly, this paper applies the gravity model for greenfield FDI flows for the period 2003-2017. This paper finds that multinational firms of Korea, as compared to those of China and Japan, are very significantly and negatively responsive to political risks of partner countries. In contrast, multinational firms of Korea as well as those of China and Japan tend to make greater amounts of greenfield FDI in financially high-risk countries. This result indicates that multinational firms from these three countries should take financial risks of partner countries into more serious consideration.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2015

In the later quarter of the twentieth century, the need for foreign capital is realized among the various countries of the world. Developing countries especially developed multi-pronged strategies to attract foreign capital into the country. One such strategy is the adoption of liberalization policy. Almost all the developing countries started opening their economy, out of the compulsion, to achieve faster rate of economic growth and development. Even a communist country like China adopted liberalization policy as a strategy for accelerated economic growth during 1979. India also joined the race by 1991, when the government announced the policy of liberalization. The importance of FDI extends beyond the financial capital that flows into the country. The huge size of the market in this sector and high returns on investment are two important factors in boosting FDI inflows to power sector. 100 percent FDI is allowed under automatic route in almost all the sub sectors of power sector except the atomic energy. Major foreign investment is made in this sector during 2000 to 2009 is Mauritius with an investment of US$ 4490.96 i.e., 4.24 percent of the total FDI inflows into the country during the period. The estimation of future FDI flow shows a marginal decline in the year 2010. Then from 2011 to 2015 onwards upward trend of FDI was observed.

• 무역학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.233-254
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• 2022

Although there is growing literature evidence of linkages between global value chains (GVCs) and foreign direct investment (FDI), the results are mixed and ambiguous by geographic dimension, time period and sectoral scope. Moreover, bilateral approaches on these connections have been rarely analyzed. In this context, we investigate the effect of bilateral greenfield FDI and cross-border M&A on GVC linkages between host countries and source countries. We match three-year averages of bilateral FDI and UNCTAD-Eora GVC value-added data from 2005 to 2019 between 37 OECD sources and 176 host countries (37 OECD versus 139 non-OECD countries). In the structural gravity model, the empirical specification includes bilateral and country-period fixed effects and uses a Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood (PPML) estimator. We find that greenfield and M&A FDI promote forward and backward GVC linkage for all sectors between OECD countries, whereas greenfield FDI promotes backward GVC linkage between OECD and non-OECD countries. In addition, the results indicate that the degree of influence of GVCs by FDI flows is greater for forward GVC than backward GVC among OECD countries.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.379-402
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• 2015

본 연구는 국내 제조업으로 유입된 FDI 유형을 Greenfield FDI와 M&A FDI로 나눠 각 유형이 $CO_2$ 배출량에 미치는 영향을 규모효과와 기술효과로 나눠 살펴보고, FDI 유형별로 두 가지 효과에 미치는 영향력의 차이를 비교하여 궁극적으로 FDI와 환경오염 간 관계를 명확히 하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 각 변수 간 동시적 영향관계를 분석하고 상호작용을 파악하기 위해 연립방정식 형태로 연구모형을 구성했고, 1995년부터 2009년까지의 국내 13개 제조업의 패널자료를 이용하여 3단계 최소제곱법 (3SLS)으로 실증분석했다. 분석결과는 크게 2가지로 요약된다. 첫째, Greenfield FDI는 M&A FDI에 비해 규모효과를 통해 산업 생산량 증가에 더 큰 영향을 미치고, 결과적으로 $CO_2$ 배출량 증가에도 더 큰 영향력을 미친다. 둘째, FDI의 기술효과가 규모효과에 비해 $CO_2$ 배출량에 미치는 영향력이 더 크고, 이는 국내 제조업으로 유입되는 FDI가 $CO_2$ 배출량 감소에 유의한 영향을 미친다는 것을 의미한다. 이러한 결과들은 FDI 유형별로 정책 인센티브 등을 달리함으로써 환경보호 효과를 극대화시키는 방안이 마련되어야 한다는 시사점을 제시하고, 결과적으로 환경을 고려한 FDI 정책 수립에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권8호
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• pp.335-343
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• 2021

This paper investigates the effect of institutional quality on FDI inflows by using FDI outflows from Asian countries from 2009 to 2017. We used the FDI data from five major Asian economies, which are South Korea, China, Japan, Singapore, and Hong Kong. The gravity model was used to examine the effect of institutional quality on FDI flows. The regression model considers several independent variables, and we select the most appropriate variables by using the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) estimator. We have shown that foreign direct investment from Asian countries depends on the size of home and the partner countries, geographical distance, trade interaction between two countries, economic freedom, labor supply, tariff rate, and capacity of the government. The results of different estimation techniques emphasize that multinational enterprises prefer to invest in those countries which have a higher income, which shows the evidence for Lucas's paradox. The results also show that economic freedom and control of corruption have a positive impact on FDI inwards. The regression results show that better institutional quality in host countries encourages more FDIs from Asian economies. It suggests that the state should control corruption and create a free economic environment to attract FDIs.