• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 1994

This study was carried out to test the effects of fluorescein diacetate(FDA 0${mu}ell$/ml, 0.5${mu}ell$/ml, 5${mu}ell$/ml, 10${mu}ell$/ml or 0${mu}ell$/ml, 5${mu}ell$/ml in PBS) treated before culture on the survival of vitrified mouse morulae in vitrification solution(20% glycerol＋glycerol＋10% ethylene glycol＋30% ficoll＋10% sucrose). The results were summarized as follows; 1. The survival rate of FDA-tested fresh mouse morulae after 24 hours culture was over 96%((P4.8) in the control or treatment groups with various levels of FDA. Because the rate of mouse morulae which developed to hatched blastocysts was higher with the various levels of FDA treatment(67%) than control(50%), it was considered that toxicity of FDA did not affect the survival of mouse morulae. 2. When mouse morulae were FDA-tested in FDA 0(control), 0.5, 5, and 10${mu}ell$/ml treatment after vitrification, the development rate to expanded blastocyst were 66, 82, 64 and 76%, and FDA scores were P4.2(84%), P4.7(94%), P4.2(84%) and P3.9(78%), respectively. There were no significant differences between control and FDA treatments, but there were significant difference between 0.5${mu}ell$/ml)94%) and 10${mu}ell$/ml(78%) treatment(P<0.01). 3. The survival rates of cultured mouse morulae according to FDA-scores(P0=non-fluorescence; P1~P5=according to their fluorescence) after vitrification were P5;92%, P4;67%, P3;42% and P2.P0;0%, respectively. 4. Implantation rates of morulae stage embryos cultured into early blastocysts and implanted into uterine hornes vitrification were 14 and 11% embryos treated control(0${mu}ell$/ml) and FDA 5${mu}ell$/ml and the normal fetus development was 2% embryos for both treatments. Results of this percent study indicated that toxicity of FDA does not affect not only the survival of fresh and vitrified mouse morulae but also the development rate and implantation of fetus after transfer as well. The development rates of mouse morulae with the FDA score of P5, P4 and P3 were 92, 67 and 42%, respectively, it was considered that FDA-test was fit for the judge of survival.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2005

For the removal of residual pesticides in ginseng extracts, we estabilished the removal process using pilot plant system, the characteristic components of ginseng maintains only. According to the agricultural chemical removal process, we monitored residual pesticides of 155 species, compraing the characteristic components of ginseng. The process of 4 types of agricultural chemical removal process compared to the control test was appeared that the residual pesticides were eliminated. As results above, the most efficient method of the possibility of raising the removal ratio of the agricultural chemical construction process was dried process of hexane after dipping and also remaining quality of the hexane appeared lowly. Besides, the removal process had an effected on the ginsenocide os ginseng, only the residual pesticides will be able to remove.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.183-191
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• 1995

This experiment was carried out to study the determination of survival of vitrified and thawed mammal follicular oocytes by FDA-test. Oocytes were divided into 3 groups according to attachment of cumulus cell. Group A oocytes were tightly surrounded by cumulus cell, group B oocytes were partially surrounded by cumulus cell, and group C oocytes were poorly surrounded by cumulus cell. Vitrification solution developed by our previous study (Kim et al, 1992) which consisted of permeable agent (20 % glycerol + 10 % ethylene glycol) and nonpermeable agent (30 % Ficoll + 10 % sucrose). Oocytes (7~10) loaded into 0.25 ml straw after 10 min equilibration were plunged into liquid nitrogen (- 196$^{\circ}C$) directly. The FDA-score of vitrified and thawed group A oocytes was higher in rat (4.2) than in rabbit (3.9), cow (3.8), mouse (3.4) and porcine (2.4), however that of cumulus cell was higher in rabbit (4.7) than in rat (4.1), cow (2.9), porcine (2.6) and mouse (1.4). The FDA-score of vitrified and thawed group B oocytes were 3.1 (cow), 2.9 (rabbit), 2.9 (mouse), 2.6 (rat) and 2.5 (porcine), respectively. However that of cumulus cell was higher in rabbit (3.7) than in porcine (2.6), rat (2.3), cow (1.7) and mouse (0.3). The FDA-score of vitrified and thawed group C oocytes was higher in mouse (4.1) than in cow (2.9), rabbit (2.6), rat (1.3) and porcine (1.1). As shown in the above results, The survival rates of oocytes were higher in group A than in group B and C except in mouse and cow. These results suggest that the survival of cumulus cell as well as follicular oocytes can be reliably judged by their fluorescence with FDA-test.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.95-100
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• 2009

The water purification systems have been hardly used for agricultural purpose due to their complicated compositions and high costs for farmers, while only simple filtrations have been applied to irrigation systems in order to prevent the system from clogging problems. This study therefore developed a clean water supplying system, the Filter-Disinfection-Adsorption (FDA) system, especially for greenhouse cultivation of where low quality of water is available. This system has also been produced for providing convenience water to farmers in the areas of no water supply service systems for the purpose of washing their bodies or agricultural machineries after farm work. The FDA system consists of three stages of purification processes with an integral module, including disk and teflon filtrations and Ultraviolet (UV) sterilization processes. Indoor experiments were undertaken with a trial product of the FDA system to test its performance. The operation test of the process was performed as well as the condition check of each item including UV module, filters, control panel, pump, valves, etc. The results shows good performance of each test with no critical problems. The initial and maintenance costs were also analysed with other purification systems. From the comparisons, the FDA system found to be very economical and easy to use.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to investigate the ovarian responses of the ovulation point, ovarian weight and size, the number of ovarian follicles and collected embryos, and to study the effects of the developmental stages (oocytes, 2-4 cell. 8-16 cell and morulae), additional levels of Ficoll (0, 15, 30%) on the survival rate (FDA-test) of rat embryos frozen in vitrification solution (20% glycerol + 10% ethylene glycol + 10% sucrose). Sunanarized results was as follows; 1. The mean ovulation point per head was 7, and the weight of ovaries was 0.03g. The size of ovary was 5.9 mm(L) and 4.6 mm(W), and the number of ovarian follicles over and below 2 mm was 4.7 and 8.7, respectively. The number of the collected embryos per head was 5.5 (79%). 2. 2. The FDA score of embryos frozen in 20 G 10 E 10 S without Ficoll was 2.8 (oocyte), 2.6 (2-4 cell), 3.9 (8-16 cell) and 3.6 (morula), respectively. However, there were no significant differences among treatments. 3. The FDA score of embryos frozen in 20 G 10 E 10 S with 15% Ficoll was 3.4 (oocyte), 4.0 (2-4 cell), 4.7 (8-16 cell) and 4.8 (morulae), respectively (P>0.05). 4. The FDA score of embryos frozen in 20 G 10 E 10 S with 30 % Ficoll was 3.7 (oocyte), 3.2 (2-4 cell), 4.4 (8-16 cell) and 4.4 (morulae), respectively (P>0.05). 5. As shown in the above results, the higher survival rate was obtained in the treatment of 15% Ficoll than that of 30%. And the survival rate (FDA-test)of the oocytes and 2-4 cell stages of the rat embryos was lower than that of 8~16 cell and morulae stages. It was considered that 8-16 cell and morulae could be available for the successful freezing by vitrification of rat embryos with 15% Ficoll except for oocytes.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.635-642
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• 2009

This paper describes the Flight Dynamics Automation (FDA) system for COMS Flight Dynamics System (FDS) and its test result in terms of the performance of the automation jobs. FDA controls the flight dynamics functions such as orbit determination, orbit prediction, event prediction, and fuel accounting. The designed FDA is independent from the specific characteristics which are defined by spacecraft manufacturer or specific satellite missions. Therefore, FDA could easily links its autonomous job control functions to any satellite mission control system with some interface modification. By adding autonomous system along with flight dynamics system, it decreases the operator's tedious and repeated jobs but increase the usability and reliability of the system. Therefore, FDA is used to improve the completeness of whole mission control system's quality. The FDA is applied to the real flight dynamics system of a geostationary satellite, COMS and the experimental test is performed. The experimental result shows the stability and reliability of the mission control operations through the automatic job control.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.193-202
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• 1995

In order to improve the cryopreservatory techniques of livestock embryos, the quick freezing method which is directly plunged in liquid nitrogen via prefreezing procedure without freezing machine was carried out for mouse embryos treated with permeable and nonpermeable cryoprotectants. The viability of frozen-thawed embryos were evaluated by FDA vital dye test. The results obtained was summaried as follows: 1. A total of 720 embryos were recovered from frozen embryos for viability test. Evalution of the fluorescein diacetate(FDA) vital dye test with mice embryos were resulted of 2.3 total mean score - evaluted in orderly higher mean grade of P3 453 (63%), P2 133(18%), P1 51(7%) and P0 83(12%). 2. An all-round evalution of these combination, the highest viability was showed in 3M ethylene glycol + 0. 25M trehalose treated with the copper prefreezing. 3. Effects of permeable and nonpermeable cryoprotectants combination were evaluated by means FDA score. 3M ethylene glycol + 0.25M trehalose showed the highest survival rates of 2.8 mean FDA score. 4. Effects of permeable cryoprotectants were evaluated by mean FDA score but the results were not significantly different each other. 5. In evalution of the nonpermeable cryoprotectants, 0. 25M trehalose obtalned higher mean FDA score than of 0.25M sucrose and it was significantly different(P<0.05). 6. There was no significantly difference between copper and stainless-steel in prefreezing procedures.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.70-76
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• 1988

Effects of the glycerol addition and removal medium containg 10% sucrose on the mouse embryo survival after freezing in a liquid introgen container were determined using the FDA test. The summarized results are the following. 1. The FDA score was higher (P<0.05) when embryos were frozen in the glycerol addition medium with sucrose that the one without it(3.4 vs 3.0). 2. No difference in the score was found between the glycerol removal medium containing 10% sucrose(3.2) and PBS＋10% sucrose(3.3). 3. The score was higher(P<0.01) at morular stage than blastocyst stage of embryos.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.114.2-115
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• 2003

3-Monochloro-1, 2-propanediol(3-MCPD) is a toxic compound, often present in different foods containing acid hydrolyzed(AH) protein, like seasonings and savory food products. In Korea, 3-MCPD is currently being a problem because of its toxicity in AH soybean sauce. The purpose of the present studies was to investigate the effects of 3-MCPD on male fertility, sperm and testosterone secretion. In vivo male fertility test was performed for observing the adverse effects of 3-MCPD on the function of male reproductive system and pregnancy outcome. (omitted)

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.101-106
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• 2009

The previous study developed the Filter-Disinfection-Adsorption (FDA) system to provide clean irrigation water for greenhouse cultivation as well as convenience water to farmers. In this study, the field examination was undertaken to assess performance of the FDA system. The field application was made in the suburb of Daegu, one of the large city in Korea. The study area located near by down-stream of Gum-Ho river is suffering low irrigation water quality problems with no water supply service facilities. Four water quality parameters including Suspended Solid (SS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), coliform, and turbidity were selected to test the purification performance of FDA system. Also in order to improve the system, this study investigated the defects of using the FDA system through field monitoring. As results, it was found that this system can be used to supply good quality of irrigation water for greenhouse cultivation and also provide convenience water to farmers in the field areas of no water supply services.