• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.861-873
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• 2022

The drying of duck blood provides safety and commercial benefits, but each drying method has its own characteristics. Moreover, information on the effects of diverse drying methods on the quality of duck blood is limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of various drying methods on the chemical and functional properties of duck blood. The physicochemical characteristics and functional properties of duck blood subjected to spray drying (SD), freeze drying (FD), vacuum drying (VD), and hot air drying (HD) were examined. The carbonyl content of FD duck blood powder was the lowest and the thermal stability was higher than that of the other treatments (p<0.05). The gel obtained from spray-dried blood displayed the lowest malondialdehyde content. The hardness, gumminess, and chewiness were the highest in the heat-induced gel prepared from FD duck blood powder (p<0.05). The gel obtained from FD duck blood displayed a denser structure than the other gel samples. Taken together, the FD duck blood exhibited excellent chemical properties and processing suitability.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2022

Objectives: Prolotherapy is a method that has gained popularity in recent years and has been reported to have positive short-term and long-term clinical results in maxillofacial surgery, especially temporomandibular joint (TMJ) hypermobility. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in the trabecular structure of mandibular condyles in patients who underwent prolotherapy due to TMJ hypermobility using the fractal analysis method. Materials and Methods: Forty-five patients who received dextrose prolotherapy at a concentration of 20% and fifteen control patients were included in the study. All patients had panoramic radiographs just before (T0) and six months after treatment (T1). The patients who received treatment were divided into three groups according to the number of prolotherapy injections. The regions of interest were selected from bone areas close to the articular surfaces of the condyles. The fractal dimension (FD) values were calculated. Results: The main effect of time on the FD value was significant [F (1, 56)=86.176, P<0.001]. This effect was qualified by a significant time×group interaction effect [F (3, 56)=9.023, P<0.001]. The decreases in FD values in all treatment groups between T0 and T1 times were significant (P=0.004). However, changes in FD values were not significant in the control group (P=0.728). Conclusion: Dextrose prolotherapy without the effect of the number of injections caused a decrease in FD values in the mandibular condyles over time.

• 천문학회지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2023

A Forbush decrease (FD) is a depression of cosmic ray (CR) intensity observed by ground-based neutron monitors (NMs). The CR intensity is thought to be modulated by the heliospheric magnetic structures including the interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) surrounding the Earth. The different magnitude of the decreasing in intensity at each NM was explained only by the geomagnetic cutoff rigidity of the NM station. However, sometimes NMs of almost the same cutoff rigidity in northern and southern hemispheres observe the asymmetric intensity depression magnitudes of FD events. Thus, in this study we intend to see the effects on CR intensity modulation of FD event recorded at different NMs due to different ICME propagation directions as an additional parameter in the model explaining the CR modulation. Fortunately, since 2006 the coronagraphs of twin spacecraft of the STEREO mission allow us to infer the propagation direction of ICME associated with the FD event in 3-dimension with respect to the Earth. We suggest the hypothesis that the asymmetric CR modulations of FD events are determined by the propagation directions of the associated ICMEs.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.320-327
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• 1996

This paper presents that the lossy or amplification property of the Finite Difference-Time Domain(FD-TD) method based on the leap-frog scheme is theoretically verified by using a plane wave analysis. The basic algorithm of the FD-TD method is introduced in order to help understanding the analysis procedure. Since our analysis is formulated by the Von Neumann's approach, the stability inequality is also produced as an another outcome.

• 한국복식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복식학회 2003년도 International Costume Conference
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• pp.33-33
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• 2003

Lamaism is a Mahayana with strong shaman characteristics in Tibet and Mongolia. It was established through settlement of Esoteric Buddhism, based on Indian Buddhism, transferred to Tibet, mixed with a traditional Tibetan religion Bon which emphasizes shamanism, conducts Tantric and shaman rituals. One of the rituals, Tsam, is a dance drama for protection of Buddhism and enlightenment of the followers in which the monks perform in mask.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2003년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집 Ⅳ
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• pp.2180-2183
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 광 디스크의 기록 밀도 증가에 따른 신호품질의 열화나 노이즈가 심한 환경에서 DPLL(Digital Phase Locked Loop)의 성능을 개선하기 위한 FD(Frequency Detector)와 PD(Phase Detector) 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 PD 알고리즘은 노이즈에 의해 왜곡되어 RLL 조건을 위배하는 입력신호, 즉 RLL 조건에 의해 결정되는 최소 런 길이보다 주기가 작은 신호에 의해 발생하는 위상오차를 위상오차 보정 시 사용하지 않도록 설계하여 잘못된 정보에 의한 위상오차 보정이 일어나지 않도록 하였다 제안된 FD 알고리즘은 주파수를 추적하기 위해 삽입되는 신호인 Sync 신호의 symmetry 특성을 이용하여 샘플패턴을 검출하도록 하여 기존의 주파수 오차 보정 알고리즘보다 향상된 주파수 추적 성능을 가지도록 하였다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.248-258
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• 1997

The analytical solutions of the Fraunhofer Diffraction(FD) theory and the principle for measurement of the dispersion relation of plasma wave is presented. Especially, the method for measurement of low-frequency wave is discussed. The wavenumbers of the density fluctuations are obtained from the curve fitting between the expremental FD profile and theoretical one for each frequency component. In measurement of the wavenumber of the low -frequency region, the information of the wavenumber is easily obtained from the ratio of the intensity at = 0 to the intensity at =0.5. The millimeter wave FD apparatus was designed to measure low-frequency density fluctuations. The determined wavenumbers are in the range of =0.1~ 1.0cm. Thus, the millimeter wave FD method was shown to be useful for the measurement of low-frequency density fluctuations, which are impossible to be measured by using a convention. Thomson scattering. The obtained dispersion relations will be useful information for plasma waves.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.183-187
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• 2007

Fractal mathematics is being highlighted as a research method for classification of image. But the application of Fractal dimension(FD) has been requited the complicated calculation method because of its complex repetition progressing. In this paper, it has been developed the new approach method to express the Fractal Dimension(FD) for aging level calculation and estimation system of outside insulator using special image processing algorithm. As a result after FD testing, the recognized aging estimation of FD has a very characteristics compared to the conventional visual inspection.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 유기절연재료 방전 플라즈마
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• pp.55-58
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• 2000

Fractal mathematics is being highlighted as a research method for classification of image. But the application of Fractal dimension(FD) has been required the complicated calculation method because of its complex repetition progressing. In this paper, it has been developed the new approach method to express the Fractal Dimension(FD) for aging level calculation and estimation system of outside insulator using special image processing algorithm. As a result after FD testing, the recognized aging estimation of FD has a very characteristics compared to the conventional visual inspection.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.421-427
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• 2022

McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is a rare multisystem disorder characterized by a clinical triad of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (FD), skin pigmentation, and hyperfunctioning endocrinopathies. A 42-year-old man visited our medical hospital for the treatment of intermittent headaches and was diagnosed with MAS with acromegaly. This patient showed various clinical features of MAS, including pituitary adenoma, polyostotic FD, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. The FD lesions showed characteristic radiographic features, such as widespread, sclerotic bony lesions in the cranial bones, mixed radiolucent-radiopaque multilocular lesions in the mandible, and radiolucent lesions in the axial and appendicular skeleton. Over the years, the patient had been hospitalized multiple times due to accidental bony fractures associated with the fragile bony state of FD. This report presents a retrospective description of a case of MAS, with a review of the relevant literature.