• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.629-634
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The aim of this experiments was to show anti-obesity effects of Korean solar salt from different salt fields in diet-induced obese mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: Diet-induced obesity (DIO) was induced by a high-fat diet (HFD; 45% cal from fat) in C57BL/6J mice for eight weeks. The mice were fed with the designated diets (chow diet for Normal, HFD for Control, 0.47%-salt-mixed HFD for purified salt (PS), Guerande solar salt from France (SS-G), solar salt from Y salt field (SS-Y), solar salts from T salt field (SS-T) and S salt field (SS-S)) for another eight weeks. We checked body weight, food efficiency ratio (FER) and tissue weights (liver and epididymal adipose tissue (EAT)), and observed serum concentrations of triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), leptin and insulin. We also evaluated gene expressions of adipogenic / lipogenic mRNAs of $C/EBP{\alpha}$, $PPAR{\gamma}$ and FAS and beta-oxidation-related factors ($PPAR{\alpha}$ and CPT-1) in liver and EAT. The mineral composition of salt samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). RESULTS: SS-T and SS-S significantly reduced body weight gain, FER, and weight of EAT compared to control and other samples (P < 0.05). SS-T and SS-S also significantly decreased serum levels of TG, TC, leptin and insulin (P < 0.05). SS-T and SS-S suppressed expressions of adipogenic / lipogenic mRNAs in liver and EAT, while promoting expression of beta-oxidation-related factors. The lowest sodium concentration was observed in SS-T ($30.30{\pm}0.59%$), and the lowest sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio was found in SS-S (17.81). CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that well-processed Korean solar salt may have anti-obesity effects in vivo, probably owing to its differences in mineral composition and other components, presumably resulting from the manufacturing processes. Further research is needed into the mechanism and to explore optimal manufacturing processes.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.300-307
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• 2010

This study examined the effects of the dietary inclusion of various concentrations of red ginseng byproduct (RB) and a mixture containing red ginseng byproduct, garlic extract, yeast and filler (CR) on the growth, body composition, serum chemistry, and lysozyme activity of juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Juvenile fish (n= 630) weighing 5.0 g were randomly distributed into 21 180 L flow-through tanks (30 fish/tank). Seven experimental diets were prepared in triplicate: a control diet without additive, and diets containing 0.5, 1 and 2% concentrations of RB (RB-0.5, RB-1, RB-2) and CR (CR-0.5, CR-1, CR-2) at the expense of wheat flour. After an 8-week feeding trial, serum chemistry and lysozyme activity of fish were measured. Mean weight gain was significantly higher in fish fed the control diet than in fish fed the RB and CR diets. The dietary inclusion of RB and CR reduced feed utilization. Mean serum glucose and triglyceride (TG) levels were higher in fish fed the control diet than in fish fed the other diets. Mean glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) levels of fish fed the control and RB-2 diets were higher than those of fish fed the RB-0.5, RB-1, CR-1, and CR-2 diets. Mean lysozyme activity levels of fish fed the RB-0.5 and RB-1 diets were higher than those of fish fed the control and CR diets. The results of this study indicate that red ginseng byproduct may be utilized as an immunostimulant rather than as a growth promoter for juvenile olive flounder. Dietary inclusion of 0.5% red ginseng byproduct effectively improved serum glucose, GPT, TG, and lysozyme activity of the fish in this study.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.294-299
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• 2010

The effects of dietary nutrient composition on compensatory growth of grower olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) under different feeding regimes at suboptimal temperature were determined. Four hundred five fish weighing 271.2 g were distributed into 27 300 L flow-through tanks (15 fish per tank). Nine treatments were prepared in triplicate: fish were hand-fed with control (C) diet for 12 weeks (12WF-C); four groups of fish were starved for 1 week and then fed C, high-protein (HP), high-lipid (HL), or combined high-protein and high-lipid (HPL) diets for 11 weeks; these groups are referred to as 11WF-C, 11WF-HP, 11WF-HL, and 11WF-HPL, respectively. Four other groups of fish were starved for 2 weeks and then fed C, HP, HL, and HPL diets for 10 weeks; these groups are referred to as 10WF-C, 10WF-HP, 10WF-HL, and 10WF-HPL, respectively. Weight gain and specific growth rate of fish from 12WF-C group were greater than those of fish from 11WF-C, 11WF-HP, 11WF-HL, 10WF-C, 10WFHP, and 10WF-HL groups, but not different from those of fish from 11WF-HPL and 10WF-HPL groups. Feed-efficiency ratio of fish from 12WF-C, 11WF-HP, 11WF-HPL, 10WF-HL, and 10WF-HPL groups was higher than that of fish in 11WF-C, 11WF-HL, 10WF-C, and 10WF-HP groups. The results of this study demonstrated that grower olive flounder subjected to 1- or 2-week feed deprivation were able to achieve full compensatory growth at suboptimal temperature only when fed HPL diet.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.324-331
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• 2010

Seasonal variation in seaweed biomass was examined along vertical shore gradients on the rocky shores of Nachido and Odo Islands, the Yellow Sea, Korea, from August 2007 to April 2008. The average annual biomass of seaweed was 404.07 g wet wt/$m^2$, with seasonal variation from 232.61 g in the spring to 754.90 g wet wt/$m^2$ in the summer at Nachido Island. At Odo Island, average biomass was 270.82 g wet wt/$m^2$ and ranged from 48.35 g in the winter to 451.66 g wet wt/$m^2$ in the spring. Seaweed biomass exhibited an even distribution across the shore gradient from the high intertidal zone to -5 m depth at Nachido Island, whereas seaweed biomass was concentrated from the mid intertidal zone to -1 m depth in the subtidal zone at Odo Island. Sargassum thunbergii was the most dominant species, occupying 28.24% (114.12 g wet wt/$m^2$) and 36.57% (99.05 g wet wt/$m^2$) of total biomass at Nachido and Odo Islands, respectively. Subdominant seaweed species was Gelidium amansii, comprising 15.23% (61.52 g wet wt/$m^2$) and 14.70% (39.82 g wet wt/$m^2$) of total biomass at Nachido and Odo Islands, respectively. Dominant functional group was the coarsely branched-form group, which grows under moderate environmental conditions and comprised 93.34% (377.15 g wet wt/$m^2$) and 66.96% (181.35-g wet wt/$m^2$) of total biomass at Nachido and Odo Islands, respectively. Percentage biomass of sheet-form seaweeds growing at relatively disturbed and polluted areas was approximately 20.83% (56.40 g wet wt/$m^2$) of total biomass along the Odo rocky shore. Based on the biomass and functional-form composition of seaweeds, we concluded that Nachido Island provides better environmental conditions than does Odo Island. In addition, the vertical distribution and dominant species of seaweeds on the two islands were very similar, but the functional-form composition of seaweeds at Nachido Island differed slightly from that at Odo Island.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.199-204
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• 2009

목 적: 아데노바이러스 early region 3 (E3) 유전자 단백은 세포독성 세포와 다양한 싸이토카인이 매개하는 세포파괴를 저해하는 기능을 한다. 본 연구는 E3 유전자의 다양성이 아데노바이러스의 분자생물학적 다양성을 설명할 수 있는지 밝히기 위하여 시행되었다. 방 법: 1990년부터 2000년까지 10년 동안 서울대학교 어린이병원에서 하기도 감염증으로 치료받은 소아로부터 분리 된 3형 아데노바이러스 14 주를 대상으로 하여 E3 유전자의 변이와 유전체형과의 연관성을 분석하였다. 결 과: 3형 아데노바이러스의 E3 유전자는 표준 주(M15952)와 비교하여 98%의 일치도를 보였으며, 국내 분리 주간의 일치도는 98.7%이었다. 아미노산 서열의 변이는 20.1 kDa, 20.6kDa, truncated 7.7 kDa, 10.3 kDa, 14.9 kDa, 그리고 15.3kDa에 나타났다. 또한, 14 주 모두에서 truncated 7.7 kDa의 시작 코돈에 missense 변이가 있었으며, 58개(10주) 혹은 94개(4주)의 염기쌍이 소실되는 변이가 동반되었다. 유전체형에 따른 E3 유전자의 변이는 대개 유전체형에 특이하게 나타나 연관성이 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 결 론: 3형 아데노바이러스 주의 면역기능 조절 유전자 E3의 다양성은 유전체형과의 연관성이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.420-428
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 Sprague-Dawley 종 흰 쥐 수컷을 정상 대조군 (C), 알코올 군 (E), 알코올 + 100 mg/kgBW 곤드레 에탄올 추출물군 (E+LCS), 알코올 + 500 mg/kgBW 곤드레 에탄올 추출물군 (E+HCS)으로 나누어 Lieber-DeCarli control diet 혹은 Lieber-DeCarli ethanol diet를 8주간 공급하였으며, 이때 곤드레 에탄올 추출물은 액상 사료에 직접 섞어 공급하였다. 알코올과 곤드레 에탄올 추출물의 식이 공급 종료 후 간 조직의 지방구 축적 정도를 살펴본 결과, E+LCS군과 E+HSC군은 E군에 비해 지방간 발생이 유의적으로 억제되었으며, 정상 대조군인 C군과 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 이와 비슷하게, 곤드레 에탄올 추출물의 공급은 알코올에 의해 증가된 간 조직과 혈청의 중성지방 농도를 유의적으로 낮추었으며, 혈청 AST와 혈청 ALT 활성도 정상 대조군 수준으로 회복시키는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 곤드레 에탄올 추출물의 공급은 p-AMPK과 p-ACC 단백질 수준을 농도 의존적으로 증가시켰으며, 두 단백질 모두 E군에 비해 E+HSC군에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 또한 FAS mRNA와 SCD1 mRNA 수준은 E군에 비해 E+HSC군에서 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다. 곤드레 에탄올 추출물은 간 조직에서 알코올 공급에 의해 증가된 $NF{\kappa}B$의 활성을 유의적으로 낮추었으며, $NF{\kappa}B$의 표적 단백질인 $TNF{\alpha}$ 단백질 수준을 농도의존적으로 낮추었다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 곤드레는 알코올에 의한 지방간 발생 및 관련된 간 손상을 유의적으로 억제할 수 있음을 확인하였으며 이 과정에서 AMPK 활성 증가와 $NF{\kappa}B$ 활성 억제가 관여함을 제시하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.545-552
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• 2017

Julbernardia globiflora는 미옴보 숲에 널리 분포하는 열대 아프리카 나무로, 우울증, 위장장애 등의 치료를 위해 민간요법으로 사용되고 있으나, 항산화능, 항암 활성 등에 대한 연구는 알려진 바가 없다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 J. globiflora 메탄올 추출물(MEJG)을 사용하여 항산화능 및 인체 대장암 세포주인 HT29에 대한 항암 활성에 관하여 분석하였다. 먼저 DPPH radical scavenging activity를 통해 분석한 결과, MEJG의 $IC_{50}$는 $1.23{\mu}g/ml$로 강력한 항산화능을 보유하였음을 확인하였다. 또한 MEJG 농도 의존적으로 HT29 세포의 성장을 억제하였다. MEJG의 HT29 세포 사멸 효과의 기전을 분석하기 위하여 Annexin V 염색과 DAPI 염색을 수행한 결과, 대조군에 비하여 apoptotic 세포 및 apoptotic body가 증가됨을 확인하였다. 또한 apoptosis 관련 단백질들의 발현변화를 분석한 결과, MEJG처리에 의해 사멸수용체인 Fas와 pro-apoptotic 단백질인 Bax의 발현이 증가되었으며, anti-apoptotic 단백질인 Bcl-2의 발현이 감소하였다. 이러한 결과로 cytochrome c가 미토콘드리아에서 세포질로 방출되어 증가되었으며, caspase-3, -8, -9가 활성화되었다. 최종적으로 PARP가 분해되어 apoptosis가 유도되었음을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과들로부터 MEJG는 내인성 및 외인성 경로를 통한 apoptosis 유도에 의하여 HT29 세포의 증식을 억제하는 항암활성을 보유하였음을 확인하였다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.160-166
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• 2006

We explored the possibilities of using the freshwater rotifer Brachionus angularis as a live food for small fishes cultured in fresh- or brackish waters. Brachionus angularis were collected from a reservoir for isolation and laboratory culture. Length and width of the lorica were $102.3{\mu}m$ and $76.6{\mu}m$, respectively, and those of amictic eggs were $64.4{\mu}m\;and\;47.9{\mu}m$, respectively. When their growth rates were examined at six different temperatures, i.e., 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and $40^{\circ}C$, the highest daily growth rate of 0.801 was observed at $35^{\circ}C$, and growth was lower with decreasing temperature. Adaptation to salinity change was evaluated with two different modes of salinity increase: step-wise elevation lasting for short durations of 5 to 30 min or a long duration of 24 h. With the short duration modes, no individuals survived salinity higher than 10 psu, and the number of live individuals did not increase throughout the experiment. However, in the 24-h elevation, the number of individuals increased when salinity was elevated by 1 to 2 psu per day for the first 2 or 3 days, while no increase in number occurred at salinity increments higher than 3 psu per day. In addition, to assess the effect of different diets, four single-component diets (Chlorella vulgaris, Nannochloris sp., baker's yeast, or dry yeast) and three combination diets (C. vulgaris + Nannochloris sp. + baker's yeast + dry yeast; C. vulgaris 70% + baker's yeast 30%; C. vulgaris 30% + baker's yeast 70%) were used. The specific growth rates of B. angularis fed combination diets were higher than those of rotifers fed any single-component diet, with the highest rate of 0.648 in B. angularis fed a mixture of C. vulgaris, Nannochloris sp., baker's yeast, and dry yeast, and the lowest rate of 0.200 in those fed dry yeast only. Our results indicate that the freshwater rotifer B. angularis can be used for seedling production of both freshwater and brackish-water fishes that require small (less than about $120{\mu}m$) live food during their early stages.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.13-31
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• 2016

Objectives In this study, it was investigated whether Gami-Handayeolso-Tang (HDYST) medication has anti-obesity effects in high fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice. Methods The experimental animals were divided into five groups-normal diet-fed (ND), high fat diet-fed control (HFD), HFD+HDYST 150, HFD+HDYST 300, and HFD+orlistat as a positive drug. The obese markers such as body weight, diet efficiency ratio, serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, lipid contents, leptin, adiponectin, and GOT/GPT were measured. Also, white adipose tissue, liver weight, abdominal fat mass, hepatic lipid contents, and mRNA expression of obese-associating genes were examined in obese mice. Results In high fat diet-fed mice, HDYST administration significantly decreased body weight, diet efficiency ratio, serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, as well as leptin and GOT/GPT, compared to the HFD group in a dose-dependent manner. HDYST increased significantly the serum levels of HDL-cholesterol and adiponectin. It also reduced the accumulation of lipids, such as total lipid and triglycerides, in organs such as liver and abdominal adipose tissue. Moreover, HDYST administration significantly decreased the expression levels of fatty acid synthetic genes, such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), FAS and Stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD-1), in the liver tissues, while it increased the messenger RAN (mRNA) levels of fatty acid catalytic genes, such as Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPAR-${\alpha}$), acyl-COA oxidase (ACO), and Carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1a (CPT-1a). Conclusions Based on the results above, HDYST reveals anti-obesity effects declining body fat accumulation through the regulation of fatty acid metabolism and leptin/adiponectin serum levels. It therefore suggests that HDYST can be clinically useful for the treatment of obesity.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.66-74
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• 2018

Background: Tumor response to anticancer therapies can much be influenced by microenvironmental factors. In this study, we determined the effect of these microenvironmental factors on DNA methylation using A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line. Materials and Methods: We subjected A549 cells to various conditions mimicking tumor microenvironment including hypoxia, acidosis (sodium lactate), oxidative stress ($H_2O_2$), bystander effect (supernatant from doxorubicin (Dox)-treated or irradiated cells), and immune cell infiltration (supernatant from THP-1 or Jurkat T cells). Genomic DNA was isolated from these cells and analyzed for DNA methylation. Clonogenic cell survival, gene expression, and metabolism were analyzed in cells treated with some of these conditions. Results and Discussion: We found that DNA methylation level was significantly decreased in A549 cells treated with conditioned media from Dox-treated cells or Jurkat T cells, or sodium lactate, indicating an active transcription. To determine whether the decreased DNA methylation affects radiation sensitivity, we exposed cells to these conditions followed by 6 Gy irradiation and found that cell survival was significantly increased by sodium lactate while it was decreased by conditioned media from Dox-treated cells. We further observed that cells treated with conditioned media from Dox-treated cells exhibited significant changes in expression of genes including BAX and FAS (involved in apoptosis), NADPH dehydrogenase (mitochondria), EGFR (cellular survival) and RAD51 (DNA damage repair) while sodium lactate increased cellular metabolism rather than changing the gene expression. Conclusion: Our results suggest that various tumor microenvironmental factors can differentially influence DNA methylation and hence radiosensitivity and gene expression in A549 cancer cells.