• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.94.3-95
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• 2003

Familial form of Alzheimer's disease (FAD) is caused by mutations in presenilin-l (PS-1) and presenilin-2 (PS-2). PS1 and PS2 mutation are known to similar effects on the production of amyloid peptide (A ) and cause of neuronal cell dath in the brain of patient of Alzheimer's disease. The importance of the alternation of cellular calcium homeostasis in the neuronal cell death by PS1 mutation in a variety of experimental systems has been demonstrated. However, no studies on the effect of PS2 of mutant PS2 on cellular calcium homeostasis, and relevance of its change to neuronal cell vulnerability against neurotoxins have been reported. (omitted)

• BMB Reports
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.287-295
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• 1998

Acetolactate synthase (ALS) is the first common enzyme in the biosynthesis of L-Ieucine, L-isoleucine, and L-valine. The sulfonylurea-resistant ALS gene from Nicotiana tabacum was cloned into the bacterial expression vector pGEX-2T. The resulting recombinant plasmid pGEX-ALS3 was used to transform Escherichia coli strain XL1-Blue, and the mutant tobacco ALS (mALS) was expressed in the bacteria as a protein fused with glutathione S-transferase (GST). The fusion product GST-mALS was purified in a single step on a glutathione-Sepharose column. ALS activities of 0.9-2.5 ${\mu}mol/min/mg$ protein were observed in the GST-mALS, and the Km values for pyruvate, FAD, and TPP were 10.8-24.1, $(1.9-8.9){\times}10^{-3}$, and 0.14-0.38 mM, respectively. The purified GST-mALS was resistant to both the sulfonylurea and the triazolopyrimidine herbicides, and lost its sensitivity to end products, L-valine and L-leucine. For comparision, the tobacco wild-type recombinant ALS fused with GST, GST-wALS, was also characterized with respect to its pyruvate and cofactor bindings. These results suggest that the purified mutant recombinant tobacco ALS was functionally active, that the mutations resulting in herbicide resistance has affected pyruvate and cofactor bindings," and that the two classes of herbicides interact at a common site on the plant ALS.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.80-92
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• 2017

Fashion trend is more than a social phenomenon that multitudes of people accept as popular styles of clothing. The purpose of this study was to understand the influence of fashion trend over time and distance. Geographically thousands of miles apart, the U.S. has strongly influenced fashion in Korea, revealed by references and historic depictions collected from literature and web sites. Results of the study are summarized as five issues: First, emergence of female missionaries from the U.S. American missionaries working in the late Great Korean Empire performed a significant role importing Western culture to Korea. Second, as opportunities of education increased, women studying abroad introduced Western fashion to Koreans when they returned to Korea. They were more open to Western culture than other Koreans and moderately harmonized their Korean sentiment and Western culture, mitigating cultural shock and enabled other Koreans to accept Western culture. Third, the effect of fashionistas on media. Singers working for U.S. armies stationed in Korea and movie stars appearing in Hollywood movies profoundly affected Korean pop culture and fashion trends in Korea. Fourth, following First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy of the U.S. She was an influential figure in those days and a fashion leader as well. Lastly, acceptance of working girl fashion depicted in American television shows. American working girls depicted on American TV shows were highly admired by young Korean women, so the fashion of American working girls became a major fad among young Korean women.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.37-41
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the recent resurgence of popularism and the possible impacts it may have on contemporary business and economics. Research design, data and methodology: This is an exploratory case study that examines the rise of popularism and identifies and analyzes the likely implications for contemporary business and economics. Results: Although populists tend to reject elitism, capitalism, economic globalization, and political establishment, their ethnocentric behavior is no different from those of the corrupt political and economic elites. Popularism does enable nationalism and protectionism and negatively impacts business and economic growth. Conclusions: Popularism existed for a long time, and this phenomenon will continue to exist as long as a triggered mechanism exist, e.g., income inequality, resurgence of immigration, recession, insufficient factors of resources and social welfare. The recent rise of popularism is not a fad or a short-lived anti-establishment and anti-elitism movements but, rather, a force to be reckoned with in the near future. The rise of economic nationalism limits international trade, integration, and cooperation. As a result, international capital, service, and product flows will decline, and countries and multinational corporations have to develop and restructure their international supply and value chain to cope with this phenomenon.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.1169-1176
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• 2007

Genes encoding proteins responsible for limonene catabolism were cloned from a limonene-degrading microorganism, Enterobacter cowanii 6L, which was isolated from citron (Citrus junos) peel. The 8.6, 4.7, and 7.7 kb fragments (CD3, CD4, and CD6) of E. cowanii 6L chromosomal DNA that confer to E. coli the ability to grow on limonene have been cloned and their corresponding DNA sequences were determined. Nine open reading frames (ORFs) were identified, and the four ORFs (921 bp of CD3-2; 1,515 bp of CD4-1; 1,776 bp of CD6-1; and 1,356 bp of CD6-2) that encode limonene hydroxylase were confirmed by independently expressing these genes in E. coli. FAD and NADH were found to stimulate the hydroxylation reaction if added to cell extracts from E. coli recombinants, and multiple compounds (linalool, dihydrolinalool, perillyl alcohol, (${\alpha}-terpineol$, and ${\gamma}-terpineol$) were the principal products observed. Our results suggest that the isolate E. cowanii 6L has a broad metabolic capability including utilization of limonene. This broad metabolic ability was confirmed by identifying four novel limonene hydroxylase functional ORFs in E. cowanii 6L.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.15-28
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to develop a family functioning scale that is suitable for Korean families. The data for this study were obtained from a survey on a sample of 350 mothers of school-age children, who were living in Seoul, Kyunggi-do, and other cities of Korea. The major findings ate as follows; 1) Through the item discrimination test, 63 of the 77 items were found to be significant, thus deemed acceptable. The level of discrimination indices of the 63 items ranged from .38 to .84. 2) A factor analysis was conducted on the 63 items. Six different factors (Emotional Support, Family Intimacy, Respect for Autonomy, Communication, Family Rules, Time Spent Together) emerged for 37 items. The six factors accounted for 56.51% of total variance. 3) A multiple regression analysis was conducted to reduce the number of items, and the final 36 items were selected for the Family Functioning Scale. 4) The reliability measured by the internal consistency of the 36 items was high (Cronbach's a =.93). 5) The Family Functioning Scale was found to have a significant correlation with FACESIII(r=.80) as well as with FAD(r=.78).

• Archives of design research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.237-246
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• 1999

The study ooramed has the meanngs as a goal, to examine a character and changes of function a "Maru" in the literatures historically. Methodically the literatures in the temporal oonsequences were selected, and the "Maru", whidl oomes into it, was interpreted in its historical oonnections. By the investigation I oould oome to the following results. First of all, those terms "Maru" and "Daechll1Q" were cfifferently used after the sizes and p1ares of the spaces concerned. I.e, the "Maru" in the center of the house is called "Daed1ung", With the Maru does not concern actually its p1are, Secondly, the functions of the spare "Maru" are characterized as follows. ·Space for the important ceremonies ·Spare for the passage and the switching of two or several spaces. ·Determination of the hierardly of spares in the whole house. ·Spare for the receipt. ·Spare for sleeping and for living. ·Spare for work, storage etc. Thirdly, the meanings of the "Maru" were dlanged as follows in the time. ·The term "Man! was used from the past to today without interrujjion. Arot.l1d 1930 the tenns "Yangsil" and "Geosil" for the tenn "Maru" were emerged. ·The different dlaraderistics for the space "Maru" are found in the cortemporary literatures only rare. This thing explains itself by the fad that the "Maru" becomes the inner-spare after 1900 by the restructuring of the dwelling spares.hing explains itself by the fad that the "Maru" becomes the inner-spare after 1900 by the restructuring of the dwelling spares.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.8-16
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• 2013

A GAL4 type transcription factor gene (formally annotated as AN3912) locating downstream of sndA (AN3911) was characterized. The putative transcription factor carries both Zn(II)2Cys6 binuclear cluster DNA-binding domain and transcription activator domain. The gene named gtfA (gal4 type transcription factor) had an open reading frame which consisted of 762 amino acids and was disrupted by three introns. The deletion mutant produced reduced amount of conidia but increased amount of fruiting bodies, suggesting that the GtfA make function in decision of asexual preferential to sexual development. The forced over expression of gtfA caused the retardation of fruiting body formation on high glucose concentration. The transcript level of gtfA was kept constant through the life cycle except late vegetative stage and early sexual development stage during which slight increase was found. The expression of gtfA was not significantly affected by sexual or asexual development regulators, such as VeA, NsdD or FluG, FadA, and SfaD. The GtfA repressed the nsdC transcription, which suggested that GftA control sexual development negatively via negative regulation of nsdC expression.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.194-200
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• 2014

Monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) is an important enzyme that plays a role in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by maintaining reduced pool of ascorbate through recycling the oxidized form of ascorbate. In this study, we isolated a PagMDHAR1 gene from Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa, and investigated its expression characteristics. The PagMDHAR1 cDNA encodes a putative 434 amino acids containing FAD- and NAD(P)H-binding domains. Southern blot analysis indicated that a single nuclear gene encodes this enzyme. Northern hybridization analysis revealed that PagMDHAR1 is highly expressed in both suspension cells and flower tissues, while its expression levels were enhanced by drought, salt, cold, wounding and ABA. Therefore, PagMDHAR1 might be expressed in response to abiotic stress through the ABA-mediated signaling pathway in this poplar species, suggesting that the PagMDHAR1 plays an important role in the defense mechanisms against oxidative stress.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.29-38
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• 1998

In order to elucidate the effect of phenobarbital sodium(PB) and 3-methylcholanthrene(3-MC) on metabolism in vitro and toxicity of $^{14}C$-carbofuran in rat, they were administered by the chemicals, alone or in combination, and their survival ratios and metabolites were investigated. The $LD_{50}$(96 hrs) value of carbofuran to rats was 6.9 mg/kg. The toxicities of the major metabolites were in the decreasing order of 3-hydroxycarbofuran, 3-ketocarbofuran, 3-hydroxycarbofuran phenol and were much lower than that of the parent compound. When the rats were orally administered by the dose of carbofuran alone, 8.4 mg/kg, the survival ratio was 0%, whereas that was raised up to $60{\sim}80%$ with 20 mg/kg of PB or 3-MC, and 100% with 60 mg/kg of PB or 3-MC. Their metabolism in vitro occurred in the microsomal fraction. In case of carbofuran alone, the major metabolite was 3-hydroxycarbofuran. When carbofuran with PB or 3-MC, on the other hand, was treated, it was 3-ketocarbofuran. In addition, when the co-factor(NADP+G-6-P+G-6-P-DG) was added to the microsomal fraction(phase I system), and a mixture of NADPH+GSH to the 105,000g supernatant(phase II system) taken by carbofuran alone, each metabolites were produced by the maximum levels, respectively. In case of the carbofuran treatment with PB or 3-MC, the microsomal fraction of phase I system produced the maximum levels of metabolites, as in the treatment of carbofuran alone, whereas the 105,000g supernatant supplemented with the co-factor NADPH+FAD(phase II system) was brought about the maximum production of metabolites. The ratio of the formation of metabolites was 2 to 3 times higher in the combined treatment of carbofuran with PB or 3-MC than in the treatment of carbofuran alone.