• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.41-48
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• 1986

This study was fulfilled by the weighing lysimeter method at the experimental farm of KonKuk University from April to June of 1986 to investgate the amount of evapotranspiration ( ET-lettuec )by the growing periods, evapotranspiration ratio, amount of watering per one time, days of intermission and soil moisture extraction pattern of the crisphead lettuce cultivated in the clay loam soil by different watering points of pFl.7, pF2.O, pF2.7. The results obtained are summar ized as follows : 1.The total evapotranspiration(ETlettuce) of the pFl.7 treatment plot was 358,9mm., 314.9mm in the pF2.O plot and 281.8mm in the pF2.7 plot, therefore the total ETlettuec increased with the difference of 33mm-44mm by the decrease of watering point. 2.The daily maximum ETlettuce by the watering points was 7.66mm, 6:54mm, 5.98mm, respectively in the last ten days of May, and the mean daily ETlettuce during the growing season by the watering points of pFl.7, pF2.O and pF2.7 was 5.44mm(384.5g), 4.77mm(337.2g) and 4.27mm(301.8g), respectively. 3.The evapotranspiration ratio showed maximum value in the middle of May which was the beginning of mid-season stage, and the mean evapotranspiration ratio during the total growing period was 1A7, 1.29, 1.15 by the watering points. 4.The days of watering intermission by the watering points of pFl.7, pF2.O and pF2.7 was 1.0day, 2.9days and 12.Sdays, respectively. 5.The yield of the crisphead lettuce by the watering treatments showed very high significance, and the pF2.O was confirmed as a optimum watering point. 6.The soil moisture extraction pattern(SMEP) of the pF2.0 treatment plot in the initial stage was 85.6% in the 1st and 2nd soil layer and 14.4% in the 3rd and 4th layer, and in the midseason stage, the moisture extraction proportion of the under layer accounted for 34.7%which showed that the root elongated to the lowest soil layer, and there was no difference of the SMEP between the mid-season and late-season stage. 7.The correlation coefficient between the ETlettuce and yield of lettuce by the three watering points was.739, which showed the significance of 5%.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.318-329
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• 2014

In order to gain insight into the physiological responses of plants to high temperature stress, the effects of temperature on Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris subsp. napus var. pekinensis cv. Detong) were investigated through analyses of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence under 3 different temperatures in the temperature gradient tunnel. Growth (leaf length and number of leaves) during the rosette stage was greater at ambient $+4^{\circ}C$ and ambient $+7^{\circ}C$ temperatures than at ambient temperature. Photosynthetic $CO_2$ fixation rates of Chinese cabbage grown under the different temperatures did not differ significantly. However, dark respiration rate was significantly higher in the cabbage that developed under ambient temperature relative to elevated temperature. Furthermore, elevated growth temperature increased transpiration rate and stomatal conductance resulting in an overall decrease of water use efficiency. The chlorophyll a fluorescence transient was also considerably affected by high temperature stress; the fluorescence yield $F_J$, $F_I$, and $F_P$ decreased considerably at ambient $+4^{\circ}C$ and ambient $+7^{\circ}C$ temperatures, with induction of $F_K$ and decrease of $F_V/F_O$. The values of RC/CS, ABS/CS, TRo/CS, and ETo/CS decreased considerably, while DIo/CS increased with increased growth temperature. The symptoms of soft-rot disease were observed in the inner part of the cabbage heads after 7, 9, and/or 10 weeks of cultivation at ambient $+4^{\circ}C$ and ambient $+7^{\circ}C$ temperatures, but not in the cabbage heads growing at ambient temperature. These results show that Chinese cabbage could be negatively affected by high temperature under a future climate change scenario. Therefore, to maintain the high productivity and quality of Chinese cabbage, it may be necessary to develop new high temperature tolerant cultivars or to markedly improve cropping systems. In addition, it would be possible to use the non-invasive fluorescence parameters $F_O$, $F_V/F_M$, and $F_V/F_O$, as well as $F_K$, $M_O$, $S_M$, RC/CS, ETo/CS, $PI_{abs}$, and $SFI_{abs}$ (which were selected in this study), to quantitatively determine the physiological status of plants in response to high temperature stresses.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.235-237
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• 1982

$F_2$ progenies from the crosses between 'Caribo' monosomic lines and 'Diplomat' revealed significant differences in plant height in 7 $F_2$ populations. Well known effects of monosomic constritution of group 2 homoeologues and chromosome 5A sufficiently well explain reduced or increased plant height in these crosses respectively. Minor gene effects were recognized from 'Diplomat' chromosomes 3B, 6A and 7A and interpreted to explain or to contribute to genetic control of the rather small differences in plant height between cv. 'Caribo' and 'Diplomat'.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.556-562
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• 1989

The bioconversion of mandarin orange peel press liquor to single cell protein (SCP) by two yeast strains, F-60, and C-7, which were isolated from mandarin orange peel was carried out and compared with that of using Candida utilis IFO 0598. Experiments were directed toward the high yield of biomass and high protein in cultures of the strains mentioned above. Candida utilis IFO 0598, F-60 and C-7 strains were cultivated at 3$0^{\circ}C$, pH 5.2 for 3 days in shaking flasks. The effects of some nutrients on cell growth were studied. Cell mass and protein content per cell mass were increased by addition of urea 1%, KH$_2$PO$_4$ 0.1% and MgSO$_4$ㆍ7$H_2O$ 0.05%, When the F-60 strain cultured under the optimal conditions, cell mass, growth yield and protein content were 41.2g/l, 53.9%, 59.7%, respectively. Cell mass was also increased up to 15% by modifying the fermentation condition on the bench type 20l jar fermentor. Crude fat content (10.3%) of dried C-7 cell was higher than those of C. utilis and F-60, 4.9% and 5.6% respectively. Total protein content of the F-60 strain was 59.7% per dry weight. And we compared their amino acid compositions with that of FAO provisional pattern. In the case of the F-60 strains, amino acid contents such as lysine, leucine and isoleucine were much higher than those of methionine, cystine and tryptophan.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.2
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• pp.365-378
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• 2020

Purpose This study was performed to determine whether the T1 relaxation time of gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver MR imaging is useful for detecting and staging liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease. Materials and Methods One hundred and three patients with suspected focal liver lesion underwent MR imaging and Fibroscan. Fibroscan was chosen as the reference standard for classifying liver fibrosis. T1 relaxation times were acquired before (preT1), 20 minutes after (postT1) contrast administration, and reduction rate of T1 relaxation time (rrT1) on transverse 3D VIBE (volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination) sequence using 3T MR imaging. The optimal cut-off values for the fibrosis staging were determined with ROC analysis. Results PreT1 and postT1 increased and rrT1 decreased constantly with increasing severity of liver fibrosis according to the METAVIR score (F0-F4). There were statistically significant differences between F2 and F3 in preT1 (F2, 836.0 ± 74.7 ms; F3, 888.6 ± 77.5 ms, p < 0.05) and between F3 and F4 in postT1 (F3, 309.0 ± 80.2 ms; F4, 406.6 ± 147.7 ms, p < 0.05) and rrT1 (F3, 65.4 ± 7.7%; F4, 57.3 ± 11.4%, p < 0.05). ROC analysis revealed that combination test (preT1 + postT1) was the best test for predicting liver fibrosis. Conclusion PreT1 and postT1 increased constantly with increasing severity of liver fibrosis. T1 mapping in gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver MR imaging could be a helpful complementary sequence to determine the liver fibrosis stage.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1990

By developing a computer simulation code for discharge excited KrF excimer laser, we analyzed mainly the effects of buffer gas for the $KrF^*$ formation. the $KrF^*$ relaxation. and the absorption of the laser radiation. The $KrF^*$ formation efficiency were found to be 7.5%, 19% and the $KrF^*$ relaxation kinetic reactions were found to be 45%, 30% at the charging voltage of 30 KV and He. Ne buffer gas. respectively. But the absorption of the 248 nm laser radiation were less than 10% by the buffer gas.er gas.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.381-387
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• 2014

A series of new $N^7$-tetrazolo[5,1-f ]-1,2,4-triazin-8-(7H)-one derivatives 4-16 were designed and synthesized from 3 with different reagents. The newly prepared compounds were characterized by spectral data and screened for their antimicrobial activities against various bacteria and fungi strains.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.453-458
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• 1997

It is known that the incorporation of genes into transgenic mice is generally stable and is p passed on to succeeding generations in a Mendelian fashion. In this report, transgenic mice were set as a model to evaluate whether the transgenes are transmitted in a Mendelian principle in a successive generations and how they are tran s smitted into their offspring. A 3.0 kb linear DNA fragment, containing the MMTV LTR, bovine aSI casein cDNA and SV 40 splicing and polyadenylation site; was microinjected into fertilized mouse embryos. The tail DNAs of the resulting pups were subjected to dot and Southern hybridizations to screen transgenic founders. The DNAs of their offspring were anlyzed by PCR to confirm the transmission of the transgene from F0. Out of 72 live pups four pups (5.6%), 3 males and 1 female, were positive for the transgene. The rates of transmission from F0 into F1 were 33.3, 7.7, 0, and 62.5%. Those from F1 into F2 were 63.6, 5.9, and 68.8% and those from F2 into F3 were 85.7, and 88.2%. In this report, the transmission pattern of transgenes in transgenic mice into their offspring was demonstrated. It either follows or does not follow in a Mendelian fashion. Deletion or loss of the transgenes from F0 in some lines became apparant to the succeeding generations.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 1998

Comparative studies on some ecological characteristics of three phytoseiid mitespecies (one native; Arnblyseius womersleyi Schica, and two introduced species; A. fallacis Garmanand Typhlodromus occidentalis Nesbit) were carried out. The two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychusurticae Koch) was supplied as prey. Under four constant temperatures of 20, 23, 25 and 30f OS$^{\circ}$C,duration of growth from egg to adult for A. womer.vleyi was 11.5, 7.7, 6.7 and 5.6 days. While twoother species needed slightly shorter time but not significantly different. Critical temperature andeffective degree-days (DD) of A. womerslevi females were 83$^{\circ}$C and 1 1 1.6 DD, whereas those of A..fallacis were 10.7"C and 86.0 DD, and those of 7: occidentalis were 10.7"C and 94.1 DD. Also, thoseof males were similar to their females. Average longevity of females of A. womersleyi, A. fallucisand 7: occidentalis were 18.2 k 8.67, 19.6 3~7.18 and 13.0f5.66 days, total fecundity were 34.3 $-11.93, 39.8k 12.64 and 23.6k8.86, respectively. Under four constant temperatures of 20, 23, 25 and30-t0.S$^{\circ}$C, A. womersleyi consumed 9.1 f2.49, 9.7 k2.00, 9.7 f 2.61, and 10.3 k2.33 eggs of 7:urticae throughout their development. A. ,fizlluc~i.sc onsumed 10.2 k 2.52, 9.7 f2.29, 10.7 f 2.37 and10.1 k2.62 eggs, while, 7: occidentalis consumed 1 1.9 k3.43, 14.2 f4.50, 14.8 k 3.2 1 and 12.7 f2.95 eggs, respectively. Gravid females of A. womersleyi, A. f~zllacis and 7: occidentalis consumed11.4f1.59, 12.5k1.43 and 11.7k3.07 eggs, or consumed 11.9f 2.63, 12.4k3.82, and 12.5f 3.73protonymphs of 7: urticae in a day at 25-30$^{\circ}$C.e in a day at 25-30$^{\circ}$C.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.186-193
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• 1981

Three fractions of carboxymethyl-cellulase (F-I, F-II, and F-III) and ${\beta}-glucosidase$ form Aspergillus niger were partially purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation. Sephadex G-150 and DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography. The optimum conditions such as pH and temperature and thermal inactivation properties of the enzymes were investigated. Arrhenius plots of F-II and F-III appeared as straight lines, whereas that of F-I was biphasic. The Z-values of F-II and F-III were $8^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$ respectively, while that of F-I was $4^{\circ}C$ over $60{\sim}70^{\circ}C$ and $383^{\circ}C$ over $70{\sim}98^{\circ}C$. Three fractions and the crude extract of carboxymethyl-cellulase exhibited a similar optimum pH 4.3 and temperature of $60^{\circ}C$, while Z-value of crude extract $(21.5^{\circ}C)$ was much higher than that of the purified enzyme. Maximum activity of both purified and crude extract of ${\beta}-glucosidase$ was shown at pH 4.7 and $60^{\circ}C$, and z-value of the enzyme was $7^{\circ}C$.