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Current status of fluoride concentration and information labeling of oral hygiene products on the Korean market (국내시판 불소함유 구강위생용품의 실태조사)

  • Oh, Chi-Un;Kim, Kyung-Hee
    • Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.231-240
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    • 2022
  • Objectives: This study was conducted to survey the currently available fluoride-containing oral hygiene products in Korea to provide consumers with information regarding the concentration and form of fluoride in each product, as well as to determine whether the information was easy to understand. Methods: A total of 64 types of domestic commercial oral hygiene products were purchased from an offline market and evaluated. Results: The domestic commercial toothpaste products contained fluoride in the form of sodium fluoride (NaF) and sodium monofluorophosphate (SMFP). In this study, toothpaste containing 1,000 ppm fluoride compounds accounted for the largest proportion (61.5%). Toothpastes containing below 1,000 ppm fluoride accounted for 34.6%, while toothpastes with fluoride above 1,000 ppm fluoride accounted for 3.9%. Toothpaste containing more than 1,000 ppm fluoride has not been popularized domestically. Mouthwash products contained fluoride compounds at less than 300 ppm concentration. Of the five types of mouthwash products, only two types had labels indicating fluoride concentration. In addition, the location of the labels indicating fluoride concentration differed between manufacturers and even within the same manufacturer. Conclusions: It is important to popularize toothpaste with fluoride levels above 1,000 ppm so that a broader selection of toothpaste can be offered to consumers in need. Standardized information needs to be provided for consumer convenience to aid in choosing appropriate oral hygiene products.

Seedling Growth and Nutrients Uptake in Hybrid Rice (벼 1대잡종의 묘생육과 양분흡수)

  • Lee, Deog-Bae;Kwon, Tae-Oh;Lee, Jae-Kil;Park, Suk-Hong
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.40 no.3
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    • pp.391-397
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    • 1995
  • This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of the seedling growth and nutrients uptake at 45 day seedlings in cytoplasmic genetic male sterile lines(HR7028A, IR54756A), their restore line (Yongmoonbyeo) and check variety (Changsungbyeo). Hybrid rices had longer and more roots, heavier dry weight and lower shoot /root ratio than their parents and inbred check variety, showing heterobeltiosis in absorbed amount of inorganic elements, content of total sugar, starch and chlorophyll in plant. Different magnitude of heterobeltiosis were shown between F$_1$ hybrid rices with the same restore line; HR7028A/Yongmoonbyeo had higher heterobeltiosis than IR54756A/Yongmoonbyeo did. Hybrid rices had more number and higher $\alpha$-naphthylamine oxidizing ability of newly-grown roots in 10 day sand culture in ground water with root-cut 45 day-seedling than parental lines and inbred variety. Nunber of the newly-grown roots were positively and significantly correlated with content of total sugar, starch and absorbed amount of inorganic elements in the shoot, and content of chlorophyll in the leaf.

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Native Hawaiian Collection Systems in Lava Tubes(Caves) and Fault Cracks: Puna - Ka'u Districts, Hawaii

  • Martin, James F.
    • Journal of the speleological society of Korea
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    • no.4
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    • pp.41-50
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    • 1996
  • The coastal plains of the Puna and Ka' u Districts of the island of Hawaii are a contradiction to the popular view that the island of Hawaii is a tropical rain forest or a vegetated landscape with abundant water sour This section of the island lies in the rain shadow of Mauna Loa a Kilauea Volcanoes and receives less than 30 inches of annual precipita When rain does come. it is in the form of sudden down pours. givi residents of the area little time to collect and conserve water. Due to porous nature of the rock. there is no standing surface water. In spite of these harsh climatic conditions. archeological evidence indic that an extensive agriculture complex existed not only along the coast. into the most remote parts of what is called the Ka'u Desert. Pass through these agricultural areas are historic and pre - historic t systems. These trail systems apparently played a significant suppor role for exchange between the ahupua's (classic land divisions of Haw and the geopolitical districts. The question arises as to how could vast agricultural complexes a heavy foot travel over miles of arid land exist without dependable wa sources\ulcorner While planting - pits and mounds were designed to make most efficient use of available water and conserve moisture(Carter 19 9). people involved in planting also needed potable water for surv Most publications and research papers dealing with the early population this area make only oblique reference to springs and wells which t populations depended upon. The Federal Cave Resource Protection Act(1988) has served as imprtus for the National Park Service to look closer at the lava tu caves and fault cracks within Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. P visitors to these underground areas found large volumes of standing wa in fault cracks. and abundant drip areas with the lava tubes. Re observes noted that in most cases. where the cracks and caves we located in the arid sections of the park. there has been extens modifiacation or utilization of these water sources by the early Hawaii and others. The variety of western containers used for collection indica that these water sources were used during historic times. William E described similar water sources in his narrative of his trip around island in 1823(Eills 1979), This report is directed at documenting recent observations and a stimulating further research into early Hawaiian water collection syst It also explores the implications that power and political influence of e chiefs in the arid portions of Hawaii could have been linked to the con of the water resources.

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Efficiency and accuracy of artificial intelligence in the radiographic detection of periodontal bone loss: A systematic review

  • Asmhan Tariq;Fatmah Bin Nakhi;Fatema Salah;Gabass Eltayeb;Ghada Jassem Abdulla;Noor Najim;Salma Ahmed Khedr;Sara Elkerdasy;Natheer Al-Rawi;Sausan Alkawas;Marwan Mohammed;Shishir Ram Shetty
    • Imaging Science in Dentistry
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    • v.53 no.3
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    • pp.193-198
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    • 2023
  • Purpose: Artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to play a major role in medical diagnostics. Periodontal disease is one of the most common oral diseases. The early diagnosis of periodontal disease is essential for effective treatment and a favorable prognosis. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of AI in diagnosing periodontal bone loss through radiographic analysis. Materials and Methods: A literature search involving 5 databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Health and Medical Collection, Dentistry and Oral Sciences) was carried out. A specific combination of keywords was used to obtain the articles. The PRISMA guidelines were used to filter eligible articles. The study design, sample size, type of AI software, and the results of each eligible study were analyzed. The CASP diagnostic study checklist was used to evaluate the evidence strength score. Results: Seven articles were eligible for review according to the PRISMA guidelines. Out of the 7 eligible studies, 4 had strong CASP evidence strength scores (7-8/9). The remaining studies had intermediate CASP evidence strength scores (3.5-6.5/9). The highest area under the curve among the reported studies was 94%, the highest F1 score was 91%, and the highest specificity and sensitivity were 98.1% and 94%, respectively. Conclusion: AI-based detection of periodontal bone loss using radiographs is an efficient method. However, more clinical studies need to be conducted before this method is introduced into routine dental practice.

Neuroprotective effects of antioxidant constituents isolated from Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten Makino

  • K.J. Jung;Lee, E.H.;Kim, H.J.;Lee, J.Y.;Y.S. Song;Lee, Y.H.;J. Cho;Park, M.;Park, H.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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    • 2003.11a
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    • pp.63-63
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    • 2003
  • Opuntia ficus-indicavar. saboten Makino (Cactaceae) is a tropical or subtropical plant that has been widely used as folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes, asthma, burn, edema and gastritis. The purposes of the present study were to identify antioxidant constituents from fruits and stems of the plant cultivated in Cheju island, Korea, and examine their in vitro neuroprotective activities. Using a chromatographic fractionation method, ten chemical constituents were isolated from ethyl acetate extracts. By means of chemical and spectroscopic methods, those were identified as eight flavonoids such as kaempherol (a), quercetin (b), kaempferol 3-methyl ether (c), quercetin 3-methyl ether (d), narcissin (e), dihydrokaernpferol (f), dihydroquercetin (g) and erioclictyol (h), and two terpenoids such as 3-oxo-${\alpha}$-ionol-${\beta}$-d-glucopyranoside (i) and roseoside (j). Among the isolated compounds, comrounds c~e and h~j were those reported for the first titre from the plant. Compounds b, d and g showed DPPH free radical scavenging activities with IC$\sub$50/ values of 28, 19 and 31, ${\mu}$M respectively. Compounds d and g also inhibited iron-dependent lipid peroxidation with IC$\sub$50/ values of 2.4 and 3.5 ${\mu}$M. In a primary rat cortical neuronal cell culture system, compounds b, d and g inhibited xanthine/xanthine oxidase-induced (IC$\sub$50/ values of 18.2, 2.1 and 54.6 ${\mu}$M) and H$_2$O$_2$-induced (IC$\sub$50/ values of 13.6, 1.9 and 25.7 ${\mu}$M) cytotoxicities. In addition, compounds d and g inhibited NMDA-induced excitotoxicity by 21 and 33%, and only compound d inhibited growth factor withdrawal-induced apoptosis by 31% at a tested concentration of 3 ${\mu}$M. The results suggest that the antioxidant constituents with in vitroneuroprotective activities may serve as lead chemicals for the development of neuroprotective agent.

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Quercetin Attenuates the Production of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in H292 Human Lung Epithelial Cells Infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Modulating ExoS Production

  • Hye In Ahn;Hyun-Jae Jang;Ok-Kyoung Kwon;Jung-Hee Kim;Jae-Hoon Oh;Seung-Ho Kim;Sei-Ryang Oh;Sang-Bae Han;Kyung-Seop Ahn;Ji-Won Park
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.430-440
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    • 2023
  • The type three secretion system (T3SS) is a major virulence system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The effector protein Exotoxin S (ExoS) produced by P. aeruginosa is secreted into the host cells via the T3SS. For the purpose of an experiment on inhibitors with regard to ExoS secretion, we developed a sandwich-type enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system. Quercetin was selected because it has a prominent ExoS inhibition effect and also is known to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on mammalian cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of quercetin on the expression and secretion of ExoS using ELISA and Western blot analysis methods. The results showed that the secretion of ExoS was significantly decreased by 10 and 20 µM of quercetin. Also, popB, popD, pscF, and pcrV which are composed of the T3SS needle, are reduced by quercetin at the mRNA level. We also confirmed the inhibitory effect of quercetin on cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-18) in P. aeruginosa-infected H292 cells by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ELISA. Collectively, quercetin inhibits the secretion of ExoS by reducing both ExoS production and the expression of the needle protein of T3SS. Furthermore, these results suggest that quercetin has the potential to be used as an anti-toxic treatment for the inflammatory disease caused by P. aeruginosa infection.

Biocontrol Activities of Peribacillus butanolivorans KJ40, Bacillus zanthoxyli HS1, B. siamensis H30-3 and Pseudomonas sp. BC42 on Anthracnose, Bacterial Fruit Blotch and Fusarium Wilt of Cucumber Plants (Peribacillus butanolivorans KJ40, Bacillus zanthoxyli HS1, B. siamensis H30-3와 Pseudomonas sp. BC42에 의한 오이 탄저병, 박과류 과실썩음병과 오이 덩굴쪼김병의 생물방제 효과검정)

  • Jiwon Kim;Mee Kyung Sang
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.188-192
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    • 2023
  • Abiotic and biotic stresses have been a serious threat to crop growth and productivity in the agricultural system. In this study, four strains (HS1, H30-3, KJ40, and BC42), which have biological activities related to disease suppression or alleviation of salinity and drought stresses, were tested for broad-spectrum biocontrol activity against anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum orbiculare, a bacterial fruit blotch caused by Acidovorax citrulli, and Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum in cucumber plants. As a result of test, when the four strains were drenched into the soil, anthracnose in cucumber leaves significantly decrease; strain KJ40 suppressed disease incidence by A. citrulli; strain BC42 significantly reduced bacterial fruit blotch and Fusarium wilt compared to control. Therefore, strain KJ40 could be a biocontrol candidate for controlling anthracnose through induced systemic resistance and the disease caused by A. citrulli as well as alleviating drought stress; strain BC42 has broad-spectrum biocontrol activity against anthracnose, Fusarium wilt, and bacterial fruit blotch.

The Implicit Attitude against Creativity and Global Perception Benefits (창의성에 대한 암묵적 태도와 전체지각의 관계)

  • Hong Im Shin
    • Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.463-479
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    • 2012
  • The implicit association test (IAT) measures implicit attitudes of participants and is regarded as an effective method for expecting future behaviors. Based on the IAT, this study aimed to answer the question, whether implicit attitudes of an individual about creativity have any kinds of impact on global perception, which might be important for a creative process. In the experiment, participants were presented words, which were associated with one of four categories, while one attitude category (creativity /practicality) and one evaluative category (good/bad) were always paired together either on the left side or on the right side of the computer screen. After completing the IAT test, participants were led to fill out a questionnaire to assess explicit attitudes toward creativity and practicality. Then they conducted the navon task, in which they had to find one of two letters, 'F' or 'H', which were presented either as a local form or as a global form. Finally, the participants had to write down as many untypical functions of an object as possible. The results showed that not the scores of explicit attitude scores but the IAT scores correlated with the reaction time of global perception. The global perception was faster in the participants with the low IAT scores than the local perception. Compared to this, the global perception benefits disappeared in the participants with the high IAT scores. Additionally, more creative ideas about the functions of the object were listed in the group with the lower IAT scores. Implications of the role of implicit attitudes about creative processes are discussed.

Differences in Attitudes Toward Society and Politics Between Liberals and Conservatives (한국 사회와 정부에 대한 태도에서 진보·보수 집단 간 차이)

  • Hyejeong Ahn;Minju Lee;Taeyun Jung
    • Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.529-552
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    • 2013
  • This study examines how individual attitudes towards government and society are affected by political conservatism and liberalism. With survey data from 533 adults(M=249, F=284) who live in Seoul and surrounding areas, we examine the general attitudes towards society, expectation on general government and differences in attitudes towards the Roh Moo-hyun Gov't and the Lee Myung-bak Gov't between liberals and conservatives. Results show that liberals and conservatives vary by age and residence, whereas attitudes towards the general government and society are not. By contrast, liberals and conservatives are distinctly different evaluating governments with specific political tendency. Liberals are more positive to the Roh Moo-hyun Gov't than conservatives whereas the evaluation appears conversely on the Lee Myung-bak Gov't. These differences of attitudes are more distinctive when dividing liberals and conservatives by subjective judgement and political party preference than conceptual measurement of political ideology. These findings suggest that political conservatism and liberalism is the factor that has powerfully affected individual attitudes in the specific political context rather than a consistent ideological framework in Korean society.

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Analysis of whole genome sequencing and virulence factors of Vibrio vulnificus 1908-10 isolated from sea water at Gadeok island coast

  • Hee-kyung Oh;Nameun Kim;Do-Hyung Kim;Hye-Young Shin;Eun-Woo Lee;Sung-Hwan Eom;Young-Mog Kim
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.26 no.9
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    • pp.558-568
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    • 2023
  • Vibrio vulnificus is an aquatic bacterium causing septicemia and wound infection in humans. To understand this pathogen at the genomic level, it was performed whole genome sequencing of a cefoxitin-resistant strain, V. vulnificus 1908-10 possessing virulence-related genes (vvhA, viuB, and vcgC) isolated from Gadeok island coastal seawater in South Korea. The genome of V. vulnificus 1908-10 consisted of two circular contigs and no plasmid. The total genome size was estimated to be 5,018,425 bp with a guanine-cytosine (GC) content of 46.9%. We found 119 tRNA and 34 rRNA genes respectively in the genome, along with 4,352 predicted protein sequences. Virulence factor (VF) analysis further revealed that V. vulnificus 1908-10 possess various virulence genes in classes of adherence, antiphagocytosis, chemotaxis and motility, iron uptake, quorum sensing, secretion system, and toxin. In the comparison of the presence/absence of virulence genes, V. vulnificus 1908-10 had fur, hlyU, luxS, ompU, pilA, pilF, rtxA, rtxC, and vvhA. Of the 30 V. vulnificus comparative strains, 80% of the C-genotype strains have all of these genes, whereas 40% of the E-genotype strains have all of them. In particular, pilA were identified in 80% of the C-type strains and 40% of the E-type strains, showing more difference than other genes. Therefore, V. vulnificus 1908-10 had similar VF characteristics to those of type C strains. Multifunctional-autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX) toxin of V. vulnificus 1908-10 contained 8 A-type repeats (GXXGXXXXXG), 25 B.1-type repeats (TXVGXGXX), 18 B2-type repeats (GGXGXDXXX), and 7 C-type repeats (GGXGXDXXX). The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) showed that the RtxA protein of V. vulnificus 1908-10 had the effector domain in the order of cross-liking domain (ACD)-C58_PaToxP-like domain- α/β hydrolase-C58_PaToxP-like domain.