• 제목/요약/키워드: F0 Range

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부산과 대산항에서 선박평형수에 유입된 식물플랑크톤의 종조성과 재성장능력 (Regrowth Ability and Species Composition of Phytoplankton in International Commercial Ship's Ballast Water Berthed at Pusan and Daesan Ports)

  • 백승호;장민철;신경순
    • 한국해양학회지:바다
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.106-115
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    • 2011
  • 본 연구는 우리나라 주요 무역항(부산항, 대산항)에 입항하는 국제선을 대상으로 선박평형수내 환경요인과 식물 플랑크톤의 군집조성을 파악하는 것과 더불어, 생물활성실험을 수행하였다. 선박평형수의 기원은 중국(3지역), 일본(3지역), 싱가폴 등이었다. PCA분석에서도 생물지리역이 다른 선박평형수의 환경언자와 우리나라 항만 주변수의 환경인자의 차이를 확인할 수 있었고, 식물플랑크톤의 출현종과 현존량을 바탕으로 한 Cluster분석에서도 각 선박의 기원에 따라서 유사성이 낮게 구분되었다. 선박평형수의 체류시간과 식물플랑크톤의 현존량(r = 0.35), 출현종수(r= 0.63)는 음의 상관성을 관찰하였다. 7척의 선박평형수내 구성종은 규조류, 와편모조류, 착편모조류 순으로 나타났다. Shui Shan(2) 선박평형수내 유입된 식물플랑크톤 성장은 어떤 수온 조건에서도 선박평형수 실험구에서는 성공적인 재성장은 이루어지지 않았다. 반면, $15^{\circ}C$$20^{\circ}C$의 수온조건에서 영양염을 첨가한 F/2실험구와 영양염을 첨가하지 않은 주변수 실험구는 식물플랑크톤의 생물활성능이 현저히 높았고, 그들은 S. costatum와 T. pseudonana로 구성되었다. 염분 구배실험에서 담수종은 0-5 psu에서, 기수종은 10-20 psu 해수종은 20-30 psu에서 각각 적응하여 염분구배에 따른 우점종이 뚜렷히 구분되었다 그중, S. costatum는 넓은 범위의 염분농도(10-30 psu)에 적응 가능하였고, 이 생물의 종특이적인 생물활성능력은 우리나라 항만과 연안해역에서 성공적으로 정착 할 가능성이 높다고 판단된다.

Epoxy/BaTiO3 (SrTiO3) composite films and pastes for high dielectric constant and low tolerance embedded capacitors fabrication in organic substrates

  • Paik Kyung-Wook;Hyun Jin-Gul;Lee Sangyong;Jang Kyung-Woon
    • 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2005년도 ISMP
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    • pp.201-212
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    • 2005
  • [ $Epoxy/BaTiO_3$ ] composite embedded capacitor films (ECFs) were newly designed fur high dielectric constant and low tolerance (less than ${\pm}15\%$) embedded capacitor fabrication for organic substrates. In terms of material formulation, ECFs are composed of specially formulated epoxy resin and latent curing agent, and in terms of coating process, a comma roll coating method is used for uniform film thickness in large area. Dielectric constant of $BaTiO_3\;&\;SrTiO_3$ composite ECF is measured with MIM capacitor at 100 kHz using LCR meter. Dielectric constant of $BaTiO_3$ ECF is bigger than that of $SrTiO_3$ ECF, and it is due to difference of permittivity of $BaTiO_3\;and\;SrTiO_3$ particles. Dielectric constant of $BaTiO_3\;&\;SrTiO_3$ ECF in high frequency range $(0.5\~10GHz)$ is measured using cavity resonance method. In order to estimate dielectric constant, the reflection coefficient is measured with a network analyzer. Dielectric constant is calculated by observing the frequencies of the resonant cavity modes. About both powders, calculated dielectric constants in this frequency range are about 3/4 of the dielectric constants at 1 MHz. This difference is due to the decrease of the dielectric constant of epoxy matrix. For $BaTiO_3$ ECF, there is the dielectric relaxation at $5\~9GHz$. It is due to changing of polarization mode of $BaTiO_3$ powder. In the case of $SrTiO_3$ ECF, there is no relaxation up to 10GHz. Alternative material for embedded capacitor fabrication is $epoxy/BaTiO_3$ composite embedded capacitor paste (ECP). It uses similar materials formulation like ECF and a screen printing method for film coating. The screen printing method has the advantage of forming capacitor partially in desired part. But the screen printing makes surface irregularity during mask peel-off, Surface flatness is significantly improved by adding some additives and by applying pressure during curing. As a result, dielectric layer with improved thickness uniformity is successfully demonstrated. Using $epoxy/BaTiO_3$ composite ECP, dielectric constant of 63 and specific capacitance of 5.1nF/cm2 were achieved.

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나림광산 수계에 분포하는 순환수의 수문지구화학 및 오염 (Hydrogeochemistry and Contamination of Meteoric Water at the Narim Mine Creek, Korea)

  • 이찬희
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제32권4호
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    • pp.385-398
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    • 1999
  • The Narim gold mine is located approimately 200km southeast of Seoul within the Muju mineralized district of the Sobaegsan gneiss complex, Korea. Environmental geochemistry were undertaken for various kinds of water (surface, ground and mine water) collected of April, September and November in 1998 from the narim mine creek. Hydrogeochemical compositions of water samples are characterized by the relatively significant enrichment of Na+K, alkali ions, $HCO_{3}$, $NO_{3}$, Cl and F in groundwater, wheras the mine and surface waters are relatively enriched in Ca+Mg, hea표 metals and $SO_{4}$. Therefore, the groundwaters belong to the (Na+Ca)-( $HCO_{3}+SO_{4}$) type, respectively. The pH and EC values of the non-mining creek surfers are relatively lower compared with those of the surface water of the mine and ore dump area. The d values ($\delta$D-8$\delta^{18}$O) of all kinds of water from the Narim mine creek are 5.8 to 13.1 The range of $\delta$D and $\delta^{18}$O values (relative to SMOW) are shown in distinct two groups as follows: for the April waters of -64.8 to -67.8$\textperthousand$ and -9.6 to -10.0$\textperthousand$(d value=10.1 to 13.1), and for the November waters of -65.9 to -70.2$\textperthousand$ and -9.3 to -9.6$\textperthousand$ (d value=5.8 to 7.9), respectively. This range variation indicates that two group water were composed of distinct waters with seasonal difference. Geochemical modeling showed that mostly toxic metals (As, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) may exist largery in the from of metal $(M2^+)$ and metal-sulfate $(MSO_4\;^{2-$\mid$),\; and \;SO_4^{2-$\mid$}$ concentration influenced the speciation of heavy metals in the meteoric water. These metals in the groundwater could be formed of $CO_3 \;and \;(OH)_3$ complex ions. Using computer program, saturation index of albite, calcite, dolomite in meteoric water show undersaturated and progreddively evolved toward the saturation state, however, ground and mine water are nearly saturated. The gibbsited water-mineral reaction and stabilities suggest that the weathering of silicate minerals may be stable kaolinite, illite and Nasmectite. The clay minerals will be transformed to more stable kaolinite owing to the contiunous reaction.

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체질량지수에 따른 여대생의 식이섭취 실태와 혈액성상에 관한 연구 (Food Intake and Clinical Blood Indices of Female College Students by Body Mass Index)

  • 김옥현;김정희
    • 대한지역사회영양학회지
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.307-316
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    • 2006
  • This study was conducted to investigate the relationships among body composition, dietary intake, and clinical blood indices in college students by body mass index (BMI). Their body compositions were determined by means of BIA (Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis) method. Their dietary intake was determined using a 3-day record method and their hematological indices were determined by semi-automated microcell counter (Sysmex F-520). Their serum lipid levels were measured using biochemical analyzer (Spotchem). Subjects were classified as underweight, normal or over-weight groups according to their BMI. The subjects were 69 healthy college students aged 20 to 26 years. The average age, height, weight, and BMI was 21.3 years, 162.6 cm, 54.4 kg, and $20.6cm/m^2$, respectively. Their average consumption of energy was 1693 kcal, 84.7% of RDA and their mean ratio of carbohydrate: protein: fat were 54.5 : 16.4 : 29.0. There was no significant difference in nutrient intake among the groups except ${\beta}$-carotene and vitamin C. The ${\beta}$-carotene intake was significantly higher in the underweight group. Vitamin C intake was significantly higher in the overweight group. The mean intakes of Ca, Fe, Zn and folate of subjects were 74.8% to 83.2% of RDA. Especially, intakes of Ca, Fe, Zn and folate were lower in the abnormal weight groups. The overall mean values of the hematological indices in female college students were within the normal range and there was no significant difference among the groups. However, anemic subjects with hemoglobin (< 12 g/dl) and hematocrit (< 36 g/dl) accounted for about 11% of the subjects. The everall mean values of the serum lipid levels were within the normal range and there was no significant difference among the groups. But serum HDL-cholesterol level of the overweight group was lower than that of the other groups. LDL-/HDL-cholesterol ratio and AI index were significantly higher in the overweight group compared to the other groups. Based upon this study, it is necessary for college women to be educated regarding consuming more Ca, Fe, Zn, folate and less fat and cholesterol in order to have better health promotion.

기능적 전기자극 치료가 편마비 환자의 균형에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Functional Electrical Stimulation on the Balance of Hemiplegic Patients)

  • 김용철;이석민;송창호
    • The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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    • 제16권3호
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    • pp.97-111
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    • 2004
  • This study, adopting the pretest-post test experimental study, is designed to find out how the functional electrical stimulation makes effect on the balance of a patient with spasticity of the ankle plantarflexor muscle caused by hemiplegic after stroke. The 46 subjects for this study were randomly sampled out of the patients who were hospitalized from September 1, 2003 to November 30, 2003 in H sanitarium in Yangpyung. The patients were with spasticity of the ankle plantarflexor muscle caused by hemiplegic after stroke and able to walk without supporting implements. The purpose of the study is firstly to analyze the change of ROM, FRTof a patient with spasticity of the ankle plantarflexor muscle when the functional electrical stimulation is applied and secondly to find out how the sex, age, height, weight, part of the diagnosis, duration of pain, experience of relapse and getting hurt from a fall of a patient make effect on the change. The experimental group for the study is divided into two to compare the differences of the effect. The exercising treatment only was performed for the conrtol group, and the functional electrical stimulation to the ankle dorsiflexor muscle as well as the exercising treatment was applied to the experimental group. The ROM test was performed to check the range of motion of the ankle with a double armed universal goniometer. The test was done 3 times to take an average. FRT were performed to check the balance. The statistical test was conducted using the SPSS 10.0/PC program by means of the following methods: χ2-test and t-test for testing homogeneity between the groups; paired t-test, independent sample t-test, F-test, and two-way ANOVA for analyzing the changes before and after the treatment. The levels of statistical significance of all the data were maintained at p<.05. According to the test, ROM has more decreased in experimental group than in control group when the functional electrical stimulation was applied only to the experimental group. However, the significant statistic difference was not shown (p=.059). FRT showed remarkable differences in the experimental group compared to the control group, showing the significant statistic difference (p=.000). On the one hand, the change of ROM, FRT related with the sex, age, height, weight, part of the diagnosis, and experience relapse was a meaningless minimum value. The change of ROM related to the duration of pain and the experience of falling down was also meaningless. However, FRT showed significant statistic difference (p<.05). According to the test above, the application of functional electrical stimulation to a patient with spasticity of the ankle dorsiflexor muscle caused by hemiplegic after stroke makes significant effect on the balance of a patient, but the result has nothing with the sex, age, height, weight, part of the diagnosis, duration of pain, experience of relapse and getting hurt from a fall of a patient. However, it is regarded to give contribution to the balance improvement of a patient. Therefore, this study expects to be a valuable clinical material for a patient with spasticity.

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The New X-ray Induced Electron Emission Spectrometer

  • Yu.N.Yuryev;Park, Hyun-Min;Lee, Hwack-Ju;Kim, Ju-Hwnag;Cho, Yang-Ku;K.Yu.Pogrebitsky
    • 한국결정학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국결정학회 2002년도 정기총회 및 추계학술연구발표회
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    • pp.5-6
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    • 2002
  • The new spectrometer for X-ray Induced Electron Emission Spectroscopy (XIEES) .has been recently developed in KRISS in collaboration with PTI (Russia). The spectrometer allows to perform research using the XAFS, SXAFS, XANES techniques (D.C.Koningsberger and R.Prins, 1988) as well as the number of techniques from XIEES field(L.A.Bakaleinikov et all, 1992). The experiments may be carried out with registration of transmitted through the sample x-rays (to investigate bulk samples) or/and total electron yield (TEY) from the sample surface that gives the high (down to several atomic mono-layers in soft x-ray region) near surface sensitivity. The combination of these methods together give the possibility to obtain a quantitative information on elemental composition, chemical state, atomic structure for powder samples and solids, including non-crystalline materials (the long range order is not required). The optical design of spectrometer is made according to Johannesson true focusing schematics and presented on the Fig.1. Five stepping motors are used to maintain the focusing condition during the photon energy scan (crystal angle, crystal position along rail, sample goniometer rail angle, sample goniometer position along rail and sample goniometer angle relatively of rail). All movements can be done independently and simultaneously that speeds up the setting of photon energy and allows the using of crystals with different Rowland radil. At present six curved crystals with different d-values and one flat synthetic multilayer are installed on revolver-type monochromator. This arrangement allows the wide range of x-rays from 100 eV up to 25 keV to be obtained. Another 4 stepping motors set exit slit width, sample angle, channeltron position and x-ray detector position. The differential pumping allows to unite vacuum chambers of spectrometer and x-ray generator avoiding the absorption of soft x-rays on Be foil of a window and in atmosphere. Another feature of vacuum system is separation of walls of vacuum chamber (which are deformed by the atmospheric pressure) from optical elements of spectrometer. This warrantees that the optical elements are precisely positioned. The detecting system of the spectrometer consists of two proportional counters, one scintillating detector and one channeltron detector. First proportional counter can be used as I/sub 0/-detector in transmission mode or by measuring the fluorescence from exit slit edge. The last installation can be used to measure the reference data (that is necessary in XANES measurements), in this case the reference sample is installed on slit knife edge. The second proportional counter measures the intensity of x-rays transmitted through the sample. The scintillating detector is used in the same way but on the air for the hard x-rays and for alignment purposes. Total electron yield from the sample is measured by channeltron. The spectrometer is fully controlled by special software that gives the high flexibility and reliability in carrying out of the experiments. Fig.2 and fig.3 present the typical XAFS spectra measured with spectrometer.

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충격시험에 따른 배의 허용낙하높이 추정 (Estimation of Allowable Drop Height for Oriental Pears by Impact Tests)

  • 김만수;정현모;서륜;박일규;황용수
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • 제26권5호
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    • pp.461-468
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    • 2001
  • Impact between fruits and other materials is a major cause of product damage in harvesting and handling systems. The oriental pears are more susceptible to bruising than other fruits such as European pears and apples, and are required more careful handling. The interest in the handling of the pears for the processing systems has raised the question of the allowable drop height to which pears can be dropped without causing objectionable damage. Drop tests on pears were conducted using an impact device developed by authors to estimate the allowable drop height without bruising. The impact device was constructed to hold in a selected orientation and to release a fruit by vacuum for dropping on to a force transducer. The drop height was adjustable for zero to 60 cm to achieve the desired distance between the bottom of the fruits and the top of the impact force transducer. The transducer was secured to 150 kg$\sub$f/ concrete block. The transducer signal was sampled every 0.17 ms with a strain gage measurement board in the micro computer where it was digitaly stored for later analysis. The selected sample fruit was Niitaka cultivar of pears which is one of the most promising fruit for export in Korea. The pears were harvested during the 1998 harvest season from an orchard in Daejeon. The sample fruit was selected from two groups which were stored for 3 months and 5 months respectively by the method of current commercial practice. The pears were allowed to stabilize at environmental condition(18$^{\circ}C$, 65% rh) of the experimental room. One hundred fifty six pears were tested from the heights of 5, 7.5. 10 and 12.5 cm while measurement were made of impact peak force, contact time, time to peak force, dwell time, pear diameter and mass. The bioyield strength and modulus of elasticity were measured using UTM immediately after each drop test. The allowable drop height was estimated on the base of bioyield strength of the pears in two ways. One was assumed the peak force during impact test increasing linearly with time, and the other was based on the actual drop test results. The computer program was developed for measuring the impact characteristics of the pears and analyzing the data obtained in the study. The peak force increased while contact times decreased with increasing drop height and contact times of the sample from the hard tissue group. The allowable drop height increased with increasing bioyield strength and contact times, and also varied with Poisson\`s ratio, mass and equilibrium radius of the pears. The allowable drop height calculated by a theoretical method was in the range from 1 to 4 cm, meanwhile, the estimated drop height considering the result of the impact test was in the range from 1 to 6 cm. Since the physical properties of fruits affected significantly the allowable drop height, the physical properties of the fruits should be considered when estimating the allowable drop height.

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Fe이 치환된 LaBaMnO계 산화물의 중성자 회절 및 Messbauer분광학연구 (Crystallization and Magnetic Properties of Iron Doped La-Ba-Mn-O)

  • 최강룡;김삼진;심인보;김철성
    • 한국자기학회지
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.38-44
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    • 2004
  • 초거대 자기저항 물질인 페롭스카이트 구조의 망간 산화물 L $a_{0.67}$B $a_{0.33}$M $n_{1-x}$ F $e_{x}$ $O_3$(이하 LBMFO)에 대하여 에탄올을 용매로 한 졸겔법을 이용하여 미량의 철을 치환한 단일상의 LBMFO산화물 분말을 제조하였다. 결정학적 및 자기적 성질을 x선 회절법, 시료진동형 자화율 측정기(VSM), 중성자 회절 실험, 러더포드 후방 산란법, Mossbauer 분광법 및 자기저항 측정을 통하여 연구하였다. X-선 및 중성자 회절실험 분석 결과 결정학적 구조는 Pnma의 공간구조를 갖는 orthorhombic구조로 분석되었다. 미량의 철이 치환됨에 따라 격자상수 $a_{0}$ , $c_{0}$ 는 증가하며, $b_{0}$ 는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. VSM측정결과 포화 자화값과 보자력은 철의 치환량이 증가함에 따라서 각각 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 큐리(Curie)온도는 철의 치환량이 증가함에 따라서 360 K에서 점차 감소하는 경향성을 나타내었다. 철을 1 % 치환한 경우 1T 인가자장 하에 최대자기저항변화의 비($\Delta$$\rho$/$\rho$$_{H}$)는 281 K에서 9.5%였으며, 금속-반도체 전이 온도는 253 K로 관측되었다. Mossbauer 스펙트럼 분석결과 15 K에서 날카로운 Lorentzian 12 line(2 set)의 공명 흡수선으로 측정되었다. 이성질체 이동 값으로부터 미량 치환된 $^{57}$ Fe이온의 전자 상태는 +3가 임을 알 수 있었다.는 +3가 임을 알 수 있었다.

순환여과식사육장치에서 틸라피아의 성장을 위한 최적용존산소량 (Optimum Dissolved Oxygen Level for the Growth of Tilapia in the Recirculating Water System)

  • 김인배;우영배
    • 한국양식학회지
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.67-73
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    • 1988
  • 부산수산대학 어류양식실험실 순환여과장치에서 1986년 2월 4일부터 3월 5일까지 용존산소양에 대한 틸라피아의 성장효과를 알아보기 위한 실험이 수행되었다. 6개의 순환여과장치를 이용하여 동일조건에서 DO농도 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 및 4.0mg/$\iota$로 조절하여 실험했고, 실험어는 평균 65g 정도로 각 탱크에 90kg씩 방양 사육하였다. 방양 후의 사육결과는 다음과 같다. 실험전기간동안 용존산소농도 3.5, 3.0, 2.5, 2.0 mg/$\iota$ 군은 사료계수 1.05$\~$1.11 사이에서 거의 비슷한 좋은 성장결과를 나타낸 반면, 4.0, 1.5mg/$\iota$ 군에서는 1.39, 1.61로 저조했다. 그리고, 사료섭취양은 용존산소양의 증가에 따라 꾸준히 증가했으나, 성장률은 용존산소 1.5mg/$\iota$, 2.0mg/$\iota$을 제외하면 거의 비슷했다. 따라서, 용존산소양을 3$\~$3.5mg/$\iota$까지 올려도 성장률에 큰 증가가 없었다. 실험 기간동안 용존산소 1.5mg/$\iota$ 군에서는 사료섭취가 활발하지 않았으며 사료를 먹고난 후 대부분이 주수구에 몰려 심한 산소결핍현상을 나타냈다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 평균수온 $22.5^{\circ}C$ 정도의 순환여과장치에서, 용존산소농도 2.5, 3.0 mg/$\iota$ 및 3.5 mg/$\iota$ 농도군에서 거의 같은 좋은 성장률과 사료효과을 나타냈으므로 용존산소농도를 2.5mg/$\iota$와 3.5mg/$\iota$ 사이에 유지시키면 에너지 효과면에서 경제적이 된다고 사료된다.

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옥천대(沃川帶) 우라늄광층(鑛層)의 구조규제(構造規制) 및 지구화학적(地球化學的) 특성연구(特性硏究) (Lithologic and Structural Controls and Geochemistry of Uranium Deposition in the Ogcheon Black-Slate Formation)

  • 이대성;윤석규;이종혁;김정택
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제19권spc호
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    • pp.19-41
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    • 1986
  • Structural, radioactive, petrological, petrochemical, mineralogical and stable isotopic study as well as the review of previous studies of the uranium-bearing slates in the Ogcheon sequence were carried out to examine the lithological and structural controls, and geochemical environment in the uranium deposition in the sequence. And the study was extended to the coal-bearing formation (Jangseong Series-Permian) to compare the geochemical and sedimentologic aspects of uranium chemistry between Ogcheon and Hambaegsan areas. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The uranium mineralization occurs in the carbonaceous black slates of the middle to lower Guryongsan formation and its equivalents in the Ogcheon sequence. In general, two or three uranium-bearing carbonaceous beds are found with about 1 to 1.5km stratigraphic interval and they extend from Chungju to Jinsan for 90km in distance, with intermittent igneous intrusions and structural Jisturbances. Average thickness of the beds ranges from 20 to 1,500m. 2. These carbonaceous slate beds were folded by a strong $F_1$-fold and were refolded by subsequent $F_1$-fold, nearly co-axial with the $F_1$, resulting in a repeated occurrence of similar slate. The carbonaceous beds were swelled in hing zones and were shrinked or thined out in limb by the these foldings. Minor faulting and brecciation of the carbonaceous beds were followed causing metamorphism of these beds and secondary migration and alteration of uranium minerals and their close associations. 3. Uranium-rich zones with high radioactive anomalies are found in Chungju, Deogpyong-Yongyuri, MiwonBoun, Daejeon-Geumsan areas in the range of 500~3,700 cps (corresponds to 0.017~0.087%U). These zones continue along strike of the beds for several tens to a few hundred meters but also discontinue with swelling and pinches at places that should be analogously developed toward underground in their vertical extentions. The drilling surveyings in those area, more than 120 holes, indicate that the depth-frequency to uranium rich bed ranging 40~160 meter is greater. 4. The features that higher radioactive anomalies occur particularly from the carbonaceous beds among the argillaceous lithologic units, are well demonstrated on the cross sections of the lithology and radioactive values of the major uranium deposits in the Ogcheon zone. However, one anomalous radioactive zone is found in a l:ornfels bed in Samgoe, near Daejeon city. This is interpreted as a thermal metamorphic effect by which original uranium contents in the underlying black slate were migrated into the hornfels bed. 5. Principal minerals of the uranium-bearing black slates are quartz, sericite, biotite and chlorite, and as to chemical composition of the black slates, $Al_2O_3$ contents appear to be much lower than the average values by its clarke suggesting that the Changri basin has rather proximal to its source area. 6. The uranium-bearing carbonaceous beds contain minor amounts of phosphorite minerals, pyrite, pyrrhotite and other sulfides but not contain iron oxides. Vanadium. Molybdenum, Barium, Nickel, Zirconium, Lead, Cromium and fixed Carbon, and some other heavy metals appear to be positive by correlative with uranium in their concentrations, suggesting a possibility of their genetic relationships. The estimated pH and Eh of the slate suggests an euxenic marine to organic-rich saline water environment during uranium was deposited in the middle part of Ogcheon zone. 7. The Carboniferous shale of Jangseong Series(Sadong Series) of Permian in Hambaegsan area having low radioactivity and in fluvial to beach deposits is entirely different in geochemical property and depositional environment from the middle part of Ogcheon zone, so-called "Pibanryong-Type Ogcheon Zone". 8. Synthesizing various data obtained by several aspects of research on uranium mineralization in the studied sequence, it is concluded that the processes of uranium deposition were incorporated with rich organic precipitation by which soluble uranyl ions, $U{_2}^{+{+}}$ were organochemically complexed and carried down to the pre-Ogcheon sea bottoms formed in transitional environment, from Red Sea type basin to Black Sea type basin. Decomposition of the organic matter under reducing conditions to hydrogen sulfide, which reduced the $UO{_2}^{+2}$ ions to the insoluble uranium dioxide($UO_2$), on the other side the heavy metals are precipitated as sulfides. 9. The EPMA study on the identification of uraninite and others and the genetic interpretation of uranium bearing slates by isotopic values of this work are given separately by Yun, S. in 1984.

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