• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.37-38
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• 1962

The original plant for a medicine, Forsythia collected from Wui-Sung country, Kyungsangpuk-do, Korea, was identified as Forsythia viridissima by its characteristic greenish bark and clearly square stem as observed from the culture works at the Forest Experiment Station of Sung Kyung Kwan University. F. viridissima, an indigenic plant of China, is believed to be introduced to Korea as a nursary stock or brought by seeds sometime in the past. In Korea at present two other species of Forsythia, namely, F. suspensaa and F. japonica have also been cultured besides F. viridissima as an ornamental.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.328-336
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• 2011

A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detector (DAD) method was established for the discrimination of a folk medicine Forsythia suspensa and Forsythia viridissima. Five and three representative metabolites of the lignan and phenolic glycoside classes were selected for the analysis from F. suspensa and F. viridissima, respectively. The optimal chromatographic conditions were obtained on an ODS column (5 ${\mu}m$, $4.6{\times}250$ mm) with the column temperature at $40^{\circ}C$. The mobile phase was composed of methanol and 0.3% acetic acid using an isocratic elution with the flow rate 1 mL/min. Detection wavelength was set at 280 nm. All calibration curves showed good linear regression ($r^2$ > 0.996) within test ranges. Limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantitation (LOQ) values were lower than 0.096 and 0.291 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The developed method provided satisfactory precision and accuracy with overall intra-day and inter-day variations of 0.07-0.63% and 0.14-0.62%, respectively, and the overall recoveries of 97.79-102.46% for all of the compounds analyzed. In addition, effectiveness of diverse extraction methods was compared to each other for the development of standard analytical method. The verified method was successfully applied to the quantitative determination of representative metabolites in fifty-three commercial F. suspensa samples and fifteen commercial F. viridissima samples from diverse sources. The overall analytical results showed the unequivocal differences in bioactive constituents between F. suspensa and F. viridissima.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 1992

In the preliminary antitumor screening tests of Crude Drugs and collected plants, the methanol ic extract of Forsythia Fruits in Korean marcket showed signif icant cytotoxic activity against Chinese hamster V-79 cells, but that in Japanese market did not. The former was identifid as Forsythia viridissima Lindley and latter as F.suspensa Vahl on the basis of the morphological observation. When an aqueous solution of the extract prepared from the fruits of F. viridissima (Oleaceae) was partitioned successively with n-hexane, methylene chloride, n-butanol, the cytoyoxic activitywas concetrated in the methylene chloride extract. Fractionation of the extract was made with the guidance of bioassay against V-79 cells to give cytotoxic lignans, matariresiol (1) and arctigenin (2). Their ICso values of compounds 1 and 2 were respectively $7.8{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ 1 and $1.65{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$. Also, their structures were confirmed by comparison of physical and spectral data in the literature.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.85-96
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• 2015

항산화 활성, 항염증 효과, 항균작용, 주름개선 및 미백 효과 등이 알려져 있는 연교를 함유하며, 항염증 효과를 갖는 연교승마탕(連翹升麻湯), 가미연교승마탕(加味連翹升麻湯) 및 회춘양격산(回春凉膈散) 각각의 처방단을 추출하여 항노화 관련 효능을 알아보았다. 연교처방단 추출물의 자유라디칼 및 활성산소 소거 활성, 타이로시네이즈 활성 저해효과, 최종당화산물 생성 저해효과를 알아보았으며, 콜라겐 생성 및 자외선에 의해 유도된 MMP-1 생성 저해, ${\alpha}$-MSH에 의해 유도된 멜라닌의 생성 저해효과를 확인하였다. 그 결과 항산화 및 항당화 효과를 보였으며, 효소처리 한 연교승마탕 추출물과 가미연교승마탕 75% 에탄올수용액 추출물은 콜라겐 생성 및 MMP-1 생성 저해효과를 나타내었다. 효소처리 한 회춘양격산 추출물들은 멜라닌 생성 저해효과를 나타내었다. 이로써, 연교처방단 추출물을 이용한 항노화 소재로서의 개발 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.147-159
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• 2011

A high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometric method was developed to determine simultaneously eight marker constituents of Forsythiae fructus, and subsequently applied it to classify its two botanical origins. The marker compounds of Forsythia suspensa were phillyrin, pinoresinol, phillygenin, lariciresinol and forsythiaside; those of F.viridissima were arctiin, arctigenin and matairesinol. Separation of the eight analytes was achieved on a phenyl-hexyl column (150${\times}$2.0 mm i.d., 3 ${\mu}M$) using gradient elution with the mobile phase: (A) 10% acetonitrile in 0.5% acetic acid, (B) 40% aqueous acetonitrile. A few fragment ions specific to the types of lignans, among the product ions generated by collisonally induced dissociation (CID) of molecular ion clusters, such as [M-H]$^-$ or [M+OAc]$^-$ were used not only for fingerprinting analysis but for the quantification of each epimer by using multiple-reaction monitoring mode. It was shown good linearity ($r^2{\geq}$ 0.9998) over the wide range of all analytes; intra- and inter-day precisions (RSD, %) were within 9.14% and the accuracy ranged from 84.3 to 115.1%. The analytical results of 40 drug samples, combined with multivariate statistical analyses - principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) - clearly demonstrated the classification of the test samples according to their botanical origins. This method would provide a practical strategy for assessing the authenticity or quality of the herbal drug.

• Plant Resources
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2005

RAPD analysis was performed to discuss the taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships among the tribe Forsythieae and related groups. Two hundred and eighteen scorable polymorphic bands were detected from fourteen oligonucleotide primers. From the results of RAPD analysis by Nei and Li's genetic distance, each individuals of Abeliophyllum distichum showed high genetic relationships with ranging from 0.085 to 0.301, also the genus Forsythia showed from 0.042 to 0.655 among the species and populations. But, Abeliophyllum and Forsythia showed distinct dissimilarity, ranging from 0.610 to 1.258. And genetic differences among the population of Forsythia were 0.042 in F. koreana, 0.275 in F. saxatilis, 0.275 in F. ovata, 0.279 in F. nakaii, and 0.249 in F. viridissima. The UPGMA phenogram of tribe Forsythieae based on the results of RAPD analysis were presented that Abeliophyllum is distinct genus different from Forsythia. NJ tree which applied as the outgroups Fontanesia and Jasminum was derived, and it showed that tribe Forsythieae might be a monophyletic group. The genus Fontanesia was showed as sister group of tribe Forsythieae. Among the populations of taxa in Forsythia, F. koreana and F. saxatilis were more closely related, and F. ovata and F. nakaii were very closely related to F.japonica. And Fontanesia was the sister group of tribe Forsythieae.