• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2011

Anti oralmicrobial effects of Nulembo nucifera were determined against S.mutans, S.sobrinus S.sobrinus, F.nucleatum, and A.actinomycetemcomitans using paper disc method, minimum inhibitory concentrate (MICs). Extracts of lotus leaf showed the highest yield. MeOH extract is 21%, Chloroform fraction is 4.2%, ethylacetate fraction is 8.2%, water fraction is 19%. Different parts such as flower, leaf, seed and pod showed antimicrobial effects against S.mutans, with flower and seed extracts showing strong antimicrobial effect aganinst S.sobrinus KCCM11897. Leaf extract(1000pm concentration) showed over 50% inhibitory effect against S.mutans and S.sobrinus KCCM11897. Flower extract showed over 40% inhibitory effect against F.nucleatum and A.actinomycetemcomitans. MICs of flower extract against S.sobrinus KCCM11897,11898 and leaf extract against S.mutans, S.sobrinus KCCM11897 were $625\;{\mu}g/ml$, indicating Nulembo nucifera extract can exert antimicrobial activity even at low concentration. All extractes with heat at $120^{\circ}C$ had antimicrobial activity, which means that is a very stable substances. F.nucleatum and A.actinomycetemcomitans was stable against acid it had a trend that the more akali side was the lower acitivity.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.12-21
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• 2018

Purpose: The goal of this study was to develop and validate a standardized in vitro pathogenic biofilm attached onto saliva-coated surfaces. Methods: Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) strains were grown under anaerobic conditions as single species and in dual-species cultures. Initially, the bacterial biomass was evaluated at 24 and 48 hours to determine the optimal timing for the adhesion phase onto saliva-coated polystyrene surfaces. Thereafter, biofilm development was assessed over time by crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy. Results: The data showed no significant difference in the overall biomass after 48 hours for P. gingivalis in single- and dual-species conditions. After adhesion, P. gingivalis in single- and dual-species biofilms accumulated a substantially higher biomass after 7 days of incubation than after 3 days, but no significant difference was found between 5 and 7 days. Although the biomass of the F. nucleatum biofilm was higher at 3 days, no difference was found at 3, 5, or 7 days of incubation. Conclusions: Polystyrene substrates from well plates work as a standard surface and provide reproducible results for in vitro biofilm models. Our biofilm model could serve as a reference point for studies investigating biofilms on different surfaces.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2012

Although neutrophils function in both defense and tissue destruction, their defensive roles have rarely been studied in association with periodontitis. We hypothesized that peripheral neutrophils are pre-activated in vivo in periodontitis and that hyperactive neutrophils would show enhanced phagocytic ability as well as an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Peripheral blood neutrophils from patients with aggressive periodontitis and age/gender-matched healthy subjects (10 pairs) were isolated. The levels of CD11b and CD64 expression on the neutrophils and the level of plasma endotoxin were determined by flow cytometry and a limulus amebocyte lysate test, respectively. In addition, neutrophils were subjected to a flow cytometric phagocytosis assay and luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence for non-opsonized Fusobacterium nucleatum in parallel. The neutrophilsfrom most patients expressed increased levels of both CD11b and CD64. In addition, the plasma from these patients tended to contain a higher level of endotoxin than the healthy controls. In contrast, no differences were found between the two groups with regard to phagocytosis or ROS generation by F. nucleatum. The ability to phagocytose F. nucleatum was found to positively correlate with the ability to produce ROS. In conclusion, peripheral neutrophils from patients with aggressive periodontitis are hyperactive but not hyperreactive to F. nucleatum.

• 생약학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2016

The aim of the study was performed to examine the anticariogenic potential of purified bee venom (Apis mellifera L., PBV) collected using bee venom collector from cariogenic bacteria, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. The anticariogenic effect of purified bee venom was evaluated by agar well diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentraion (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and postantibiotic effect (PAE). The human lower gingiva epithelial cell cytotoxicity of purified bee venom was also evaluated. Purified bee venom exhibited significant inhibition of bacterial growth of S. mutans, S. sanguis, P. gingivalis, and F. nucleatum with MIC value of 0.68, 0.85, 3.49, and $2.79{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The MBC value of purified bee venom against S. mutans, S. sanguis, P. gingivalis, and F. nucleatum was 1.34, 1.67, 8.5, and $6.8{\mu}g/ml$. Furthermore, the results of PAE values against S. mutans, S. sanguis, P. gingivalis, and F. nucleatum showed the bacterial effect with 3.3, 3.45, 2.0, and 2.0. The concentration below 1 mg/ml of purified bee venom had no cytotoxicity in the human lower gingiva epithelial cell. These results suggested that purified bee venom have great potenial as anticariogenic agents.

• 생약학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2023

This research was conducted to investigate the comprehensive effects of methanol extract of Coptidis rhizoma (MECR) against oral pathogen. We studied the antibacterial, anti-biofilm, anti-gingipain and anti-inflammatory activity of MECR. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of MECR was 100 ㎍/mL against several oral pathogens. The formation of biofilm of Streptococcus mutans was reduced to 8.93~24.12% in the presence of 25 ㎍/mL of MECR. The gingipain activity of Porphyromonas gingivalis were reduced to 3.91~6.23% in case of Kgp and 5.73~7.78% in case of Rgp in the presence of 10 mg/mL of MECR. The expression of fadA mRNA, virulence factor of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) was 3 folds decreased in the presence of 25 ㎍/mL of MECR. In case of YD-38 cells challenged with F. nucleatum, RQ values of IL-8 and IL-6 were reduced about 12 folds and 5.45 folds in the presence of 2 ㎍/mL of MECR. In case of RAW 264.7 murine cell challenged with F. nucleatum, RQ values of IL-1β and IL-6 were 2.52 folds and 2.55 folds reduced in the presences of 2 ㎍/mL of MECR. Conclusively, MECR showed potent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects against oral pathogenic bacteria.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.71-73
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• 2018

최근 Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. polymorphum는 average nucleotide identity 및 genome-to-genome distance 분석법에 의해 Fusobacterium polymorphum로 재분류 되었다. F. polymorphum 그람 음성이면서, 혐기성 및 가는 섬유 모양의 세균이다. F. polymorphum은 사람의 구강 내 정상세균총의 하나이고, 치주질환의 원인 인자이다. F. polymorphum KCOM 1001 (= ChDC F119) 균주가 사람 치은염 병소의 치은연하치면세균막에서 분리되었다. F. polymorphum KCOM 1001 균주 유전체 염기서열을 해독하여 보고한다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.146-148
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• 2018

Fusobacterium animalis (예전에 Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. animalis으로 알려짐)는 그람 음성이면서, 혐기성 및 선형의 세균이다. F. animalis는 사람 구강 내 정상 세균총의 하나이며 치주질환원인균이라 여겨지고 있다. F. animalis KCOM 1280 (= ChDC F318) 균주는 사람 치주질환 병소에서 분리되었다. 본 논문에서 F. animalis KCOM 1280 균주 유전체 염기서열을 해독하여 보고하고자 한다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.74-76
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• 2018

최근 Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. vincentii는 average nucleotide identity 및 genome-to-genome distance 분석법에 의해 Fusobacterium vincentii로 재분류 되었다. F. vincentii는 그람 음성이면서, 혐기성 및 가는 섬유 모양의 세균이다. F. vincentii는 사람의 구강 내 정상세균총의 하나이고, 치주질환에 중요한 역할을 한다. F. vincentii KCOM 2931 균주가 사람 치주염 병소에서 분리되었다. F. vincentii KCOM 2931 균주 유전체 염기서열을 해독하여 보고한다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.266-273
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• 2014

Purpose: We previously reported that human serum significantly reduces the invasion of various oral bacterial species into gingival epithelial cells in vitro. The aims of the present study were to characterize the serum component(s) responsible for the inhibition of bacterial invasion of epithelial cells and to examine their effect on periodontitis induced in mice. Methods: Immortalized human gingival epithelial (HOK-16B) cells were infected with various 5- (and 6-) carboxy-fluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester-labeled oral bacteria, including Fusobacterium nucleatum, Provetella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Treponiema denticola, in the absence or presence of three major serum components (human serum albumin [HSA], pooled human IgG [phIgG] and ${\alpha}1$-antitrypsin). Bacterial adhesion and invasion were determined by flow cytometry. The levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of small GTPases were examined. Experimental periodontitis was induced by oral inoculation of P. gingivalis and T. denticola in Balb/c mice. Results: HSA and phIgG, but not ${\alpha}1$-antitrypsin, efficiently inhibited the invasion of various oral bacterial species into HOK-16B cells. HSA but not phIgG decreased the adhesion of F. nucleatum onto host cells and the levels of intracellular ROS in HOK-16B cells. N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, decreased both the levels of intracellular ROS and invasion of F. nucleatum into HOK-16B cells, confirming the role of ROS in bacterial invasion. Infection with F. nucleatum activated Rac1, a regulator of actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Not only HSA and NAC but also phIgG decreased the F. nucleatum-induced activation of Rac1. Furthermore, both HSA plus phIgG and NAC significantly reduced the alveolar bone loss in the experimental periodontitis induced by P. gingivalis and T. denticola in mice. Conclusions: NAC and the serum components HSA and phIgG, which inhibit bacterial invasion of oral epithelial cells in vitro, can successfully prevent experimental periodontitis.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2014

Halitosis is caused by consumption of certain foods or drinks and production of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) by periodontopathogens. VSCs-related halitosis is not easily removed using mechanical or chemical therapies such as dental floss, plaque control and mouth rinse. Lactobacillus are known to be probiotics and stimulate immune systems of human. Furthermore, L. casei ATCC 334 and L. rhamnosus GG have an effect on protection of dental caries in vitro studies. The aim of this study was to investigate effect of Lactobacillus on halitosis by Fusobacterium nucleatum- and Porphyromonas gingivalis-producing VSCs and to analyze inhibitory mechanism. The periodontopathogens were cultivated in the presence or the absence Lactobacillus, and the level of VSCs was measured by gas chromatograph. For analysis of inhibitory mechanisms, the susceptibility assay of the spent culture medium of Lactobacillus against F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis was investigated. Also, the spent culture medium of Lactobacillus and periodontopathogens were mixed, and the emission of VSCs from the spent culture medium was measured by gas chromatograph. L. casei and L. rhamnosus significantly reduced production of VSCs. L. casei and L. rhamnosus exhibited strong antibacterial activity against F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis. The spent culture medium of L. casei inhibited to emit gaseous hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide from the spent culture medium of periodontopathogens. However, the spent medium of L. rhamnosus repressed only dimethyl sulfide. L. casei ATCC 334 may improve halitosis by growth inhibition of periodontopathogens and reduction of VSCs emission.