• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.293-299
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• 2003

Structure-activity relationship studies of allylamine type of antimycotics were carried out to evaluate the effect of naphthyl and methyl portion of naftifine. Compounds with 4-fluorophenyl(2a-5a), 2-fluorophenyl(2b-5b), 2,4-dichlorophenyl(2c-5c), 2,6-dichlorophenyl(2d-5d), 4-nitrophenyl(2e-5e), and 2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxan-6-yl( 2f-5f) instead of naphthyl group with hydrogen(3a-3f), methyl(4a-4f), and ethyl(5a-5f) in the place of methyl in naftifine were synthesized and tested their in vitro anti-fungal activity against five different fungi. Eight compounds(3a, 5a, 3c, 4c, 4d, 5d, 5e, and 4f) showed significant antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes. (E)-N-Ethyl-(3-phenyl-2-propenyl)-4-nitro-benzenemethaneamine(5e) displayed moderate antifungal activity against all five different fungi.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2014

This study evaluated the effects of frankfurter fat content on Listeria monocytogenes resistance to heat stress and gastric fluid, and the Caco-2 cell invasion efficiency of the pathogen. A 10-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes was inoculated on frankfurters formulated with 10%, 20%, and 30% fat content (10%: F10, 20%: F20, 30%: F30) and stored at $10^{\circ}C$ for 30 d. The samples were analyzed for L. monocytogenes resistance to heat stress and a simulated gastric fluid challenge. The total bacteria and L. monocytogenes survival rates were measured on tryptic soy agar plus 0.6% yeast extract and Palcam agar, respectively. L. monocytogenes colonies inoculated on F10, F20, and F30 samples were used for a Caco-2 cell invasion assay. In general, no obvious differences were observed between the survival rates of total bacteria and L. monocytogenes grown on different fat contents under heat stress and gastric fluid challenge. However, L. monocytogenes obtained from the F30 samples had a significantly higher Caco-2 cell invasion efficiency than those in the F10 and F20 samples (p<0.05). These results indicate that although high fat content in food may not be related to L. monocytogenes resistance to heat stress and gastric fluid, it may increase the Caco-2 cell invasion efficiency of the pathogen.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.127-137
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• 2000

Eleven new compounds that are composed of bis(p-substituted phenyl) terephthalate unitand the decyloxy pendant as lateral were synthesized and their thermal and liquid crystalline properties were studied by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and on a hot-stage of a polarizing microscope. The ter-minal substituent groups of the compound were varied; X= -H(II-H), -F(lI-F), -CII(II-CI), -Br(ll-Br), -I(II-I), -$NO_2(lI-NO_2$), $-CF_3(II-CF_3$), -$OC_2H_5(II-OC_2H_5$), -$OC_4H_9(II-OC_4H_9$), -$C_6H_5(Il-C_6H_5$). The compounds of $II-OC_2H_5,\;II-OC_4H_9$ and $II-C_6H_5$ were monotropically nematic. In contrast, the compounds of Il-H, II-F, II-Cl, II-Br, II-I, $lI-NO_2$, $II-CF_3$, and II-CN did not show liquid crystalline properties.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2001

We measured the electron transport coefficients, the electron drift velocity, W, and the longitudinal diffusion coefficient, $D_{L}$, over the E/N range from 0.03 to 100 Td and gas pressure range from 0.133 to 122 kPa in the 0.526% and 5.05% $C_{3}F_{8}$-Ar mixtures by the double shutter drift tube with variable drift distance. And we calculated these electron transport coefficients by using multi-term approximation of Boltzmann equation analysis. We determined the electron collision cross sections set for $C_{3}F_{8}$ molecule by the comparison of measurement and calculation. Our special attention in the present study was focused upon the inelastic collision cross sections of the $C_{3}F_{8}$ molecule.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.301-306
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• 2006

The electron drift velocity W and the product of the longitudinal diffusion coefficient and the gas number density $ND_{L}$ in the $0.525\;\%$ and $5.05\;\%$ $C_{3}F_8-Ar$ mixtures were measured by using the double shutter drift tube with variable drift distance over the E/N range from 0.03 to 100 Td and gas pressure range from 1 to 915 torr. And we determined the electron collision cross sections set for the $C_{3}F_8$ molecule by STEP 1 of electron swarm method using a multi-term Boltzmann equation analysis. Our special attention in the present study was focused upon the vibrational excitation and new excitations cross sections of the $C_{3}F_8$ molecule.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.934-941
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• 2000

We measured the electron transport coefficients, the electron drift velocity W and the longitudinal diffusion coefficient $D_{L}$ in the 0.526% and 5.05% $C_{3}F_{8}$-Ar mixtures over the E/N range from 0.01 Td to 100 Td by the double shutter drift tube, and compared the measured results by Hunter et al. with those. We determined the inelastic collision cross sections for the $C_{3}F_{8}$ molecule by the comparison of the present measurements and the calculation of electron transport coefficients in the $C_{3}F_{8}$-Ar mixtures by using a multi-term Boltzmann equation analysis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.90-96
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• 2008

We compared the effects of supplementing $L-lysine{\cdot}SO_4$ to L-lysine HCl on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention in weaning pigs. A total of 96 crossbred pigs, weaned at $21{\pm}3$ days of age and with an average initial body weight (BW) $6.23{\pm}0.01kg$, were given one of 4 treatments, which translated into 6 replicates of 4 pigs in each pen. The animals were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments according to a randomized completely block design (RCBD) as follows: 1) control-no synthetic lysine, lysine deficient (0.80% total lysine); 2) L-C (= 0.2% L-lysine HCl); 3) K-L-S (= 0.332% $L-lysine{\cdot}SO_4$, A company); 4) C-L-S (= 0.332% $L-lysine{\cdot}SO_4$, B company). Diets were formulated with corn, soy bean meal, and corn gluten meal as the major ingredients, and all nutrients except the lysine met or exceeded NRC requirements (1998). The lysine content of supplemented synthetic lysine was the same in all treatment groups except the control. No clinical health problems associated with the dietary treatments were observed. During the entire experimental period, body weight, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (G:F ratio) increased (p<0.01) in pigs fed the experimental diets supplemented with L-lysine??HCl or $L-lysine{\cdot}SO_4$ produced by A company, irrespective of the two synthetic lysine sources. Although the supplementation of $L-lysine{\cdot}SO_4$ produced by B company tended to improve the ADG and G:F ratio, significant differences were not seen among all treatments and tended to be lower than the L-C (L-lysine HCl) and K-L-S ($L-lysine{\cdot}SO_4$ groups using the product from A company). The digestibility of crude protein (CP) was increased by the supplementation of synthetic lysine (p<0.05), irrespective of the L-lysine source (L-C, K-L-S, C-L-S). The results of this study showed that ADG, G:F ratio, and CP digestibility improved when $L-lysine{\cdot}SO_4$ or L-lysine HCl was supplemented into the weaning pigs' diet. There was a clear difference in efficacy between the two $lysine{\cdot}SO_4$ products based upon the growth performance of weaning pigs. Consequently, the bioavailability of $lysine{\cdot}SO_4$ products should be evaluated before supplementation of synthetic lysine in swine diets.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2016

Background: Ginsenoside F1, a pharmaceutical component of ginseng, is known to have antiaging, antioxidant, anticancer, and keratinocyte protective effects. However, the usage of ginsenoside F1 is restricted owing to the small amount found in Korean ginseng. Methods: To enhance the production of ginsenoside F1 as a 10 g unit with high specificity, yield, and purity, an enzymatic bioconversion method was developed to adopt the commercial enzyme Cellulase KN from Aspergillus niger with food grade, which has ginsenoside-transforming ability. The proposed optimum reaction conditions of Cellulase KN were pH 5.0 and $50^{\circ}C$. Results: Cellulase KN could effectively transform the ginsenosides Re and Rg1 into F1. A scaled-up biotransformation reaction was performed in a 10 L jar fermenter at pH 5.0 and $50^{\circ}C$ for 48 h with protopanaxatriol-type ginsenoside mixture (at a concentration of 10 mg/mL) from ginseng roots. Finally, 13.0 g of F1 was produced from 50 g of protopanaxatriol-type ginsenoside mixture with $91.5{\pm}1.1%$ chromatographic purity. Conclusion: The results suggest that this enzymatic method could be exploited usefully for the preparation of ginsenoside F1 to be used in cosmetic, functional food, and pharmaceutical industries.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.347-355
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• 1986

The Sonakdong river is very important water source not only for agricultural water of Kimhae field but also for fishery water. Recently the middle and lower areas of the river have the tendency to be heavily contaminated by domestic sewage and agricultural chemicals. Fifty six water samples were collected from 8 stations from July to December in 1985 for the experiment (Fig. 1). To evaluate the water quality, pH, water temperature, electrical conductivity, chloride ion, nutrients ($NO^{-}_{2}-N,\;NO^{-}_{3}-N,\;NH^{+}_{4}-N,\;PO^{3-}_{4}-P,\;SiO_2-Si$), total coliform, fecal coliform, and fecal streptococcus were determined. Range and mean value of the samples were as follows; pH $6.3{\sim}9.4$, 7.91; water temperature $6.1{\sim}34.8^{\circ}C,\;23.88^{\circ}C$; electrical conductivity (from St. A to G) $1.575{\times}10^2{\sim}30.50{\times}10^2{\mu}{\mho}/cm,\;6.57{\times}10^2{\mu}{\mho}/cm$; chloride ion $23.5{\sim}14,300mg/l$, 770.0mg/l; nitrite-nitrogen $0.007{\sim}0.110mg/l$, 0.053mg/l; nitrate-nitrogen $0.001{\sim}1.638mg/l$, 0.649 mg/l; ammonia-nitrogen $0.017{\sim}4.200mg/l$, 0.497mg/l; phosphate-phoshorus $0.011{\sim}0.281mg/l$, 0.086mg/l; and silicate-silicious $2.4{\sim}6.5mg/l$, 4.43mg/l. Electrical conductivity and chloride ion of the station F(Chomanpo) were $2.676{\times}10^2{\mu}{\Omega}cm$ and 123.99mg/l which were lower than those of others. Among the analyzed nutrients, silicate-silicious concentration was the highest through all the samples. The bacterial density of the samples ranged $36{\sim}110,000/100ml$ for total coliform, $15{\sim}46,000/100ml$ for fecal coliform and $3.6{\sim}15,000/100ml$ for fecal streptococcus. The range and the mean of the TC/FC ratio were $3.0{\sim}9.6$, 5.51 and those of the FC/FS ratio were $1.1{\sim}9.2$, 6.19, respectively. On the other hand, fecal coliform was not detected in about $78\%$ of the water samples examined. Composition of coliform was $52\%$ Escherichia coli group, $3\%$ Citrobacter freundii group, $13\%$ Enterobacter aerogenes group and $31\%$ others.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.133-144
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• 1979

To investigate constituents of Strobilomyces floccopus (Fr.) Karst. and Coprinus comatus (Fr.) S. F. Gray, free and total amino acids of the two mushrooms were quantitatively analyzed by G. L. C. and an amino acid analyzer. Free amino acids were extracted from both mushrooms with ethanol. Fourtenn free amino acids were detected from the ethanol extract of S. floccopus and fifteen free amino acids from C. comatus by G. L. C. And the dry carphopores of both mushrooms were hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid and then the total protein amino acids were analyzed by A. A. A. Seventeen total amino acids were detected from each acid-hydrolysate of S. floccopus and C. comatus. Lipids were extracted from the carpophores of S. floccopus and saponified with alcoholic potassium hydroxide. The isolated sterols were subjected to G. L. C. and two sterols were detected. The isolated free fatty acids were methylated with diazomethane and subjected to column chromatography and G. L. C. Eleven saturated and nine unsaturated free fatty acids were detected from the carpophores of S. floccopus. The presence of these nutrient components shows that the two mushrooms can be utilized as edible ones.