• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.227-236
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• 2017

This study attempted to develop and investigate the effects of hair-nourishing cosmetics containing saponin astragaloside from Astragalus membranaceus Bunge on eyebrow growth and development for eventual product development. For this, current use of hair nutrients was investigated in general consumers through a questionnaire survey. A test was conducted for 6 weeks against the same subjects divided into two groups: experimental group with 0.5% saponin astragaloside on the right eyebrow and control group without any astragaloside on the left eyebrow. The results were as follows. In the control group, no significant changes were found in terms of eyebrow length and thickness. In the experimental group with 0.5% saponin astragaloside added, eyebrow length, root, and thickness of the middle area considerably increased. In other words, saponin astragaloside was confirmed an effective natural substance. In addition, subjective assessments such as usability, marketability, and satisfaction assessments supported the usability and market value of saponin astragaloside. Such results reveal that hair-nourishing cosmetics containing saponin astragaloside from Astragalus membranaceus Bunge would be helpful in improving and maintaining eyebrow growth for those concerned about loss and shortening of their eyebrows, showing the potential of product development.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.315-318
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• 2020

Side effects of tattoos can occur due to unexpected body responses. Concerns about the side effects of tattoos are growing concomitantly with the increasing number of tattooed individuals. We report a rare case of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) on a tattooed eyebrow. A 48-year-old woman with no family history or occupational risk of skin cancer had her eyebrows tattooed 6 years prior, and she noticed a black mass on her right eyebrow 1 year before presentation. Staged excision was planned due to the patient's reluctance regarding the possibility of a wide scar. After the first surgical procedure, a histopathological examination confirmed BCC. Wide excision and primary closure were performed for remnant BCC, and no recurrence was observed. The mechanism of skin neoplasms involving tattoos has not been clearly identified. Unapproved tattoo inks contain carcinogenic substances, and previous case reports indicate that skin neoplasms may differ depending on the tattoo color. Therefore, the carcinogenic effects of these unknown components of tattoo ink might cause skin neoplasms. Accurate component analysis and systematic management of tattoo ink is necessary, and medical practitioners must also pay attention to this possibility because it is easy to overlook tattoos as a causal factor contributing to cancer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2009.01a
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• pp.425-428
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• 2009

We have researched and developed the caricature generation system PICASSO. PICASSO outputs the deformed facial caricature by comparing input face with prepared mean face. We specialized it as PICASSO-2 for exhibiting a robot at Aichi EXPO2005. This robot enforced by PICASSO-2 drew a facial caricature on the shrimp rice cracker with the laser pen. We have been recently exhibiting another revised robot characterized by a brush drawing. This system takes a couple of facial images with CCD camera, extracts the facial features from the images, and generates the facial caricature in real time. We experimentally evaluated the performance of the caricatures using a lot of data taken in Aichi EXPO2005. As a result it was obvious that this system were not sufficient in accuracy of eyebrow region extraction and mouth detection. In this paper, we propose the improved methods for eyebrow region extraction and mouth detection.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.120-124
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• 2006

Objective : This study is aimed to assess the clinical outcome in early and minimally invasive surgery using incision for the patients with poor grade aneurysm. Methods : The authors retrospectively reviewed all 46 poor grade patients of Hunt and Hess[H-H] grade IV and V who suffered aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage[SAH] between 1999 and 2004. All 35 patients harboring 43 aneurysms who underwent early surgery within 72 hours were included in this study. Clinical outcome was assessed by Glasgow outcome scale[GOS] and compared with that of conventional pterional approach. Results : Twenty four patients were operated with conventional pterional approach and 11 with eyebrow approach within 72 hours after SAH. Seven multiple aneurysm patients harbor 15 aneurysms, Forty one aneurysms were treated with clippings. All 11 patients of eyebrow surgery group[ESG] were in H-H grade IV, 3 in Fisher grade III and 8 in Fisher grade IV. Among 24 patients of pterional approach group[PAG]. 20 were in H-H grade IV and 4 in H-H grade V, 3 were in Fisher grade III and 21 in Fisher grade IV. Overall favorable outcome was achieved in 41.7% and 54.5% in PAG and ESG, respectively. Favorable outcome of H-H grade IV in PAG showed 45.0%. Overall mortality rate was 14.3%. Conclusion : It is concluded that the clinical outcome of early and minimally invasive aneurysmal surgery using eyebrow incision in the selected poor grade aneurysm patients can be compatible with that of conventional pterional surgery.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.34-47
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• 2015

Sexiness is the image of a person who attracts attention regardless of his/her age, and today's society has created a more positive impression by transforming the image into something others consider even more attractive. Consequently, we begin to take interest in makeup, - a means of portraying a good impression. Eyebrow makeup in particular, being at the center of the determining factor of a good facial image, can be thought of as the makeup that can most effectively transform one's image. The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference in perceived sexiness depending on the general perception of eyebrow makeup. This study produced an eyebrow stimulus that applied the average rate of change in an image transformation of different eyebrows in order to raise the objective credibility of the sensibility evaluation so it could determine the figure of influence that eyebrows had on facial impressions. The research results showed that the majority of female university students believed that eyebrows were an effective means of expression in changing facial images and attributed a higher mature and sexy image if the average ratio of change was higher. The study, could also identify that a sexy image was perceived when the average rate of change was between 0.39~0.44. In addition, when the gradient of the shape of the viewers' own eyebrows was low, it could be verified that they perceived an image to be sexy from seeing eyebrows with a relatively high gradient.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.218-222
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• 2023

Background: Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxic substance with a wide range of uses, from the treatment of musculoskeletal spasms to anti-aging regimens by improving wrinkles. Split-face studies in which drugs are injected in the right and left sides of the faces have been actively conducted in botulinum toxin studies. In this study, we aimed to investigate the reliability of a split-face study for determining the effectiveness of botulinum toxin based on eyebrow height and movement, and electromyography results. Methods: Thirty-one women aged 35 to 55 years were included in the study. Eyebrow height was measured as the distance from the eyebrows to the upper eyelid margin on the primary gaze, and eyebrow movement was measured as the distance when the forehead was wrinkled for 5 seconds. A noninvasive method was used for electromyography of the frontalis muscles. Results: No statistically significant differences in right and left eyebrow heights and movements, and electromyography findings (p= 0.256, p= 1.000, and p= 0.978, respectively) were found. Pearson correlation analysis showed that electromyography muscle activity is positively associated with eyebrow movement, respectively (p< 0.001). Conclusion: We advocate the reliability of split-face study and the usefulness of electromyography of frontalis muscle in forehead rejuvenation research.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.65 no.6
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• pp.846-852
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• 2022

Objective : Traumatic intracranial hematomas have been rarely evacuated by endoscopic surgery. The frontal lobe is the usual location for the traumatic intracerebral hematoma (TICH). Endoscopic evacuation for the frontal TICHs via an eyebrow incision is to be presented as minimally invasive surgery. Methods : Thirteen patients with frontal TICHs were managed with endoscopic hematoma evacuation via eyebrow incision. After making the incision in the lateral eyebrow, a small frontal craniotomy was made, and the hematoma was evacuated under direct visualization of a rigid endoscope. No catheter was placed. Orbital rim resection, hematoma evacuation rate, surgical complications, and outcome at discharge were analyzed. Results : Men were 11 and the mean age was 54 years old (range, 27-86). Orbitotomy was performed in four patients, and no effect on the hematoma evacuation rate was observed. More than 80% of the hematoma volume was successfully removed in 10 cases. Hematoma configuration was not related to the hematoma evacuation rate. None of the patients underwent revision operation or decompressive craniectomy. Conclusion : Endoscopic evacuation of the TICHs with the supraorbital approach may be a good method to evacuate the hematoma located in the frontal base.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.271-276
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose is to present an useful and simple surgical method to improve the aging of upper third face in patients with high frontal hairline as well as low frontal hairline. Methods: Forty eight female patients were treated with subcutaneous forehead lift using an anterior hairline incision over 14 years. This surgical technique is performed under direct vision utilizing a beveled incision made 4 to 5 mm into the anterior hairline with subcutaneous dissection, which is continued near to eyebrow, sometimes extended to supraorbital rim to remove corrugator and procerus muscles. In patients with high frontal hairline, excess forehead skin anterior to incision line is removed. On the contrary in the patients with low frontal hairline, scalp posterior to incision line is removed. Results: This technique provided constant and good results with the forty six patients, who were satisfied with eyebrow elevation and removal of wrinkles in forehead and glabellar region. However two patients were undercorrected, and focal alopecia developed in another two patients. One patient complained of pruritus over one year, but subsided spontaneously without any treatment. Temporary paresthesia developed in the forehead and frontal scalp of all cases after operation but permanent sensory loss never occurred in all the patients. Conclusion: Subcutaneous forehead lift using an anterior hairline incision is suggested to be one of the effective surgical methods to improve the aging of upper third face in the patients with high frontal hairline as well as low frontal hairline.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.891-894
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• 1998

This paper introduces an automatic face region extraction method. This method consists of two part: face recognition and extraction of facial organs which are eye, eyebrow, nose and mouth. In first stage, we use genetic algorithms(GAs) to get face region in complex background. In second stage, we use Geometrical Face Model to textract eye, eyebrow, nose and mouth. In both stage, stochastic component is used to deal with the problems caused by had lighting condition. According to this value, blurring number is determined. Average Computation time is less than 1 sec, and using this method we can extract facial feature efficiently from several images which has different lightning condition.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.671-673
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• 2005

Difficulties with intraoperative fixation of hair or eyebrow sometimes occur because of displacement or dislodgment of hair during surgery. So we have found that the simple application of a small transparent adhesive disposable dressing, such as $Tegaderm^{(R)}$ or OpSite $Flexigrid^{(R)}$, can prevent this. One of the advantages of this technique, compared with stapler fixation of the hair, is that it does not cause local trauma. An OpSite $Flexigrid^{(R)}$ or $Tegaderm^{(R)}$ is placed such that it covers both the scar and operation site hair. The hair or eyebrow were easily, quickly, and firmly positioned even on the nonshaved scalp. The technique seems to have no drawbacks, and when the $Tegaderm^{(R)}$ or Opsite $Flexigrid^{(R)}$ is removed, patient experiences little discomfort. We have never seen an allergic or direct traumatic cutaneous response following the use of these materials.