• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.32.1-32.10
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• 2023

Background: The association between vitamin D and canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) has not been investigated in dogs. Objectives: To investigate the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations with Schirmer tear test 1 (STT-1) and tear film breakup time (TFBUT) in dogs. Methods: Sixty-one clinically healthy, client-owned dogs were enrolled. STT-1 and TFBUT were measured in 122 (61dogs) and 82 (41 dogs out of total 61 dogs) eyes, respectively. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were evaluated by quantitative chemiluminescent immunoassay. The dogs were classified into 6 groups according to the evaluations (STT-1: group 1, normal [≥ 15 mm/min] in both eyes; group 2, normal in one eye and abnormal [< 15 mm/min] in the fellow eye; group 3, abnormal in both eyes; TFBUT: group 4, normal [≥ 20 sec] in both eyes; group 5, normal in one eye and abnormal [< 20 sec] in the fellow eye; group 6, abnormal in both eyes). Results: STT-1 was positively correlated with TFBUT (p < 0.001). Among the STT-1 groups, the mean serum 25(OH)D concentration in group 1 was significantly higher than in groups 2 and 3 with positive correlation (p < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences among the TFBUT groups 4, 5, and 6. Conclusions: In dogs, it was found that serum 25(OH)D concentrations had a greater effect on quantitative KCS than qualitative KCS. Therefore, it is considered that measurement of serum 25(OH)D concentration could be included in the diagnostic tests in canine quantitative KCS patients.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.209-217
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• 2011

Purpose: In this study, eye-health inequity was investigated by analyzing the relationship between household incomes and eye-health of senior citizens. Further, this study suggested the preliminary data for establishment of public eye-health policy in order to improve low income senior citizens' life quality. Methods: The data from the 2009 Survey of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination were analyzed in this study. The objectives of the KNHNE survey were over 65 year old group (1,668 people). Main factors of eye-health (visual acuity, cataract, pterygium, intraocular pressure, retinophathy, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinophathy, myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia prevalence) were analyzed with t-test and chi square test. Results: Low income group revealed that refractive error rate and intraocular pressure were low, however, naked eye visual acuity and corrected visual acuity were high at 0.1 to less than 0.5. On the other hands, in the high income group, there was high prevalence of hyperopia. Cataract mainly occurred at low income group besides group which maximum corrected visual acuity was below 0.8 also highly showed cataract. Moreover, the prevalence of cataract showed that it related with smoking, drinking, occupation, and education level. Conclusions: Results revealed that there was inequity of eye-health which related with socioeconomic status of the elderly. Especially, the prevalence of cataract was correlated with life quality. Consequently, establishment of public eye-health policy seems to be required for eye-health inequity of low income senior citizens.

• Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society
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• v.59 no.12
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• pp.1103-1107
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• 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical effect of intense regulated pulse light (IRPL) and changes in tear film thickness in dry eye patients. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 25 patients with Meibomian gland dysfunction who had subjective dry eye discomfort and whose tear film break-up time (TBUT) was < 10 seconds. All patients were treated with IRPL three times on days 1, 15, and 45. TBUT, Schirmer 1 test results, cornea staining score with fluorescein, ocular surface disease index (OSDI), and lipid layer thickness were measured and compared before and after the procedure. Results: TBUT was significantly increased from $3.7{\pm}1.2s$ to $4.4{\pm}2.1s$ after IRPL (p = 0.03). Schirmer 1 test and cornea staining scores changed significantly (p < 0.01 and p = 0.01, respectively). OSDI also showed a statistically significant improvement from $39.5{\pm}17.5points$ to $30.4{\pm}18.7points$ (p = 0.01). However, no significant difference in lipid layer thickness was observed (p = 0.49). Conclusions: IRPL is an effective treatment modality to improve TBUT, Schirmer 1 test scores, cornea staining scores, and subjective dry eye symptoms.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 2000

To investigate the distribution of dry eye and to accept diagnosis methods of dry eye in ophthalmic shop, this study was performed on 81 persons(male : 49, female : 32). 1. We divided two group for diagnosing dry eye by dry eye screening questionnaire : one was dry eye symptom group(49.3%) and the other was non-dry eye symptom group(50.7%). 2. Non-invasive break-up time(NIBUT) which was measured by using Tear $scope^{(R)}$ (Killer. co)was longer than invasive break-up time(IBUT). 3. A blink rate in dry eye symptom group(10%) was measured lesser than 10 cycle/min, in non-dry eye symptom group(14.9%). 4. In shirmer test there were lesser than 10mm/5min in dry eye symptom group(67.5%), in non-dry eye symptom group(39%). 5. Cornea and conjunctival staining by rose bengal represented Mild 25%, medium 36.25%, extreme 38.75% in dry eye symptom group. Non-dry eye symptom group was showed Mild 19.51%, medium 14.63%, extreme 12.19%. 6. These results showed that the patient showed dry eye symptom in 3 items of eye examination was 22.5%, 4 items 25%, 5 items 30%, 6 items 15%.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.81-84
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• 2001

This study can provide the accurate information on the treatment of visual acuity of a old ages by test of eye refraction state. The test was performed the visual acuity test by the object methods, and subjects was the over 45 old age. The eye types were 12% positive for emmetropia, 19% for myopia. and 69% for hyperopia, respectively. The abnormal refraction eyes were 3% positive for simple myopic astigmatism, 16% for myopic astigmatism, 14% for simple hyperopia, 5% for simple hyperopic astigmatism, 62% for mixed astigmatism, respectively. The axis of astigmatisms were 72% positive for against-the-rule astigmatism, 21% for with-the-rule astigmatism, 7% for ablique astigmatism, respectively.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.506-508
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• 1999

An one-year-old, female pointer dog with conjunctival hyperemia, corneal opaque and ocular pain in right eye was referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Chungbuk National University. In the ophthalmic examination the worm was observed in anterior chamber, The heart worm antigen test was positive. A modified Knott's test was negative. The values of complete blood count and serum chemistry (TP, BUN, creatinine, AST, ALT, ALP, albumin, globuline) showed normal ranges. Any abnormality was not detected in the heart using a thoracic radiography and cardiac sonography. Therefore, this dog was diagnosed as ocular filariasis. The worm was removed by surgical incision through a limbus of cornea. The closure of limbal incision was sutured in a simple interrupted suture pattern with 6-0 silk and the eye was reinflated with sterile saline solution. Antibiotics and dexamethasone ophthalmic solution were applied to right eye every 24 hours for 7 days. To prevent latent filariasis, ivermectin was also administered on day 14 of operation. The heart worm antigen test on day 60 was negative. The dog was successfully cured.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.76-81
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• 2011

The study of irritation and toxicity of honeybee(Apis mellifera. L) venom collected by a bee venom collector applied topically to the skin and mucous membrane were carried out to prove the safety of honeybee venom in clinical use. Animal for the research was the rabbit and the solution for the test was made from honeybee venom. Six animals were used for the skin test and nine animals were used for the eye mucous membrane test. In results, both tests proved that honeybee venom makes no irritable reaction on skin and eye mucous membrane of rabbit. We consider that this result is helpful for saying about the safety of honeybee venom in clinical use.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 1996

Eye irritation, primary skin irritation and skin sensitization tests for Aloewhite were tested in New Zealand White rabbits and Hartley guinea pig. In primary skin irritation test of male New Zealand White rabbits, body weights were not significantly changed and Primary Irritation Index (PII) was O.47, indicating Aloewhite as mildly irritating material. In ocular irritation test, any injury on iris, conjunctival membrane, and cornea in New Zealand White rabbits was not observed. No injuries of the ocular mucous membrane were also recorded. Skin sensitization was tested in guinea pig after intradermal and epicutaneous induction and graded 1 with zero % sensitization rate. These results indicate that Aloewhite was not considered to be irritant in test organs of animals.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.161-164
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• 2001

The purpose of our study was stability of tear film for Korean. In the 1970s, the major problem for the contact lens practitioner was the management of contact lens parameters. In the 1980s, oxygen permeability was the main problem in contact lens practice: now it is dry eyes. To appropriately fit the patient with contact lenses it is imperative to know in advance if the patient has a marginal dry eye. Based on the initial diagnosis appropriate care can be taken to minimize problems with the result that the patient can successfully wear contact lenses. A well known test for dry eyes is Schirmer test which has shown to be useful for diagnosing Sjogren syndrome. Biomicroscopy can often unmask numerous problems. The classical test for marginal dry eye is measuring the tear break up time(TBUT). A dry eye problem with contact lenses is often caused by the lid. If an incomplete blink is responsible for the dry eye it is possible to change the situation by blinking exercises. The result of these test, mean value of age was 22.8, mean value of blink rate was 19 times/min, mean value of Schirmer test was 25 mm/5 min, mean value of TBUT was 7.1 sec.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.76-76
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• 2000

The calibration of the robot system with a visual sensor consists of robot, hand-to-eye, and sensor calibration. This paper describe a new technique for computing 3D position and orientation of a 3D sensor system relative to the end effect of a robot manipulator in an eye-on-hand robot configuration. When the 3D coordinates of the feature points at each robot movement and the relative robot motion between two robot movements are known, a homogeneous equation of the form AX : XB is derived. To solve for X uniquely, it is necessary to make two robot arm movements and form a system of two equation of the form: A$_1$X : XB$_1$ and A$_2$X = XB$_2$. A closed-form solution to this system of equations is developed and the constraints for solution existence are described in detail. Test results through a series of simulation show that this technique is simple, efficient, and accurate fur hand/eye calibration.