• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2013

Since the shell-molds are used to make casting the metal parts for the automobile industry, the quality may well be inconsistent with the lower productivity, increasing the cost of the end products. The primary elbow design shell molded steel castings being produced through extrusion process has $180^{\varnothing}$ O.D., $150^{\varnothing}$ I.D., 14mm thickness and 400mm length, while being processed onto the left side of the tubing. The primary cause for the poor processing is the uneven manual shell molding. If the manual shell molds should be produced to have even quality, they would not be processed for tube linking. The purpose of this study was to develop the flask-molds for manufacturing of the shell molds to ensure mass-production, consistent quality, ommission of processing and comfortable working environment. For this purpose, four flask-molds were produced and thereby, four shell molds were assembled. In particular, the shell molds for processing were formed of the fine coated sand to be blown. As a result, productivity increased about three times, while a consistent quality was ensured. Furthermore, the tubes could be linked with each other without being processed, while pallets could be stacked, stored, transported and managed more easily. In a nut-shell, the molding theory could be applied more effectively. However, it is conceived that this study should be followed up by future studies which will research into reliability and endurability of the end products.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.597-602
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• 2017

In this study, an Al-0.7wt%Fe-0.2wt%Mg-0.2wt%Cu-0.02wt%B alloy was designed to fabricate an aluminum alloy for electrical wire having both high strength and high conductivity. The designed Al alloy was processed by casting, extrusion and drawing processes. Especially, the drawing process was done by severe deformation of a rod with an initial diameter of 12 mm into a wire of 2 mm diameter; process was equivalent to an effective strain of 3.58, and the total reduction in area was 97 %. The drawn Al alloy wire was then annealed at various temperatures of 200 to $400^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes. The mechanical properties, microstructural changes and electrical properties of the annealed specimens were investigated. As the annealing temperature increased, the tensile strength decreased and the elongation increased. Recovery or/and recrystallization occurred as annealing temperature increased, and complete recrystallization occurred at annealing temperatures over $300^{\circ}C$. Electric conductivity increased with increasing temperature up to $250^{\circ}C$, but no significant change was observed above $300^{\circ}C$. It is concluded that, from the viewpoint of the mechanical and electrical properties, the specimen annealed at $350^{\circ}C$ is the most suitable for the wire drawn Al alloy electrical wire.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.211-231
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• 2014

Prestressed hollow-core slabs (HCS) are widely used for modern lightweight precast floor structures because they are cost-efficient by reducing materials, and have excellent flexural strength and stiffness by using prestressing tendons, compared to reinforced concrete (RC) floor system. According to the recently revised ACI318-08, the web-shear capacity of HCS members exceeding 315 mm in depth without the minimum shear reinforcement should be reduced by half. It is, however, difficult to provide shear reinforcement in HCS members produced by the extrusion method due to their unique concrete casting methods, and thus, their shear design is significantly affected by the minimum shear reinforcement provision in ACI318-08. In this study, a large number of shear test data on HCS members has been collected and analyzed to examine their web-shear capacity with consideration on the minimum shear reinforcement requirement in ACI318-08. The analysis results indicates that the minimum shear reinforcement requirement for deep HCS members are too severe, and that the web-shear strength equation in ACI318-08 does not provide good estimation of shear strengths for HCS members. Thus, in this paper, a rational web-shear strength equation for HCS members was derived in a simple manner, which provides a consistent margin of safety on shear strength for the HCS members up to 500 mm deep. More shear test data would be required to apply the proposed shear strength equation for the HCS members over 500 mm in depth though.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2011

모든 고체로켓 추진제들은 화학적 상태에 따라 균질(복기)과 비균질(혼합형)의 2가지 기본 종류로 나뉜다. 오늘날 혼합형 추진제는 가스발생기와 소형 로켓으로부터 우주개발을 위한 거대 발사체까지 동력원으로써 광범위하게 사용된다. 과거에 혼합형 로켓 추진제의 개발은 주로 열경화성 폴리머에 국한되었다. 그러나 열경화성 혼합형 추진제는 로켓 체계조건에 부합하기 위해 조성과 제조공정에 있어 복잡성을 갖는다. 열경화성 추진제와 대조해서, 개량된 PVC 및 TPE 계열 열가소성 추진제는 중간 정도의 성능과 기계적 성질을 갖지만 제조공정에서의 손실, 원재료의 저가와 취급 공정의 안정성을 갖는다. 이런 장점으로 인해 향후, 열가소성 추진제가 여타 추진제보다 폭넓게 사용될 것이라 예측된다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.394-408
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• 2002

Nanostructured high strength metastable Al-, Mg- and Ti-based alloys containing different amorphous, quasicrystalline and nanocrystalline phases are synthesized by non-equilibrium processing techniques. Such alloys can be prepared by quenching from the melt or by powder metallurgy techniques. This paper focuses on one hand on mechanically alloyed and ball milled powders containing different volume fractions of amorphous or nano-(quasi)crystalline phases, consolidated bulk specimens and, on the other hand. on cast specimens containing different constituent phases with different length-scale. As one example. $Mg_{55}Y_{15}Cu_{30}$- based metallic glass matrix composites are produced by mechanical alloying of elemental powder mixtures containing up to 30 vol.% $Y_2O_3$ particles. The comparison with the particle-free metallic glass reveals that the nanosized second phase oxide particles do not significantly affect the glass-forming ability upon mechanical alloying despite some limited particle dissolution. A supercooled liquid region with an extension of about 50 K can be maintained in the presence of the oxides. The distinct viscosity decrease in the supercooled liquid regime allows to consolidate the powders into bulk samples by uniaxial hot pressing. The $Y_2O_3$ additions increase the mechanical strength of the composites compared to the $Mg_{55}Y_{15}Cu_{30}$ metallic glass. The second example deals with Al-Mn-Ce and Al-Cu-Fe composites with quasicrystalline particles as reinforcements, which are prepared by quenching from the melt and by powder metallurgy. $Al_{98-x}Mn_xCe_2$ (x =5,6,7) melt-spun ribbons containing a major quasicrystalline phase coexisting with an Al-matrix on a nanometer scale are pulverized by ball milling. The powders are consolidated by hot extrusion. Grain growth during consolidation causes the formation of a micrometer-scale microstructure. Mechanical alloying of $Al_{63}Cu_{25}Fe_{12}$ leads to single-phase quasicrystalline powders. which are blended with different volume fractions of pure Al-powder and hot extruded forming $Al_{100-x}$$(Al_{0.63}Cu_{0.25}Fe_{0.12})_x$ (x = 40,50,60,80) micrometer-scale composites. Compression test data reveal a high yield strength of ${\sigma}_y{\geq}$700 MPa and a ductility of ${\varepsilon}_{pl}{\geq}$5% for than the Al-Mn-Ce bulk samples. The strength level of the Al-Cu-Fe alloys is ${\sigma}_y{\leq}$550 MPa significantly lower. By the addition of different amounts of aluminum, the mechanical properties can be tuned to a wide range. Finally, a bulk metallic glass-forming Ti-Cu-Ni-Sn alloy with in situ formed composite microstructure prepared by both centrifugal and injection casting presents more than 6% plastic strain under compressive stress at room temperature. The in situ formed composite contains dendritic hcp Ti solid solution precipitates and a few $Ti_3Sn,\;{\beta}$-(Cu, Sn) grains dispersed in a glassy matrix. The composite micro- structure can avoid the development of the highly localized shear bands typical for the room temperature defor-mation of monolithic glasses. Instead, widely developed shear bands with evident protuberance are observed. resulting in significant yielding and homogeneous plastic deformation over the entire sample.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2021

이 연구에서는 3D 프린팅 복합재료의 레올로지 특성과 출력 패턴에 따른 적층 시험체의 압축강도 특성을 평가하였다. 레올로지 측정결과, 압출 후 60분 후부터 급격한 재료 변화가 나타났으며, 배합직후 대비 1.4배 높은 항복응력과 14.94~25.62% 낮은 소성점도를 나타내었다. 실린더 몰드에 제작한 시험체와 적층 시험체의 압축강도를 비교하였으며, 적층 시험체의 출력패턴은 0°, 45°, 90°를 변수로 하였다. 재령 1~28일까지의 몰드 타설 시험체와 적층 시험체의 압축강도는 출력 패턴과 관계없이 유사한 성능을 나타내었다. 특히, 재령 28일에서는 모든 시험체의 초기 접선탄성계수와 최고 압축강도 및 최대 응력 시 변형률은 거의 동일하게 나타났다. X-ray CT분석을 통한 적층 시험체의 계면 분석결과, 압축강도 측정 후의 시험체의 적층 계면에서의 균열이 발생하지 않은 것을 확인하였으며, 이는 적층 시험체 내의 각각의 계면이 일체화 거동을 한 것으로 판단할 수 있다.