• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.396-398
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• 2003

A 2 year-old, 3.8 kg, intact female Maltese was presented with unilateral pain and reddish discharge from the left ear caused by a polyp in the horizontal ear canal. The polyp was diagnosed as osteoma histopathologically and removed through total ear canal ablation. Three months after surgery, osteoma was recurred and broken out of edematous skin lesion. It was considered that an inappropriate surgical removal of the tissue which attached base boarder of the polyp would be cause of the recurrence of the osteoma.

• IE interfaces
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.147-156
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• 2000

It is known that the human stature and its related dimensions generally increase until the late teens or early twenties, remain relatively constant throughout early adulthood, and decline from early-to-middle adulthood into old age. However, there is exception that the length of the human ears, which continue to grow throughout life. In this study, 600 Korean male and female subjects aging from 17 to 89 were selected. Four different points of external ears including Pinna length, ear connection point length, Concha length, and Lobule thickness were measured along with other relative subjects' demographic data(e.g., age, stature, weight) to determine the relationship among these obtained data. The results showed that the age, sex, and different ethnic populations were functions of ear dimensions similar to the human stature. For example, the Pinna length increases as the age increases(r= 0.689, p<0.00l). The primary objective of this study was thus to provide anthropometric dimensions of Korean ear for the product designers and recommend the appropriate product design solutions in relation to human ear. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that the continuing growth of the human body parts should be considered in the application of anthropometric data to the design of the things especially for human use.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.266-270
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• 2019

A 13-year-old spayed female American cocker spaniel dog was submitted to an animal hospital with a mass from left ear canal and enlarged left parotid lymph node. Given one-year history of odorous exudates and chronic otitis externa, total ear canal ablation was performed. Grossly, because of the neoplastic mass in both inner and outside of annular cartilage in external ear, vertical ear canal was severely narrowed. Histologically, there were numerous proliferated glands in the ear canal mass. Many neoplastic glands contained secretory vesicles on the free margin and necrotic cellular debris. Severe multifocal necrosis and strong invasion were also observed throughout the mass. Massive metastatic foci of glandular structures originated from ceruminous gland were presented in the enlarged parotid lymph node. Neoplastic glandular epithelia contained PAS-positive diastase-resistant eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells showed positive reactions for cytokeratin (CK) 7 and negative for CK 5/6. Based on the clinical implication and gross findings, histopathology and immunohistochemistry, this case was diagnosed as metastatic ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma in the American cocker spaniel.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.69-72
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• 2011

Eosinophilic granuloma is a common hypersensitive inflammatory skin disease in cats, and rare in dogs and horses. The skin biopsies of 5 years old female Cocker spaniel and 2 years old female mixed dog had the clinical signs of skin nodules with alopecia were submitted for diagnosis. Solitary skin nodules and papillary nodules were presented on the left external ear and back of Cocker spaniel and on the external ear of mixed dog, respectively. Histopathologically, epidermis of skin showed mild to severe hyperplasia with multifocal ulceration. Small to large irregular, brightly eosinophilic foci with degenerating eosinophils and homogeneous degenerated collagens were existed in the dermis of both ear and back skin. Typical 'flame figures', a mixture of degenerated collagen and degranulated eosinophils, were observed in both cases. Based on the histopathologic findings and special staining characters, 2 cases were diagnosed as canine eosinophilic granuloma. This is the first report for the eosinophilic granuloma of dogs in Korea.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.622-625
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• 2010

Inflammatory polyps in feline ear are nonneoplastic, inflammatory growths that arise from the middle ear or the eustachian tube and extended into the pharynx or external ear canal. Two 2-year-old female Russian blue cats showed 2-3 weeks history of aural discharge, crust formation in external ear, and head or ear shaking. Two masses were surgically excised from ear canal, and submitted for diagnosis. Histopathologically, these masses were covered with hyperplastic ciliated epithelium or nonkeratinizing squamous epithelium with partial erosion and ulceration. The core of masses was consisted of proliferated connective tissue and massive infiltration of mononuclear cells. Immunohistochemically, about 90% of infiltrated mononuclear cells demonstrated CD3 positive T cell. According to both polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcriptase-PCR, tissues samples were negative for feline viral pathogens. Based on the clinical, gross, histopathologic findings, these two cases were diagnosed as inflammatory polyps originated from the middle ear in cats.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.1042-1050
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• 2004

Theoretical study has been conducted to clarify pressure characteristics of KTX(Korea Train eXpress) in tunnel. The severe pressure change in tunnel may give rise to the ear-discomfort for passenger and fatigue for car body. The external and internal pressure of rolling stock have been measured by using the running test with atmospheric pressure sensors and portable data acquisition system in high speed train. In this study, the tunnels from 200m to 4000m in length have been chosen for the investigation of tunnel length effects. We found that there are similar patterns of external pressure change for each critical tunnel length. The critical tunnel lengths are governed by train speed, train length and sonic velocity. And, the patterns of pressure wave in tunnel are classified into eight groups.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.93-96
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• 2000

Bone-anchored auricular prosthesis have been proved that was another apporach to the treatment of the defective external ear. A 19years old woman with hemifacial microsomia was treated with osseointegrated implants for the support of craniofacial prosthesis. 3 implants were placed in temporal region and craniofacial prosthesis was retained with telescopic magnet retention system. The literatures and surgical technique are reviewed and our experience is presented.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.1655-1660
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• 2004

Theoretical study has been conducted to clarify pressure characteristics of KTX(Korea Train eXpress) in tunnel. The external and internal pressure of rolling stock have been measured by using the atmospheric pressure sensors and portable data acquisition system on Seoul-Busan high speed railroad line. These pressure change may give rise to the ear-discomfort for passenger and fatigue for car body. In this study, the tunnels from 200m to 4000m in length have been chosen for the investigation of tunnel length effects. From the results of experiment, the pattern of pressure change generally agrees to RTRI's experimental result for Shinkansen. We found that there are similar patterns of external pressure variation for each critical tunnel length. The critical tunnel lengths are governed by train speed, train length and sonic velocity.

• International Journal of Railway
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.169-174
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• 2008

Experimental study has been conducted to clarify the internal and external pressure variation characteristics for KTX(Korea Train eXpress) passing through tunnel. Abrupt pressure variation gives rise to the ear-discomfort for passenger and fatigue for car body. In this study, the internal and external pressure variation are measured by using KTX real train experiment and on-board portable data acquisition system in Gyeongbu high speed commercial line. The tunnels from 200 m to 4000 m in length are chosen for the investigation of tunnel length effects. From the results of experiment, the internal pressure variation rate for all the test tunnels is lower than the standard criteria of 200 Pa/s. And, the critical tunnel lengths for pressure wave pattern are classified into 7 groups by using the theoretical L-t diagram analysis.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of a wireless transceiver that can be inserted into the ear canal. The wireless technology could minimize the cosmetic problems of patients, and it can be applied to binaural hearing aids for improving speech perception. In order to implement the ear canal insertable transceiver, simple finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations were carried out to determine the feasibility, and the hardware of the transceiver was implemented within the ear shell. The size of the implemented transceiver was only $7{\times}7mm$, and it could successfully transmit signals to external devices. In order to measure the radiation pattern, a simple RF phantom was used, and the maximum attenuation from the phantom was observed to be 23 dB when the reference antenna was placed at a distance of 2 m from the transmitter.