• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.2543-2546
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• 2015

Purpose: Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) is a form of palliative care for patients with malignant obstructive jaundice. We here compared the infection incidence between internal-external and external drainage for patients with malignant obstructive jaundice. Methods: Patients with malignant obstructive jaundice without infection before surgery receiving internal-external or external drainage from January 2008 to July 2014 were recruited. According to percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), if the guide wire could pass through the occlusion and enter the duodenum, we recommended internal-external drainage, and external drainage biliary drainage was set up if the occlusion was not crossed. All patients with infection after procedure received a cultivation of blood and a bile bacteriological test. Results: Among 110 patients with malignant obstructive jaundice, 22 (52.4%) were diagnosed with infection after the procedure in the internal-external drainage group, whereas 19 (27.9%) patients were so affected in the external drainage group, the difference being significant (p<0.05). In 8 patients (36.3%) in the internal-external group infection was controlled, as compared to 12 (63.1%) in the external group (p< 0.05). The mortality rate for patients with infection not controlled in internal-external group in one month was 42.8%, while this rate in external group was 28.6% (p< 0.05). Conclusion: External drainage is a good choice, which could significantly reduce the chance of biliary infection caused by bacteria, and decrease the mortality rate at one month and improve the long-term prognosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.21
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• pp.9391-9394
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• 2014

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of internal-external percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (IEPTBD) for patients with malignant obstructive jaundice. Methods: During the period of January 2008 and July 2013, internal-external drainage was performed in 42 patients with malignant obstructive jaundice. During the procedure, if the guide wire could pass through the occlusion and into the duodenum, IEPTBD was performed. External drainage biliary catheter was placed if the occlusion was not crossed. Newly onset of infection, degree of bilirubin decrease and the survival time of patients were selected as parameters to evaluate the effect of IEPTBD. Results: Twenty newly onset of infection were recorded after procedure and new infectious rate was 47.6%. Sixteen patients with infection (3 before, 13 after drainage) were uncontrolled after procedure, 12 of them (3 before, 9 after drainage) died within 1 month. The mean TBIL levels declined from 299.53 umol/L before drainage to 257.62 umol/L after drainage, while uninfected group decline from 274.86 umol/L to 132.34 umol/Lp (P < 0.5). The median survival time for uninfected group was 107 days, and for infection group was 43 days (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The IEPTBD drainage may increase the chance of biliary infection, reduce bile drainage efficiency and decrease the long-term prognosis, and the external drainage is a better choice for patients with malignant obstructive jaundice need to biliary drainage.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.176-179
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• 2004

Surgical treatment for afferent loop syndrome (ALS) in patients with recurrent gastric cancer is usually not feasible because of the recurrent tumor mass at the anastomosis site and/or extensive carcinomatosis resulting in bowel loop fixation. Furthermore, ALS usually makes oral intake impossible, resulting in a rapid deterioration in general condition. In this situation, gastroscopic stenting at the anastomotic site and/or percutaneous external drainage may be a more feasible alternative for palliation. We herein report a recurrent gastric cancer whose ALS was successfully treated with internal and external drainage procedures.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2014

Purpose: The propose of this study was to introduce the clamping protocols for a biliary external drainage tube and trace the results of using clamping protocols to prevent some possible biliary complications or enable their early detection in living-donor liver transplantation. Method: This study was a retrospective study to analyze the cases of 97 subjects who had undergone liver transplantation in a hospital in Seoul, Korea. Clamping protocol 1 was applied to 47 patients, and clamping protocol 2 was applied to 50 patients. Results: In the case of protocol 1, the success rate of the clamping protocol was 74.5%, while that of protocol 2 was 84.0%. However, there was no significant difference in the compiled statistics from authentic sources (p = .246). Conclusions: The difference in the success rate between the two protocols was not significant for the clamping protocols of the biliary external drainage tube. However protocol 2 is suggested for the clamping method due to the simplicity of application. Further study with a large sample size is suggested.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.103-109
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• 2009

Purpose: Cases of male external genitalia lymphedema are relatively uncommon in the clinical physical therapy field. Of more than two thousand clinical cases treated by the author in the lymphedema treatment center, only 4~5 cases of male external genitalia lymphedema were encountered. The present case report presents the experience and treatment results of male external genitalia lymphedema from urological cancer. Method: This case was a 47-year-old man, who was treated with complex decongestive physical therapy consisting of manual lymph drainage, compression bandage (including the external genitalia), remedial exercise, skin care. Result: The results were relatively good. The clinical experience would suggest that early treatment and education can reduce the external genitalia lymphedema. However, the treatment efficacy remains limited. Therefore, early treatment is vital for more successful outcomes. Conclusion: The relief of symptoms and a decrease in male external genitalia lymphedema may be the best result from long-term conservative management.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.294-304
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was done to develop an evidence-based external ventricular drainage (EVD) nursing practice guideline in order to provide standardized nursing and prevent EVD related complications. Methods: We used the standardized methodology for nursing practice guideline adaptation developed by Korean Hospital Nurses Association for the guideline adaptation process in this study. Results: The newly developed EVD nursing practice guideline was adapted to the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses (AANN)'s clinical practice guideline which is 'Care of the patient undergoing intra-cranial pressure monitoring/external ventricular drainage of lumbar drainage.' There were 61 recommendations documented in the preliminary guideline all evaluated by 9 experts based on acceptability and applicability. The final practice guideline was composed of 3 domains with 57 recommendations. The three domains of nursing were the insertion, maintenance, and removal of the EVD. The number of recommendations in each domain was 8 in EVD insertions, 39 in EVD maintenance, and 10 in EVD removals. Of the 57 recommendations 3.5% were level 1, 31.5% were level 2, and 65% were level 3. Conclusion: The standardized practice guideline can improve nurses' performance and accuracy. It can also be used as the foundation for effective communication between all medical staff.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.30-34
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• 2022

In cases of hyponatremia induced by brain damage, it is important to distinguish between the syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) and cerebral salt wasting syndrome. A ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is the standard treatment for hydrocephalus, and external lumbar drainage (ELD) is an option to evaluate the effect of a VP shunt. However, ELD has potential complications, such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, meningitis, and rarely hyponatremia. Therefore, we report a case of a patient with cerebral salt-wasting syndrome resulting from ELD to treat normal-pressure hydrocephalus during the rehabilitation of acute ischemic stroke.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.14
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• pp.5617-5620
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• 2014

Objective: To evaluate the prognosis of different ways of drainage for patients with obstructive jaundice caused by hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Materials and Methods: During the period of January 2006- March 2012, percutaneous transhepatic catheter drainage (PTCD)/ percutaneous transhepatic biliary stenting (PTBS) were performed for 89 patients. According to percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), external drainage was selected if the region of obstruction could not be passed by guide wire or a metallic stent was inserted if it could. External drainage was the first choice if infection was diagnosed before the procedure, and a metallic stent was inserted in one week after the infection was under control. Selection by new infections, the degree of bilirubin decrease, the change of ALT, the time of recurrence of obstruction, and the survival time of patients as the parameters was conducted to evaluate the methods of different interventional treatments regarding prognosis of patients with hilar obstruction caused by hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Results: PTCD was conducted in 6 patients and PTBS in 7 (p<0.05). Reduction of bilirubin levels and ALT levels was obvious after the procedures (p<0.05). The average survival time with PTCD was 161 days and with PTBS was 243 days (p<0.05). Conclusions: With both drainage procedures for obstructive jaundice caused by hilar cholangiocarcinoma improvement in liver function was obvious. PTBS was found to be better than PTCD for prolonging the patient survival.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.52-56
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• 2003

A 10 year old boy was admitted with blunt abdominal trauma by bike handle injury. The patient was operated upon for a generalized peritonitis due to pancreaticoduodenal injury. On opening the peritoneal cavity. complete transection of distal end of common bile duct and. partial separation between pancreas head and second portion of duodenum were found. Ligation of the transected end of the common bile duct. T-tube choledochostomy, and external drainage were performed. A pseudocyst was found around the head portion of the pancreas on the 7th postoperative day with CT. An internal fistula had developed between the pseudocyst and ligated common bile duct. The pseudocyst was subsided after percutaneous drainage. In the case of the undetermined pancreatic injury, percutaneous external drainage can be effective in treating the traumatic pancreatic pseudocyst in a pediatric patient.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.277-280
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• 2006

Objective : The aim of this study is to determine which patients with progressively deteriorating acute cerebellar infarction would benefit from surgical treatment and which surgical procedure would best benefit them. Methods : Seventy six patients were treated at our hospital for cerebellar infarction over the past 3 years. Sixty nine patients received conservative management in the neurological department of our hospital. Among them, 7 patients [5 males and 2 females; average age, 49 yrs] were referred to neurosurgical department because of mental deterioration and underwent emergency surgery. Five patients underwent external ventricular drainage with suboccipital craniectomy and two patients underwent suboccipital craniectomy alone. Results : Of the 7 surgically treated patients, 4 patients experienced good recovery and 2 patients experienced moderate disability [disabled but independent] and 1 patient experienced severe disability [conscious but disabled]. There was no death. Conclusion : In patients conservatively treated for cerebellar infarction and showing mental deterioration and radiologically evident brainstem compression and ventricular enlargement, we strongly recommend suboccipital craniectomy [plus optional external ventricular drainage in case of showing hydrocephalus] as a first treatment option.