• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to compare measurements of abdominal muscle thickness using ultrasonography imaging (USI) to those using a special transducer head device, during five different trunk stabilization exercises, ultimately to determine which exercise led to the greatest muscle thickness. Thirty eight healthy subjects participated in this cross-sectional study. The five types of trunk stabilization - i.e., a sit-up on the supine, an upper and lower extremity raise with quadruped on the prone, a leg raise in sitting on the ball, trunk rolling on the ball, and balance using sling on the prone position - were each performed with an abdominal draw. The thickness of the abdominal muscle - including the transverse abdominal (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and external oblique (EO) - was measured by USI with a special transducer head device, at rest and then at contraction in each position. Data were analyzed using one-way repeated ANOVA with the level of significance set at ${\alpha}$=.05. The results were as follows: 1) the TrA thickness was statistically significant (p<.05), whereas the IO and EO thicknesses were not (p>.05); 2) among the five types of trunk stabilization, TrA thickness significantly increased with the balance using a sling in the prone position, (p<.05), whereas no significant difference was noted for the four types of trunk stabilization (p>.05); 3) reliability data showed that there was a high degree of consistency among the measurements taken using the special transducer head device (ICC=.92). In conclusion, the balance using a sling in the prone position was more effective than any of the four other types of trunk stabilization in increasing TrA thickness in healthy subjects.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to compare EMG activity for pectoralis major muscle during shoulder movement with various abduction angle and rotation position in supine position. Fifteen healthy subjects were recruited for this study. All subjects performed shoulder horizontal adduction holding a 2 kg dumbbell in shoulder abduction $40^{\circ}C$, $70^{\circ}C$, $90^{\circ}C$, $130^{\circ}C$, $160^{\circ}C$ with shoulder neutral, internal rotation (IR), and external rotation (ER). Surface EMG activity was recorded from pectoralis major clavicle part and pectoralis major sternum part for 5 seconds and EMG activity was normalized to the value of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC). Dependent variables were examined with 3 (Neutral, IR, ER) ${\times}$ 5 ($40^{\circ}C$, $70^{\circ}C$, $90^{\circ}C$, $130^{\circ}C$, $160^{\circ}C$) analysis of variance with repeated measures. The EMG activity of pectoralis major muscle was significantly different between shoulder abduction angles and between shoulder rotation positions (p<.05). The highest value of EMG activity of pectoralis major clavicle part among shoulder abduction angles was in $70^{\circ}C$ and, $90^{\circ}C$ in that order. The highest value of EMG activity of pectoralis major sternum part among shoulder abduction angles was in $130^{\circ}C$ and, $90^{\circ}C$ in that order. According to the rotation degree, shoulder ER showed the highest value and IR showed the lowest value in both muscle parts. These results suggest that shoulder abduction $70^{\circ}C$, $90^{\circ}C$, $130^{\circ}C$ will be effective during manual muscle testing (MMT) and strengthening exercise for pectoralis major muscle. It is also supposed that shoulder ER is the efficient posture for strengthening of pectoralis major muscle.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.78-82
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• 1998

The following will describe a method of evaluating the SLAP lesion in the recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder. We have named it the biceps load test. The biceps load test is performed with the patient in the supine position and the arm to be examined is abducted 90/sup°/, and the forearm is in the supinated position. First, the anterior apprehension test is performed. When the patient become apprehensive, the patient is allowed active flexion of the elbow, while the examiner resists elbow flexion. If the apprehension is relieved or diminished, the test is negative. If aggravated or unchanged, the test is positive. A prospective study was performed, in which 75 patients who were diagnosed as having recurrent unilateral anterior instability of the shoulder underwent the biceps load test and arthroscopic examination. The biceps load test showed negative results in 64 of these patients, of which the superior labral-biceps complex was intact'in 63 cases and only I shoulder revealed a type n SLAP lesion. E]even patients with a positive test were confirmed to have type n SLAP lesions. A positive biceps load test represents an unstable SLAP lesion in a patient with recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder. The biceps load test is a reliable test for evaluating the SLAP lesion in the recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder(sensitivity: ,9] .7%, specificity: 100%, positive predictive value: 1.00 and negative predictive value: 0.98). Biceps contraction increases the torsional rigidity ?of the glenohumeral joint and long head of biceps tendan act as internal rotator of the shoulder in the abducted and externally rotated position. These stabilize the shoulder in abduction and external rotation position in the biceps load test.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.34-42
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• 2013

Our study is to review Chinese traditional medicine's journals about the diagnosis and treatment of spasmodic torticollis such as category, syndrome differentiation, acupoints of treatment, and herbal medicine. The journal search was performed using the search engine of China Academic Journal (CAJ) and China Doctor/Master's Dissertation (CDMD) in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from January 1982 to October 2012. Searching key words were the diverse combination of "spasmodic torticollis", "cervical dystonia", "Chinese traditonal medicine", "herbal medicine", "acupuncture", and "syndrome differentiation". The inclusion criteria was all kinds of journals including Chinese traditional medicine approach except for experiment study. The category, syndrome differentiation, acupoints of treatment, and herbal medicine from finally selected journals were extracted and summarized. The fourty-seven Chinese journals were selected finally. The category was divided into wind syndrome, trembling syndrome, convulsive syndrome, and convulsions. The syndrome differentiation was classified as internal stirring of liver wind, yin-blood depletion, invasion of external contraction, uncontrol of governor vessel, internal obstruction of phlegm turbidity, dual deficiency of qi and blood, and blood stasis due to qi stagnation. The combination of acupoints to unblock the meridian and dissipate binds and to tonify governor vessel and repel tremor was mainly used in acupuncture treatment. Galgun-tang or galgun-tanggami was primarily used and the others were the prescriptions to tonify liver and kidney, to calm convulsion, and to dispeling wind-phlegm. We suggests that spasmodic torticollis could be treated using Korean medicine's approach in Korea.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.578-586
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the diagnosis and treatment of Sjogren's syndrome(SS) such as syndrome differentiation and herbal medicine by reviewing Chinese traditional medicine's journals. The journal search was carried out using China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) and PubMed from January 2007 to July 2012. Searching key words were the various combination of "Sjogren's syndrome", "Traditional Chinese Medicine", "herbal medicine", and "syndrome differentiation". The final selection of 57 studies were extracted and summarized by two researchers independently. The syndrome differentiation was classified as yin deficiency with fluid depletion, yin deficiency with dryness heat, dryness toxin with yin damage, internal obstruction of static blood, dual deficiency of qi and yang, dampness-heat obstructing, wind with external contraction, liver qi depression, blood deficiency and wind-dryness, dual deficiency of yin and yang, and internal obstruction of phlegm-blood stasis. Liriope platyphylla(麥門冬), Rehmania glutinosa(生地黃), and Scrophularia buergeriana(玄蔘) were primarily prescribed to tonify yin, engender fluid and moisten dryness.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2011년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.31.2-31.2
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• 2011

We studied a method of manufacturing an anode to restrict contraction in reducing NiO/YSZ by uniformly mixing. In order to mix Ni and YSZ, a sub-micron Ni core surface was coated at high-speed by a mixture of nano-sized YSZ and a spherical core-shell was subsequently formed. The micron-sized core-shell anode powder was then heat treated at $400{\sim}1,450^{\circ}C$ in an air atmosphere and Ni was extruded and synthesized in nano-size. Subsequently, when the nano-sized mixture of the anode was heat treated and maintained at a temperature of $1,450^{\circ}C$, the anode was manufactured, where Ni and YSZ were uniformly distributed with the nano-structure. According to the nano-sized anode powder synthesis process, Ni particles were oxidized at $400{\sim}500^{\circ}C$ and became spherical by surface tension. In the case of the spherical core Ni powder, the heat treatment temperature rose to $1,250^{\circ}C$ and then a gap between the internal and external pressures occurred due to thermal and tensile stresses. A crack subsequently appeared on the surface, and the heat treatment temperature was increased continuously to increase the pressure gap and then the core Ni extruded as a nano-sized powder, Ni and YSZ uniformly distributed. It was found that the anode of 50~200 nm with a consistent structure obtained in this study has electric conductivity that is approximately 3 times larger than that of a commercial anode.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회 제20권2호
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• pp.257-260
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• 2008

강재요소의 경우엔 고온에 노출될 경우 높은 열전도성으로 인해 화재 발생상황에서 단면의 급격한 온도 상승으로 인한 강도저하 현상이 유발된다. 특히 CFT기둥의 경우엔 구조체의 인장응력을 외부의 강재부분이 전담하기 때문에, 내화성능을 확보하기 위하여 이 부분에 대한 강도저하 및 응력변화에 대한 수치해석적 검토가 선행되어야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내에서 수행한 콘크리트 및 강재의 고온재료물성 실험값을 토대로 유한요소해석법(ABAQUS)을 적용하여 CFT기둥의 화재거동을 예측하였다. 해석적용 강재는 SS400을 대상으로 하였으며, 내부 충진된 콘크리트의 강도를 40MPA와 50MPA를 변화시켜 전열특성 및 거동현상을 예측하였다. 표준화재 180분 노출조건으로 CFT기둥 해석결과 40MPA모델의 경우123mm의 변위가 발생하였으며, 50MPa모델의 경우 91mm의 수축량이 발생하는 것으로 해석되었다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.92-105
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• 2018

Objectives: This aim of this study is to compare the reflux esophagitis improvement effects of Sepiae Os, Arcae Concha, Ostreae Concha, and Proton Pump Inhibitor(esomeprazole) through rat experiments. Methods: NO production inhibitory effect was measured by NO production amount and iNOS mRNA expression level in cell lines. iNOS, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $p-I{\kappa}B$, and serotonin were compared using immunohistochemistry at the rat reflux esophagitis. Reflux esophagitis connection external form, lower esophageal sphincter, and gap were observed and an esophageal inflammatory indicator, IL-6 activity was also evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results: NO production and iNOS mRNA expression was showed concentration dependent decrease in cell lines treated with Sepiae OS, Arcae Concha, and Ostreae Concha at the experiments of cell lines. In the suppression of iNOS and $p-I{\kappa}B$ at the rat reflux esophagitis, Sepiae Os treat group(SOT) and Ostreae Concha treat group(OCT) were more effective. In the increase of serotonin at the rat reflux esophagitis, ACT, MT and OCT were more effective. Damage of lower esophageal sphincter, and gap between esophageal keratin and mucosa were observed less at the SOT, ACT, OCT. In the suppression of IL-6 at the rat reflux esophagitis, SOT and OCT were more effective than GE and, SOT was more effective than MT significantly. Conclusions: The anti-inflammatory effect was the best in the SOT and lower esophageal sphincter muscle contraction was the best in the ACT at the rat reflux esophagitis. Sepiae OS was more effective than esomeprazole in the suppression of iNOS, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and IL-6.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.577-587
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• 2012

Warm disease: Any of various heat disease characterizer by rapid onset and shifts, pronounced heat signs, and a tendency to form dryness and damage yin. Exterior heat sign: exterior heat patterns are characterizer by pronounced heat signs, such as a red sore pharynx and a relatively red tongue with dry fur, the pulse is floating and rapid, cough and the production of thick white or yellow phlegm. If wind-heat evil exist in weifen, it becomes exterior syndrome, and a remedy about that is dispelling wind-heat but when wind-heat evil invades in nasal and throat part so the disease occurs, you need to add relieving sore throat worsens invades in lung it makes disharmony of diffuse in lungs. So a remedy about it is diffuse the lung. disharmony of diffuse in lungs makes metabolic disorder of qi and liquid and humor malfunction therefore it occurs cough and heat-phlegm syndrome. heat from weifen invades the whole of lungs and form lung heat. So a remedy about lung heat is clearing away lung heat, this lung heat makes inevitably bleed in lungs, therefore a remedy in this case is clearing the lung to stop bleeding, or moistening the lung. Exterior heat sign means that exterior syndrome coexists with heat syndrome and it means that a remedy of this syndrome need to mix prescriptions for relieving exterior syndrome and heat-clearing prescriptions to treat this syndrome.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of different chair type (with backrest chair and without backrest chair) and pelvic position (anterior pelvic tilting and posterior pelvic tilting) on three abdominal muscles (upper rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique) and back extensor activation during lower extremity exercise. The four different conditions during bilateral knee extension exercise were: (1) leaning on backrest chair with anterior pelvic tilting, (2) leaning on backrest chair with posterior pelvic tilting, (3) anterior pelvic tilting without backrest chair, and (4) posterior pelvic tilting without backrest chair. Fifteen healthy male subjects with no history of neuromusculoskeletal disease voluntarily participated in this study. Electromyography (EMG) was used to collect muscle activation data, and muscle activation data was expressed as a percentage of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC). One-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the statistical significance, and Bonferroni comparison was used as a post hoc test. The results of this study were the following: (1) Erector spinae activation was significantly lower in posterior pelvic tilting without backrest compared with that in leaning on backrest chair with anterior pelvic tilting. (2) Upper rectus abdominis activation was significantly lower than erector spinae in all four different chair type and pelvic tilting conditions.