• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.49-58
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• 1973

The distensibility of the major arteries has been investigated extensively, but the value expressed as Young Modulus varies widely by the different schools of the investigators, the major reason undoubtedly being the difficulties encountered in the measurement. In the present study, an attempt was made to elucidate the distensibility of the external carotid artery of the rabbit, which was placed in saline immediately after removing from the apparently healthy, normal rabbit without anesthesia. The circular section strip and longitudinal section strip were made from the whole artery, and Young Modulus of the whole artery, circular section and longitudinal section strips was calculated from the length-tension curve of each sample. Also, the similar samples of the artery seperately obtained were placed in ATP solution in the concentration of 0.15 mM and 0.30 mM, and Young Modulus was similary calculated. Experiments were performed at 15,45 and 75 min after the artery was removed from the rabbit, and the results thus obtained are summarized as follows. 1) Young Modulus of the whole external carotid artery of the rabbit in saline was $4.74{\times}10^7dyne/cm^2$ at 15 min, but lower values were obtained at 45 and 75 min, Young Modulus being $4.62{\times}10^7dyne/cm^2\;and\;4.13{\times}10^7dyne/cm^2$, respectively. When the arterial samples were placed in ATP solutions, Young Modulus did not change much throughout the experiment, and lower Young Moduli were obtained in 0.30 mM ATP solution than in 0. 15 mM ATP solution. 2) Young Modulus Of the Circular Section Strip in Saline was $4.11{\times}10^7dyne/Cm^2,\;3.75{\times}10^7dyne/cm^2\;and\;3.90{\times}10^7dyne/cm^2,$ respectively, at 15, 45 and 75 min, the value at 15 min being the highest. However, when the strip was placed in ATP solutions, no appreciable change was observed throughout the experiment, and Young Moduli were lower in 0.30 mM ATP solution than in 0.15 mM ATP solution. 3) Young Modulus of the longitudinal section strip in saline was $2.12{\times}10^7dyne/cm^2,\;2.48{\times}10^7dyne/cm^2\;and\;2.46{\times}10^7dyne/cm^2$, respectively, at 15, 45 and 75 min, Young Modulus being slightly elevated in the latter part of the experiment. A similar tendency was observed when the strip was placed in ATP solutions.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.140-147
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• 1994

Reconstruction of the pharynx and cervical esophagus presents a tremendous challenges to surgeons. Over the past 2 years[1990, Dec.-1993, Jun], the free jejunal graft has been performed in 17 cases in Korea Cancer Center Hospital.The indications of this procedures were almost malignant neoplasms involving neck and upper aero-digestive tract; Hypopharyngeal cancer[12 cases, including 2 recurrent cases], laryngeal cancer[2 cases], thyroid cancer[2 cases, including 1 recurrent case], cervical esophageal cancer[1 case]. There were fifteen men and two women, and the mean age was 59.6 years. The anastomosis site of jejunal artery were common carotid artery[16 cases] or external carotid artery[1 case] and that of jejunal vein were internal jegular [15 cases] or facial[1 case] and superior thyroid vein[1 case]. The length of jejunal graft was from 9 cm to 17 cm[mean 13 cm] and the mean ischemic time was 68 minutes. There was one hospital mortality which was irrelevant to procedures[variceal bleeding] and one graft failure[1/16]. Other postoperative complications were neck bleeding or hematoma[3 cases], abdominal wound infection or disruption[5 cases], anastomosis site leakage[1 case], pneumonia[2 cases], graft vein thrombosis[1 case], and food aspiration[1 case]. The function of conduit was excellent and ingestion of food was possible in nearly all cases. Postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy was also applicable without problem in 7 cases. During follow-up periods, the anastomosis site stenosis developed in four patients, and the tracheal stoma was narrowed in one case but easily overcome with dilation. In conclusion, we think that the free jejunal graft is one of the excellent reconstruction methods of upper digestive tract, especially after radical resection of malignant neoplasm in neck with a high success rate and low mortality and morbidity rate.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.314-319
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• 2008

Objective: For patients with giant or dissecting aneurysm, multimodal treatment consisting extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery plus clip or coil for parent artery occlusion may be necessary. In this study, the safety and efficacy of multimodal treatment in 15 patients with complex aneurysms were evaluated retrospectively. Methods: From January 1995 to June 2007, the authors treated 15 complex aneurysms that were unable to be clipped or coiled. Among them, nine patitents had unruptured aneurysms and 6 had ruptured aneurysms. Aneurysms were located in the internal cerebral artery (ICA) in 11 patients (4 in the dorsal wall. 4 in the terminal ICA, 1 in the paraclinoid, and 2 in the cavernous ICA), in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in 2, and in the posterior circulation in two patients Results: Fifteen patients with complex aneurysms were treated with bypass surgery previously. Thirteen patients were treated with external carotid middle cerebral artery (ECA-MCA) anastomosis, and one patient with superficial temporal to posterior cerebral artery (STA-PCA) and another patient with occipital artery to posterior inferior cerebellar artery (OA-PICA) anastomosis. Parent artery occlusion was then performed with a clip in 9 patients, with a coil in 4, with balloon plus coil in one patient. All 15 aneurysms were successfully treated with clip or coil combined with bypass surgery. Follow-up angiograms showed good patency of anastomotic site in 10 out of 11 patients, and perfusion study showed sufficient perfusion in 6 out of 9 patients. Conclusion: These findings indicate that for patients with complex aneurysms, clip or coil for parent vessel occlusion with additive bypass surgery can successfully exclude the aneurysm from the neurovascular circulatory system.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.532-538
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• 2020

Traumatic arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) involving the external carotid artery are exceedingly rare in young adults. Since an AVF is the most common life-threatening cause for pulsatile tinnitus (PT), meticulous evaluation and treatment of patients with PT is crucial. Here, we present two traumatic AVF cases treated with coil embolization leading to no residual fistulous connections followed by an immediate and complete resolution of PT. A 20-year-old man developed left ear tinnitus three months after a traumatic brain injury involving the right temporal bone fracture. Cerebral angiography demonstrated an enlarged left middle meningeal artery (MMA) and a fistular point at the posterior branch of the MMA draining to the middle meningeal vein (MMV) and the left pterygoid plexus, suggesting an AVF. Another 18-year-old girl developed left tinnitus, left exophthalmos, and conjunctival injection 6 months after a traffic accident involving no demonstrable abnormal findings in the radiologic exam. Magnetic resonance angiography demonstrated a markedly dilated left MMA draining to the MMV, left cavernous sinus, and left superior ophthalmic vein. In both cases, coil embolization was performed with total obliteration of the fistular point.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.49 no.9
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• pp.527-534
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• 2011

Microvascular reconstruction of maxillary composite defect after oncologic resection has improved both esthetic and functional aspect of quality of life of the cancer patients. However, a lot of patients had prior surgery with radiation and/or chemotherapy as a part of comprehensive cancer treatment. Sometimes it is nearly impossible to find out adequate recipient vessel for maxillary reconstruction with microvascular anastomosis. Therefore long pedicle of the flap is needed to use distant neck vessels located far from the reconstruction site such as ipsilateral transverse cervical artery or a branch of contralateral external carotid artery. For this reason, although we know the treatment of the choice is osteocutaneous flap, it is difficult to use this flap when we need long pedicle with complex three dimensional osseous defect. Vascular option for these vessel-depleted neck patients can be managed by a soft tissue reconstruction with long vascular pedicle and additional free non-vascularized flap that is rigidly fixed to remaining skeletal structures. For this reason, maxillofacial reconstruction by vascularized soft tissue flap with or without the secondary restoration of maxillary bone with non-vascularized iliac bone can be regarded as one of options for reconstruction of profound maxillofacial composite defect resulted from previous oncological resection with chemo-radiotherapy.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.316-321
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• 2017

The occurrence of subclavian steal syndrome is possible in patients with either severe stenosis or occlusion in the left proximal subclavian or brachiocephalic arteries. Limited and insufficient blood flow in the vessel with a lesion induces blood supply from the opposite side via any of the connected vessels, which is called a subclavian steal phenomenon. The duplex sonography is useful for detecting this phenomenon. Some patients who experience this phenomenon complain of vertebrobasilar insufficiency, such as headache or numbness and weakness in the arm, and so on. Subclavian steal syndrome means subclavian steal phenomenon accompanied by these symptoms. We present a patient with focal severe stenosis of the brachiocephalic artery, manifested as blood flow reversal in the vertebral, and a "to-and-fro" waveform pattern in the external carotid, internal carotid, and common carotid arteries.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.64-67
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• 1996

Aberrant migration of thymic tissue occurs as an ectopic thymus in the mediastinum, base of skull, tracheal bifurcation, and cervical region. A recent review of the literature by Nowak et al. showed over 70 reported cases of aberrant thymus or thymic cyst in patients who presented with primary neck masses. Authors experienced a case of ectopic cervical thymus and reviewed the literature. A one-year-old boy with left neck swelling which had been noticed since one month of age visited out patient clinic. Ultrasonography showed a well-defined cystic mass containing homogeneous, low-echogenic content locating in the lateral aspect of the left carotid sheath. Operation was performed under the impression of branchial cleft cyst. At surgery, a multiseptated, well-encapsulated, brownish and doughy mass which was extending into the vicinity of the carotid bifurcation with sland stalk-like portion ending between the hypoglossal nerve and external carotid artery was excised completely. The cut-surface showed homogenous solid mass, and on frozen section the tissue revealed a normal thymic histology. Postoperative ultrasonography showed bilateral thymus in the superior mediastinum. The patient has no immunologic problem and is doing well now.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.345-345
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• 1994

BBB opening 에 의란 수용성 약물 및 지용성 약물의 뇌혈관 투과 패턴을 알아보기 위해 모델약물로서 수용성 약물인 $^{99}$Tc-DTPA, 지용성 약물인 Pherlytoin을 선택하여 뇌혈관 투과성(PA)의 증가율을 검토하고자 하였다. 랫트의 좌측 외경동맥(left external carotid artery)에 혈류의 역방향으로 PE-50 catheter를 분지점에서 1-2mm 전까지 삽입하고, 1.6 molal L-(+)-arabinosg 고장액 (1580 mOsm)을 0. 12ml/sec의 일정한 속도로 30초간 infusion 한 후. $^{99}$Tc-DTPA 혹은 phenytoin 약물 용액을 대뢰정맥으로 주사하고, 대뢰동맥으로부터 약물 투여전 및 투여후 10, 30초, 1, 1.5, 2, 3. 4, 5. 7, 10분 간격으르 혈액을 채취하였으며. 마지막 채혈후 즉시 단두하여 뇌조직을 취하였다. 채취한 뇌를 좌, 우반구 및 각 부위별로 분리하고 감마 카운터와 HPLC를 이용하여 뇌증농도를 정량하였다. 또한 뇌 실질 조직내 약물량을 구하기 위해 뇌 혈관내에 존재하는 약물양을 보정하였는데, 이때 계산에 필요한 뇌증 혈액부피의 측정은 $^{99}$Tc-albumin을 이용하여 구하였다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.296-301
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• 2016

Dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) of the transverse sinus with ophthalmic manifestations in young children are rare. We reviewed two cases of direct AVF of the transverse sinus with ocular manifestations managed at our institution. The first, a 2.5 years old male child presented with left exophthalmos. Angiography revealed AVF between the occipital artery and the transverse sinus. The second, a 2 years old female child, complained of left exophthalmos. Imaging studies showed bilateral direct AVFs of the transverse sinus with bilateral dysmaturation of the sigmoid sinus. Transarterial embolization was done in both cases. Clinical and radiological follow up revealed complete cure. This report suggests that DAVF of the transverse sinus supplied by the external carotid branches can present with ophthalmic manifestations especially if there is distal venous stenosis or obliteration involving sigmoid sinus. Transarterial embolization using coils and liquid embolic agents could be safe and feasible to obliterate the fistula.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2018

Oronasal bleeding that continues despite oronasal packs or recurs after removal of the oronasal packs is referred to as intractable oronasal bleeding, which is refractory to conventional treatments. Severe craniofacial injury or tumor in the nasal or paranasal cavity may cause intractable oronasal bleeding. These intractable cases are subsequently treated with surgical ligation or endovascular embolization of the bleeding arteries. While endovascular embolization has several merits compared to surgical ligation, the procedure needs attention because severe complications such as visual disturbance or cerebral infarction can occur. Therefore, comprehensive understanding of the head and neck vascular anatomy is essential for a more effective and safer endovascular treatment of intractable oronasal bleeding.