• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to compare measurements of abdominal muscle thickness using ultrasonography imaging (USI) to those using a special transducer head device, during five different trunk stabilization exercises, ultimately to determine which exercise led to the greatest muscle thickness. Thirty eight healthy subjects participated in this cross-sectional study. The five types of trunk stabilization - i.e., a sit-up on the supine, an upper and lower extremity raise with quadruped on the prone, a leg raise in sitting on the ball, trunk rolling on the ball, and balance using sling on the prone position - were each performed with an abdominal draw. The thickness of the abdominal muscle - including the transverse abdominal (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and external oblique (EO) - was measured by USI with a special transducer head device, at rest and then at contraction in each position. Data were analyzed using one-way repeated ANOVA with the level of significance set at ${\alpha}$=.05. The results were as follows: 1) the TrA thickness was statistically significant (p<.05), whereas the IO and EO thicknesses were not (p>.05); 2) among the five types of trunk stabilization, TrA thickness significantly increased with the balance using a sling in the prone position, (p<.05), whereas no significant difference was noted for the four types of trunk stabilization (p>.05); 3) reliability data showed that there was a high degree of consistency among the measurements taken using the special transducer head device (ICC=.92). In conclusion, the balance using a sling in the prone position was more effective than any of the four other types of trunk stabilization in increasing TrA thickness in healthy subjects.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

Lumbopelvic stabilization exercise has become the most popular treatment method in lumbar rehabilitation since its effectiveness was shown in some aspects of pain and disability. The abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) has been extensively implemented to promote lumbopelvic stability. However, performing ADIM correctly is difficult even for healthy subjects, and it is time consuming to train people in ADIM. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare abdominal muscle [rectus abdominalis (RA), external oblique (EO), and transverse abdominis/internal oblique (TrA/IO)] activity during lumbopelvic stabilization exercises (ADIM only, ADIM with a ball, maximum exhalation only, and maximum exhalation with a ball) performed in a supine position with feet against a wall. Fifteen healthy subjects were recruited for this study. Surface electromyography was used to measure abdominal muscle activity during lumbopelvic stabilization exercises. A one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to determine the statistical significance of RA, EO, and TrA/IO muscle activity during four lumbopelvic stabilization exercises. Both-side TrA/IO muscle activity was significantly greater with maximum exhalation with a ball than with ADIM only or ADIM with a ball (p<.008). The results of this study suggest that maximum exhalation with a ball can be used as an effective lumbopelvic stabilization exercise to increase TrA/IO muscle activity in healthy subjects.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to provide more effective interventions for elderly men with weak core muscles by measuring the thickness of the muscles according to the five core stabilization exercise and comparing the thickness differences in muscles in each posture. Methods : The study selected 29 elderly men aged 65 to 80 years old among outpatient patients at S Medical Center in B city, and measured the muscle thickness by exercise posture once. In order to find out the thickness of the external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and transverse abdominis (TrA) muscles were measured by using rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI) in five exercise conditions. Results : A significant change in the thickness of the EO muscles in each group was measured by the method of motion, followed by the abdominal crunches (1.67±0.15), the lower body rotations (1.54±0.07). As a result of measuring the thickness of the IO muscles of each group according to the exercise method, the bridge group (1.14±0.22) was the highest, followed by the abdominal drawing group (1.05±0.03). As a result of measuring the thickness of the TrA muscles of each group according to the exercise method, the abdominal crunches (0.98±1.00) were the highest, and the bridge group (0.57±0.05) were higher in order of magnitude. Conclusion : Consequently, the five core stabilization exercises all affect changes in abdominal thickness and are expected to continue to require training studies on muscle posture.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to identify the effects of performing shoulder and hip abduction during the V-sit exercise on abdominal muscle activity. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Thirty healthy adults volunteered for this experiment. The participants randomly performed 6 types of V-sit exercises, including V-sit alone (hip 0°, shoulder 0°), V-sit with hip abduction 0° and shoulder abduction 15°, V-sit with hip abduction 0° and shoulder abduction 30°, V-sit with hip abduction 15° and shoulder abduction 0°, V-sit with shoulder and hip abduction 15°, and V-sit with shoulder abduction 30° and hip abduction 15°. EMG data were recorded from the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), and internal oblique (IO) muscles of both sides. All abdominal EMG data during the six types of V-sit exercises were measured for 5 seconds, three times, and recorded for the middle 3 seconds excluding the 1 second at the start and end. Results: V-sit with shoulder abduction 30° resulted in significantly greater muscle activity of both RA, EO compared to shoulder abduction 0°, shoulder abduction 15° (p<0.05) and V-sit with shoulder abduction 15° showed significantly greater muscle activation of the RA compared with shoulder abduction 0° (p<0.05). The muscle activity of both EO and IO in the V-sit with hip abduction 15° was significantly greater than hip abduction 0° in all shoulder conditions (p<0.05). Conclusions: Greater angles of shoulder and hip abduction produced more abdominal muscle activity increases during the V-sit exercises. Shoulder abduction affected the RA, EO muscle activation and hip abduction affected the EO, IO muscle activation. This study showed that shoulder and hip abduction during V-sit exercises enabled effective activation of the trunk muscles.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2014

Objective: To investigate the appropriate position for abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) exercise by rehabilitative ultrasound image. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twenty-eight young adults with no history of low back pain participated in the study. Three positions compared were crook lying position with hip $60^{\circ}$ flexion, standing position with the feet hip width apart and knees straight, and saddle standing positionunsupported with the knees $20^{\circ}$ flexed. Once in the appropriate position, the subjects were verbally cued to draw in their abdominal wall, with the intention of pulling their navel inward toward their lower back. The thickness of each transversus abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and external oblique (EO) muscles were measured via ultrasound and recorded at the end of inspiration. Results: When compared to the TrA thickness of rest, the TrA thickness was significantly increased in all three positions (crook lying, standing, and saddle standing) during the ADIM (p<0.05). IO thickness was significantly greater in standing and saddle standing than in crook lying (p<0.05). EO thickness was constant in all the three positions. Conclusions: The present study suggests that standing and saddle standing positions could be recommended for the ADIM to maximize recruitment of the TrA and IO activation. Specifically, the saddle standing position with knees flexed to $20^{\circ}$ was observed to increase the TrA activation more than the standing position. These findings should be considered when core stability exercises such as the ADIM are conducted.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2019

Background: Uncontrolled lumbopelvic movement leads to asymmetric symptoms and causes pain in the lumbar and pelvic regions. So many patients have uncontrolled lumbopelvic movement. Passive support devices are used for unstable lumbopelvic patient. So, we need to understand that influence of passive support on lumbopelvic stability. It is important to examine that using the pelvic belt on abdominal muscle activity, pelvic rotation and pelvic tilt. Objects: This study observed abdominal muscle activity, pelvic rotation and tilt angles were compared during active straight leg raise (ASLR) with and without pelvic compression belt. Methods: Sixteen healthy women were participated in this study. ASRL with and without pelvic compression belt was performed for 5 sec, until their leg touched the target bar that was set 20 cm above the base. Surface electromyography was recorded from rectus abdominis (RA), internal oblique abdominis (IO), and external oblique abdominis (EO) bilaterally. And pelvic rotation and tilt angles were measured by motion capture system. Results: There were significantly less activities of left EO (p=.042), right EO (p=.031), left IO (p=.039), right IO (p=.019), left RA (p=.044), and right RA (p=.042) and a greater right pelvic rotation angle (p=.008) and anterior pelvic tilt angle (p<.001) during ASLR with pelvic compression belt. Conclusion: These results showed that abdominal activity was reduced while the right pelvic rotation angle and anterior pelvic tilt angle were increased during ASLR with a pelvic compression belt. In other words, although pelvic compression belt could support abdominal muscle activity, it would be difficult to control pelvic movement. So pelvic belt would not be useful for controlled ASLR.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2022

Purpose : Kegel exercises reported that it is effective in managing stress-related or complex urinary incontinence through contraction and relaxation of the pelvic floor muscles. In many previous studies, it was confirmed that Kegel exercise is involved in respiration as well as urinary system diseases. However, there is a lack of research on the effect of pelvic setting when performing Kegel exercises. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect on maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) and abdominal muscle thickness through Kegel exercise after lumbar-pelvic motor control using pressure biofeedback unit (PBU). Methods : The subjects of this study were 10 healthy female students in their 20s. Subjects measured MVV with a spirometer. In hooklying, external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominis of the dominant hand were measured using ultrasound. The measured value was an average of three times. After one week of intervention, measurements were made in the same manner. Before Kegel exercise, pelvic setting training was performed using PBU. In hooklying, PBU was placed in the waist and set to 40 mmHg, and it was adjusted to 60 mmHg through pelvic muscle contraction. For Kegel exercise, the pelvis was first set using PBU, and then the pelvic floor muscles were contracted for 8 seconds and relaxed for 8 seconds, 10 times, 1 set, and 3 sets. Results : In MVV, a significant difference was confirmed after exercise than before exercise (p<.05). There was also a significant difference in abdominal muscle thickness before and after exercise (p<.05). Conclusion : Based on the results of this study, Kegel exercise using PBU had an effect on MVV and abdominal muscle thickness. However, since this study was conducted without a control group as a preliminary study, additional research should be conducted to supplement this.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.53-67
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• 2023

Background: This study comparatively evaluated the effects of equipment-based pilates exercises (EPE) and lumbar stability exercises (LSE) in patients with chronic low back pain in terms of their Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), Oswestry Disability Index(ODI), and abdominal muscle thickness. Methods: A total of 30 participants were recruited and randomly assigned to either the EPE or the LSE. The VAS, ODI, and abdominal muscle thicknesses of the participants were measured before and after the intervention. Results: The EPE were more effective in terms of the duration of a sustained reduction in VAS scores. post hoc test revealed that EPE were more efficacious in terms of a sustained improvement in ODI scores. With respect to changes in abdominal muscle thickness, there was a significant difference in the thickness of internal oblique muscles(IO) and the external oblique muscles(EO) between the two groups. Conclusion: In this study, both types of exercise interventions resulted in improvements in the VAS, ODI scores, and abdominal muscle thickness in patients with chronic low back pain. However, EPE were found to be more effective than LPE in terms of longer sustained improvements in VAS and ODI scores. Also, with respect to abdominal muscle thickness, the thickness of EO and IO improved only in the EPE group.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different supporting surfaces on trunk muscle activities during core stabilization exercises. Methods : A total of 20 healthy college students participated in this study for 6 weeks. In this study, we divided participants into a stable surface exercise group and an unstable surface exercise group. Each group performed core stabilization exercises of Curl-ups, Bridges, and Quadrupedal position. Core stabilization exercises were performed 3 times a week for 30 minutes during 6 weeks. The stable surface exercise group used a yoga mat while the unstable surface exercise group used AERO step. This study was designed using pre-test and post-test measurements. We used Surface Electromyograpy (sEMG) to measure for the rectus abdominis, external abdominal oblique, and multifidus muscle of trunk muscle activities. Data was processed using a paired sample t-test on SPSS 18.0. Results : For the stable surface exercise group there was a meaningful improvement in left rectus abdominis, left external abdominal oblique, and right multifidus (p<0.05). For the unstable surface exercise group, a meaningful improvement was seen in the left external abdominal oblique and right multifidus. Conclusion : From the experiment, we concluded that differences in surface can make various degrees of improvement in muscles activities, which suggests patients can choose a better option under their own conditions when planning to have a core stability exercise.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.68-72
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• 2022

Purpose: This study examined the effect of vibration exercise on the thickness of the oblique extrinsic, oblique abdominal, and biceps muscles, which are trunk muscles, targeting children with spastic cerebral palsy. Methods: The participants in this study were 20 children (8 male and 12 female) with cerebral palsy aged 5-10 years. They were classified into two groups using a randomized allocation method, and the trunk muscle thickness was measured using an ultrasound-imaging device before and six weeks after the experiment. A paired t-test was used for the within-group changes, and an independent t-test was used for the inter-group changes. The significance level was set to α=0.05. Results: There was a significant increase in the inter-group change in the experimental group and control group in the intra-group change in the external oblique muscle and internal oblique muscle. After six weeks, there was a significant increase in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Vibration exercise had a positive effect on the trunk muscle thickness of children with cerebral palsy. Vibration exercise produced a significant difference in the changes in the trunk muscle thickness in children with cerebral palsy compared to no vibration exercise. These results may provide basic data for future research and as a training method for strengthening the trunk muscles in clinical trials.