• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.153-163
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to measure IPA(Importance Performance Analysis) of the hospital choice factors between internal and external customers at rural general hospital. This study was used 5 types of choice factor such as physical, human, accessibility, connection, and external image. Also, this study was used IPA which can be applied to identify the strengths and weaknesses quality attributes from customers' viewpoint by simultaneously evaluating importance and performance. IPA was assessed using a sample of 98 patients and 96 internal employees who work at C general hospital in Chunkcheongbuk-do. Data were collected with self-administered questionnaires from February 13 to March 30 in 2012 and analyzed SPSS 18 by using frequency, paired t-test and scatter plot graph. The results of IPA show that "Keep up the good work" quadrant was human factor and "Low Priority" quadrant was physical and connection factors between internal and external customers. The finding of this study will be applied to improve human service quality in administrative department of hospital. Also, this study presents primary data for correct decision making to authorities of local hospitals that have concern about hospital strategy. The implications of this study are discussed and areas for future research are presented.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.659-667
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• 2001

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore some new therapies to control clinical symptoms of patients with terminal cancer by using external applications. Methods: We investigated some literatures on the external applications for cancer patients and made diagrams. Results: The results are summarized as follows. External applications are one of the traditional oriental medical methods and these are effective for pain control, ascites & pleural effusion and palpitable mass. It has some characteristics which are simple, safe and popular, but we must pay attention carefully to allergic reaction and toxicity in using external applications. The therapeutic portion of external applications are decided by discipline of syndrome and disease differentiation, and the prescriptions are composed of antitumor herb medicines. Conclusions: From the above results, it is expected that external applications are useful to improve clinical symptoms and quality of life(QOL) for patients with terminal cancer who cannot intake foods or medicines.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.330-343
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• 2017

Climate change is an important issue, with many researches examining not only future climatic conditions, but also the interaction of climate and air quality. In this study, a new version of the emissions processing software tool - Python-based PRocessing Operator for Climate and Emission Scenarios (PROCES) - was developed to support climate and atmospheric chemistry modeling studies. PROCES was designed to cover global and regional scale modeling domains, which correspond to GEOS-Chem and CMAQ/CAMx models, respectively. This tool comprises of one main system and two units of external software. One of the external software units for this processing system was developed using the GIS commercial program, which was used to create spatial allocation profiles as an auxiliary database. The SMOKE-Asia emissions modeling system was linked to the main system as an external software, to create model-ready emissions for regional scale air quality modeling. The main system was coded in Python version 2.7, which includes several functions allowing general emissions processing steps, such as emissions interpolation, spatial allocation and chemical speciation, to create model-ready emissions and auxiliary inputs of SMOKE-Asia, as well as user-friendly functions related to emissions analysis, such as verification and visualization. Due to its flexible software architecture, PROCES can be applied to any pregridded emission data, as well as regional inventories. The application results of our new tool for global and regional (East Asia) scale modeling domain under RCP scenario for the years 1995-2006, 2015-2025, and 2040-2055 was quantitatively in good agreement with the reference data of RCPs.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.315-322
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• 2013

전문가 그룹의 외부검사를 통하여 의료기관 자체적으로 시행되고 있는 품질관리를 평가하고 구조적 문제점에 대한 상호보완을 하고자 하였다. 외부 검사의 정당성 확보를 위해 전국 80여 개의 의료기관 중 지역 분포를 고려하여 30여 개를 선정하였고, 최종 25개의 의료기관이 자발적 참여의사를 신청하였다. 참여의료기관은 비공개를 원칙으로 하였고, 사전에 상호 비교하여 검증된 측정 장비를 가지고 직접 방문하여 측정하는 것을 원칙으로 하였다. 두 개 이상의 광자선을 대상으로 출력선량을 측정하였고, 갠트리회전 정확도, 콜리메이터 회전 정확도, 다엽콜리메이터 이동 위치 정확도 등을 측정하였다. 출력선량 측정에서 6 MV의 경우 -0.8%~4.5%까지 절대오차를 보였고, 10 MV의 경우 -0.79%~3.01%이었고, 15 MV에서 -0.7%~0.07% 절대오차를 나타내었다. 25개 의료 기관을 대상으로 한 50개의 광자선 중에서 절대 흡수선량이 2% 이상 되는 에너지가 8개(16%)로 나타났다. 조사면과 갠트리, 콜리메이터 회전축 일치도는 2개 의료기관을 제외하고 모두 ${\pm}2$ mm 이내의 결과를 보였다. 다엽콜리메이터 이동 위치 정확도는 모두 ${\pm}1$ mm 이내의 정확도를 보였다. 에너지 선질 조사에서 광자선 6 MV의 경우 KQ 값의 최고값과 최저값의 차이는 0.4%로 나타났다. 물 흡수선량 기반 측정 기준서 사용기관은 21개(84%), 공기 흡수선량 기반 측정 기준서 사용기관은 4개(16%)로 조사되었고, SSD 측정법을 사용하는 기관은 22개, SAD 측정법을 사용하는 기관은 3개 기관으로 조사되었다. 외부검사는 자체적으로 시행되고 있는 품질관리의 구조적인 문제점을 찾아 상호 보완하는 것임으로 매우 중요하다. 따라서 전문가 그룹 및 국가가 함께 주기적이고, 지속적인 외부검사가 시행 될 수 있도록 국제 수준의 전문가의 양성 및 국가지원 제도가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제83권1호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2020

Background: Same-day sputum microcopy is recommended in areas where sputum smear microscopy external quality assessment (EQA) is effectively implemented and sturdy. In Addis Ababa, the status of EQA and drop-out of same-day sputum smear microcopy has not yet been assessed. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of same-day sputum smear microscopy and diagnostic drop-out of presumptive tuberculosis (TB) patients in health facilities (HFs) across Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Amulti-analysis was conducted from September 2016 to July 2017 to determine the status of external quality assessment and diagnostic drop-out of presumptive TB patients registered for same-day sputum smear microscopy. Data was coded and entered in Microsoft Excel, and subsequently transferred and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: The drop-out of same-day sputum smear microscopy was 209 (6.2%). More than 33% of the specimens collected for purposes of same-day sputum smears were of poor quality. Among the selected HFs for the study: 13 (46.4%) used filter reagents prior to sputum smear staining while 75% of the selected HFs for the study used smear microscopy services interruption in a year. The sensitivity and specificity of the HFs participating in regional quality assessment scheme for the diagnosis of TB was 97.4% and 99.6%, respectively. Conclusion: The diagnostic drop-out of same-day sputum smear microscopy was high in Addis Ababa. Strengthening EQA, competency-based laboratory professionals training on sputum smear microscopy might reduce the reading errors in sputum smear. Awareness creation of the community on the benefits gained from completion of specimen provision for the same-day approach decreases diagnostic drop-out and enhances TB control program.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2021

Objectives: We aimed to compare the external herbal dispensary (EHD) evaluation criteria for pharmacopuncture and the Korea Good Manufacturing Practice (KGMP) sterile medicine standards to contribute to the establishment of quality control criteria for pharmacopuncture. Methods: We obtained the KGMP standards from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and the pharmacopuncture certification criteria from the Ministry of Health and Welfare of South Korea. The EHD evaluation items were classified into three categories: facilities, quality control, and validation. The evaluation items were compared with the KGMP sterile medicine criteria to determine their conformance with each other, followed by a discussion among the committee of six experts and their consensus to suggest the items to complement the EHD evaluation criteria. Results: Among the KGMP sterile medicine criteria, 44 were related to the management of the facilities, and 32 pharmacopuncture evaluation items corresponded to these KGMP items (66.7%). Fifty-eight KGMP criteria were related to quality management, and 42 pharmacopuncture evaluation items corresponded to these KGMP items (72.4%). Twentyfive KGMP sterile medicine criteria were related to validation, and 11 pharmacopuncture evaluation items corresponded to these KGMP items (44.0%). Sixteen items under the pharmacopuncture EHD criteria corresponded to the KGMP sterile medicine criteria based on the consent of the experts. Among these, 4 were related to facility management, 6 were related to quality control, and 6 were related to validation. Conclusion: For the safety and quality control of pharmacopuncture, there is a need to select the criteria for the mandatory items among the proposed pharmacopuncture-EHD criteria laws and systems to ensure that the pharmacopuncture materials are produced under the pharmacopuncture-EHD in compliance with the relevant requirements. More studies are needed to secure the safety level of pharmacopuncture materials corresponding to that of conventional medicine.

• 한국품질경영학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국품질경영학회 1998년도 The 12th Asia Quality Management Symposium* Total Quality Management for Restoring Competitiveness
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• pp.625-630
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• 1998

The conventional management which had economic requirement such as productivity, competition, customer satisfaction, and return needs the environmental management in order to meet a change of the external situation such as the environmental requirement (such as resources reduction, pollution prevention, and waste reduction). However, there have been a few studies which try to investigate internal factor and to regard external factors as negative ones. This paper proposes the external factors are significant to the performance. Several hypotheses were developed regarding the relationships. Based on the collected data from 126 firms, the hypotheses were analyed with SPSS.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.142-147
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• 2012

Machining tool conditions directly affect to quality of product and productivity of manufacturing. Many researches performed for tool condition monitoring in machining process to improve quality and productivity. Conventional methods use characteristics of signal for cutting force, motor current consumption, vibration of machine tools and machining sound. Recently, diameter of machining tool is become smaller for minimizing of mechanical parts. Tool condition monitoring using conventional methods are relatively difficult because micro machining using small diameter tool has low machining load and high cutting speed. These days, the direct monitoring for tool conditions using vision system is performed actively. But, vision system is affected by external conditions such as back ground of image and illumination. In this study, minimizing technology of external conditions using distribution analysis of image data are developed in micro machining using small diameter drill and tap. The image data is gathered from vision system. Several sets of experiment results are performed to verify the characteristics of the proposed machining technology.

• 경영과학
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2009

This study gives the quality factor evaluation of rubber gloves manufacturing, including a systematic classification of poor durability(internal quality factors) and look bad(external quality factors) as well as the types of defective items, along with the relationship between quality factors and the defective types. The relationship analysis between quality factors and the defective types are performed with AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) technique. The results of our study will be useful for quality management activities and manufacturing process in rubber gloves manufacturing companies.

• 경영과학
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.27-46
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• 2005

As the electronic commerce has grown dramatically, visiting the Internet shopping malls is accepted as one of our daily life. Despite many studies about user acceptance of the Internet shopping malls, it still remains unanswered how the Internet shopping mall's three quality factors such as system qualify, Information qualify, and service quality affect user trust, and eventually user acceptance of the mall. To investigate this issue, we propose a research model in which six external factors such as three qualify factors as well as self-efficacy, subjective norm, and trust have a significant impact on user's attitude and intention to use the mall. After garnering 244 valid questionnaires from users, we analyze them with structural equation modeling. Experiment results show that the Internet shopping mall's three quality factors such as system quality, information qualify, and service quality significantly Influence user trust for the mall, which in turn impacts user's perceived usefulness, attitude toward using the mall. Another external factors such as self-efficacy and subjective norm also influence user's perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness respectively, affecting user's attitude altogether. Implications and further research directions are presented.