• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.207-231
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• 1986

To clarify the species of genus Deutzia (Saxifragaceae, s. l.) in Korea, the taxonomic description was undertaken and interspecific relationships was discussed based on the external morphology with the light and scanning electron microscopes and the distributional pattern with specimens deposited in the herbaria. The presence or absence, number of rays, position and frequency of the stellate trichome, inflorescence and the morphology and venation pattern of petal were approved as the good characters to classify the Korean Deutzias. Although 17 kinds of Deutzia were reported in Korea hitherto, 9 kinds were excluded owing to the taxonomic treatment based on the comparative external morphology and the distributional uncertainty. Thus genus Deutzia in Korea could be rearranged as 2 sections, 3 subsection, 7 species and 1 variety. Among them, 4 species were considered as the endemic species in Korea.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.261-266
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• 2015

We have analyzed the external morphology and the environment of the foraging site of Vespertilio sinensis. The external morphology was analyzed by twelve parameters and the environment characteristics of the foraging site was analyzed using GIS 10.1 program. The wing membrane was inserted into the ankle of the hind foot and the wing ratio was 1.42, the middle type between broad-short wing type and long-narrow wing type. The fur color was blackish brown but the guard hair color was whitish. The shape of the ear was a rounded triangle and tragus was a fan shape. This study showed that V. sinensis preferred the deciduous forest of the upper forest zone, where human interference was less. We believed that abundance of insects, depending on water system, was closely related to the use of the foraging site. This result showed that the environment characteristics was very similar to the nature preservation zone including Baekyang valley and Keumsun valley in Naejangsan National Park.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2020

Objectives : We tried to establish standards for genuine by discriminating 3 kinds of pollen and spore herbs that are highly to be mixed with each other. Using an scanning electron microscope, we prepare a standard for discriminating external morphological characters of minute herbs, thereby contributing to the stable supply of genuine herbal medicines. Methods : Standard samples were confirmed by literature review on external morphological characteristics of original plants and herbal medicines, and collection and identification of original plants. The herbal medicines on the market were purchased and classified with using naked eye observation and magnifier. Finally, micromorphological identifications were conducted using an scanning electron microscope. Results : 1. Pini Pollen was clearly distinguished by its relatively medium size and a pollen grain with two swollen reticulate sacci at both ends. The verrucate ornamentation on the exine surface of the corpus and a sunken leptoma germ pore may be used as a discrimination criteria. 2. Typhae Pollen was distinguished by its relatively small size and a saccus on the end of a pollen grain. Reticulate ornamentation of exine surface of the corpus, and a slightly clear ulcerate germ pore can be used as a discrimination criteria. 3. Lygodii Spora was distinguished by its relatively large triangular-ovate shape and trichotomous fissure. Verrucate-tuberculate ornamentation of exine surface and trilete aperture could be used as a discrimination criteria. Conclusion : These results indicate that the use of electron microscopy is very effective for discriminating the external morphology of minute herbal medicines.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

Objectives : The consumption of licorice is large in Korea, but domestic production is insufficient due to the lack of adaptability. This study aimed to provide a morphological basis for adding interspecific hybrid licorice with improved adaptability to pharmacopoeia. Methods : This study was to establish identification criteria for the original plants, external and internal morphology of the authentic herbal medicines (Glycyrrhiza uralensis, G. glabra and G. inflata), market products and artificially interspecific hybrid forms of licorice. For this purpose, previous studies were investigated and visual and histological observations were carried out. We focused on the internal morphology by microscopic observation for securing objectivity. Finally, we proposed the identification keys for precise classification of each part. Results : 1) Original plant : Licorice species in the compendium were distinguished by the number of leaflets, presence of hair on the fruit, curvature and swelling of the fruit. 2) External morphology : Licorice species were distinguished by degree of powderiness, tearing gap, radial structure in the cross section and existence of protrusion of outer epidermis. 3) Internal morphology : Licorice species were distinguished by the degree of development of phloem fiber bundle, development of obliterated sieve, whether the secondary medullary ray are branched. In the case of interspecific hybrids, the characteristics of both species used for hybridization were mixed in all observation methods. Conclusions : These results suggest that the interspecific crossbred licorice is suitable for the pharmacopoeial standard. Therefore, it can be applied as a herbal medicine through additional supplementary study.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.03a
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• pp.21-21
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• 1998

• Carbon letters
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.226-229
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• 2012

Polyacetylene (PA) films with vertically aligned fibril morphology were synthesized in homeotropic nematic liquid crystal (N-LC) solvent by using a magnetic field of 5 Tesla as an external perturbation. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs indicated that the lengths of fibrils from the substrate were $5-35{\mu}m$, depending on polymerization time. Carbonization was carried out using iodine-doped PA film and a morphology-retaining carbonization method. From the SEM results, we confirmed that the vertical morphology of the PA remains unchanged even after carbonization at $800^{\circ}C$. The weight loss of the films due to carbonization at $800^{\circ}C$ is about 20% of the weight of the film before iodine doping. It is expected that vertically aligned carbon might be a precursor for preparing vertical graphite materials, which materials could be useful for electrochemical energy storage and cell electrodes.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.161-166
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• 2008

The multi-films of a metallic film and a transparent conducting oxide (TCO, indium-tin oxide, ITO) film were formed on the stainless steel 316 and 304 plates by a sputtering method and an E-beam method and then the external metallic region of the stainless steel bipolar plates was converted into the metal nitride films through an annealing process. The multi-film formed on the stainless steel bipolar plates showed the XRD patterns of the typical indium-tin oxide, the metallic phase and the metal substrate and the external nitride film. The XRD pattern of the thin film on the bipolar plates modified showed two metal nitride phases of CrN and $Cr_2N$ compound. Surface microstructural morphology of the multi-film deposited bipolar plates was observed by AFM and FE-SEM. The metal nitride film formed on the stainless steel bipolar plates represented a microstructural morphology of fine columnar grains with 10 nm diameter and 60nm length in FE-SEM images. The electrical resistivity of the stainless steel bipolar plates modified was evaluated.

• ALGAE
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.173-182
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• 2010

Four Rhizosolenia species of marine diatom were appeared at 30 sites in Korean coastal waters from September 2008 to February 2010. The cell shape, diameter, length of pervalvar axis, external process, segment and areolation characters of the species were examined. All four species were cylindrically shaped, but the external processes differed. Segment striations were regularly straight, and velum showed hexagonal, circular pore and narrow slit. Rhizosolenia formosa and R. hyalina were only occurred in September 2008 from the Yellow Sea, R. bergonii was appeared throughout the year from Korea Strait and Yangyang coasts, and R. setigera was abundantly showed in all seasons from all site. R. formosa is a newly recorded species in Korean coastal waters.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.73-90
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• 1983

The analysis in external morphology of Astilbe including three endemic species in Korea was undertaken. From this study, five species and three varieties of Astilbe in Korea were redescribed. Their scientific names and Korean names were also consulted. Korean Astilbe could be grouped in two Series-Series 1. Simplicifoliae; Astilbe simplicifoliae and Series 2. compositae; A. taquetii, A. microphylla, A. chiensis var. chinensis, A. chinensis var. paniculata, A. chinensis var. davidii, A. divaricata, A. koreana. Interspecific relationships of eight taxa were represented as a toxonomic model by the considering their external morphology-pubescence on floral axis and surface of leafblade, inflorescence type, ratio of petal and stamen length-and distributional range in Korea and neighboring countries.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 1983

Enedrias fangi, which was not yet recorded in Korean fishes fauna, is revealed in Korean coastal waters during the present research period. The external morphology of this species is compared with that of E. nebulosus ('bedorachi' in Korean name). Taking into consideration the morphological differences between two species and the Korean name of S. nebulosus, 'bedorachi', the authors propose 'heenbedorachi' meaning white gunnel as Korean name of this unrecorded species.