• 한국어교육
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.297-335
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• 2017

Recently, Chinese universities have been putting their priority on cultivating industry-academia linked talents, catching up with social change and industrial demand. Accordingly, vocational purpose education is being emphasized even in Korean language education. When facing active trade between Korea and China, the importance of business Korean language education will be magnified, and therefore, the demand for business Korean textbooks will grow accordingly. To strengthen the basis for the development of future business Korean textbooks, this study conducted a general analysis of a business Korean textbook for Chinese learners. Specifically, the textbook was examined by largely dividing it into external and internal structures. After dividing the internal structure into "purpose of compilation", "composition of the textbook", "learning contents", and "learning activity", the composition of the textbook was once again divided into "overall composition" and "unit composition", and the learning contents was further divided into "subject", "language content", and "supplementary knowledge." Furthermore, an analysis was conducted. The status and directions for future development of business Korean textbooks for Chinese learners are delineated and suggestions for improvement are provided. This study has its significant in that a general analysis was conducted on a business Korean textbook for Chinese learners, and is expected to be used as basic research material for the future development of business Korean textbooks.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.33-56
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• 2022

Purpose - This paper explains how free trade agreements (FTAs) work as a building block to achieve global free trade and be better than other trade regimes. Design/methodology - This paper utilizes a trade liberalization game setup. Three countries choose a trade agreement strategy based on a given trade regime. Trade agreement is made only when all member countries agree. The paper evaluates each trade regime concerning FTAs and customs union (CU) by area size of global free trade equilibrium on the technology or demand gap between countries. Findings - FTAs make global free trade easier. In this game, there are two main reasons for failure to reach global free trade. First, a trade regime with FTAs makes non-member face difficulties in refusing trade agreements in the existence of a technology gap than a trade regime without FTAs. Also, a trade regime with FTAs causes it harder to exclude non-members in the existence of a demand gap than a trade regime with only CUs. Therefore, a trade regime with FTAs can work better in reaching global free trade. Originality/value - The concept of "implicit coordination" was used, which assumes that FTA members keep external tariffs for non-members the same as before an FTA. Without this consideration, FTA members lower their tariffs to non-members, and it makes non-member refuse free trade easier. FTA can prevent it sufficiently only with implicit coordination. This makes the trade regime with FTAs more effective to reach global free trade.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.70-72
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• 2022

In this study, we report on a power system developed as a decelerator for a driving module in an electric vehicle. The system is to be mounted in a limited space. The research focus was on development of miniaturization, light weight, and high power density. In particular, we aimed to minimize the layout of existing external components as integrated or built-in, and to maximize the power density by applying optimal cooling technology to increased requirements for developing modular power systems applicable to various OEM models. South Korean automakers ranked fourth in global electric-vehicle sales in 2020, but domestic sales are relatively slow. Despite government's expansion in subsidies for eco-friendly cars, consumers are delaying purchases after 2021 considering the cost-effectiveness of electric vehicles. In major European markets, the demand for electric vehicles exceeded the demand for diesel cars, and sales of hybrid cars, which used to represent eco-friendly cars, are slowing down as Toyota, started selling electric vehicles. In this study, the internal lubrication characteristics of a decelerator installed in an electric vehicle were analyzed in terms of the deceleration time while driving. By selecting the proper oil and oil viscosity, it was confirmed that there is no problem in lubricating the bearings and gears of the decelerator.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2023

In this paper, an alternative inventory policy that trades off the bullwhip effect at an upstream facility with cost minimization at a current facility, with the goal of reducing system wide total expected inventory costs, when external demand distributjon is autocorrelated, is considered. The alternative inventory policy has a form that is somewhere between one that completely neglects the autocorrleation and one that actively utilizes the autocorrelation. For this purpose, a mathematical model that allows us to evaluate system wide total expected inventory costs for a periodic review system is developed. This model enables us to identify an optimal inventory policy at a current facility that minimizes system wide total expected inventory costs by the best tradeoff of the bullwhip effect at an upstream facility with cost minimization at a current facility. From numerical experiments, it has been found that (i) when the autocorrelation is negative, the optimal policy is one that actively utilizes the autocorrelation, (ii) when the autocorrelation is small and positive, the optimal policy is one that neglects the autocorrelation, and (iii) when the autocorrelation is large and positive, the optimal policy is somewhere between one that actively utilizes the autocorrelation and one that neglect the autocorrelation.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2024

Considering the continuous growth in the production and consumption of Gastrodia elata, it's crucial to accurately understand the consumer demand for Gastrodia elata products and develop health products tailored to consumer preferences. In this study, we surveyed 400 consumers each from South Korea and China to gauge their perceptions and buying intentions concerning Gastrodia elata products. The results revealed that Korean consumers predominantly evaluate Gastrodia elata products based on health consciousness, whereas Chinese consumers emphasize the product's external characteristics. In Korea, Gastrodia elata products are mainly promoted for their health benefits and are primarily consumed in ingestible forms. In contrast, in China, Gastrodia elata is frequently used as a culinary ingredient. These findings underscore that consumer perceptions and buying intentions can differ depending on how a product is advertised and presented. Future studies should take into account the evolving international Gastrodia elata market and the surging demand, incorporating diverse countries and cities. It will also be imperative to maintain ongoing monitoring, drawing insights from the industrial growth drive model.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1993년도 Proceedings of International Conference for Agricultural Machinery and Process Engineering
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• pp.109-118
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• 1993

Development process of agricultural technology has been studied with a case study of Korean agriculture. Technological is considered as a transformer of inputs into outputs and hence technological appropriateness, an important aspect of agricultural development strategies, is considered as a dynamic concepts. Considering the concept of agricultural system as a delivery system for providing essential materials and services to producers and consumers, it has been divided into two major groups of dimensions vis. external challenge dimensions and internal response dimensions. Market, investment and agro-ecosystem constitute the external challenge dimensions : whereas trade , technology as well as production and resources allocation constitute internal response dimensions. The system manager is responsible for maintaining equilibrium in the mentioned six sub-systems. Two kinds of alternatives paths of technological development viz. land saving technology and labour saving technolog have been studied. Technology is considered as a combination of four basic components viz. facilities, abilities, facts and frameworks. Adoption of innovation in agriculture depends on profitability, awareness, risk aversion, financial capacity, institutional infrastructure, availability of physical inputs and adaptability to the local conditions. For a cast study of Korea, changes in the agricultural system through external challenge dimensions are investigated. The impacts of industrialization on agro-ecosystem reported are shift of labour from the agricultural sector to non-agricultural sectors and continuously increasing demand of farm the agricultural sector to non-agricultural sectors accompanied by increase in land prices. The impacts on the commodity market discussed are shift in demand from rice, barley and other cereals to meat , dairy products and vegetables : and increasing in supply capacity of agricultural inputs. The process of agricultural development from 1962 to 19 1 9 (i.e. from start of the first to the end of the sixth five year plan) are also discussed in details with several policy measures taken. The trend of agricultural income and productivity are also analyzed. The main cause of increase in the agricultural income is considered as increase in labour productivity. The study revealed that during the span of 1965-88, holding size has not changed significantly, but both the land and labour productivity increased and so did the agricultural income. R&D activities in Korea have changed over time in three stages vix. import of improved technology, localization by adaptive research and technological mastery. For the new technology to be made affordable to farmers, policy measures like fertilizer and food grain exchange system, dual price system in rice and barely and loan for machinery were strengthened.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.106-116
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• 2016

MTO (Make to Order) is a manufacturing process in which manufacturing starts only after a customer's order is received. Manufacturing after receiving customer's orders means to start a pull-type supply chain operation because manufacturing is performed when demand is confirmed, i.e. being pulled by demand (The opposite business model is to manufacture products for stock MTS (Make to Stock), which is push-type production). There are also BTO (Build to Order) and ATO (Assemble To Order) in which assembly starts according to demand. Lean manufacturing by MTO is very efficient system. Nevertheless, the process industry, generally, which has a high fixed cost burden due to large-scale investment is suitable for mass production of small pieces or 'mass customization' defined recently. The process industry produces large quantities at one time because of the lack of manufacturing flexibility due to long time for model change or job change, and high loss during line-down (shutdown). As a result, it has a lot of inventory and costs are increased. In order to reduce the cost due to the characteristics of the process industry, which has a high fixed cost per hour, it operates a stock production system in which it is made and sold regardless of the order of the customer. Therefore, in a business environment where the external environment changes greatly, the inventory is not sold and it becomes obsolete. As a result, the company's costs increase, profits fall, and it make more difficult to survive in the competition. Based on the customer's order, we have built a new method for order system to meet the characteristics of the process industry by producing it as a high-profitable model. The design elements are designed by deriving the functions to satisfy the Y by collecting the internal and external VOC (voice of customer), and the design elements are verified through the conversion function. And the Y is satisfied through the pilot test verified and supplemented. By operating this make to order system, we have reduced bad inventories, lowered costs, and improved lead time in terms of delivery competitiveness. Make to order system in the process industry is effective for the display glass industry, for example, B and C groups which are non-flagship models, have confirmed that the line is down when there is no order, and A group which is flagship model, have confirmed stock production when there is no order.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2003

A practical method to investigate the sharing architecture of FMS, for small and medium enterprises, on distributed heterogeneous environmental conditions is investigated. Because the industrial FMS model requires a reasonable size for actual work-site flexible operation, the initial facility expense is very heavy. The support for flexible cooperation of FMS, with some external different FMS, can reduce expenditures and provide greater functionality. While most FMS provide their operation process using an adequate mechanism, when used in isolation, such as island of automation, there is increasing demand for FMS that can cooperate. By exchanging intermediate products and information with other external FMS, products can be produced that cannot be produced alone, such as those that require various processes. This study first considers the sharing architecture of FMS for small and medium enterprises, and investigates the effects of the general sharing architecture of FMS on distributed heterogeneous environments, by using transducer approach to agentification. In this study, set-up station or in-out station takes charge of the gateway of intermediate products, and routes them among distributed heterogeneous FMS plants. The transducer approach is applied to web agent and set-up agent established interfaces, with system controller and setup controller. In this study, the FMS-established sharing architecture is able to obtain not only the internal flexibility, but also the external flexibility.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.1379-1385
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• 2017

가상훈련은 특정한 훈련을 목적으로 훈련에 필요한 환경이나 상황을 가상으로 구현하여 실제 상황처럼 진행하는 교육 훈련으로써 최근에는 가상현실 기술의 급격한 발전으로 인해 현실세계에서 직접 경험하지 못하는 상황을 실감적으로 체험하는 것에 대한 요구가 더욱 증대하고 있다. 특히, 안전 불감증으로 인해 수많은 재난 사고로 인명 피해가 끊이지 않는 우리나라에서는 안전교육이 매우 필요하므로 가상현실을 이용한 재난대응 훈련 시뮬레이션이 어느 때보다 시급하다. 본 논문에서는 가상현실 기술을 이용하여 심장충격기인 자동제세동기(AED) 훈련 시스템을 제안하고 구현한다. 자동제세동기는 급성심장정지 환자를 구출하기 위해 가장 필요한 의료 기기임에도 불구하고 사용법을 숙지하고 있는 사람이 많지 않아 국내에서 자동제세동기를 사용하여 환자의 생명을 구한 사례는 매우 미미하다. 제안하는 AED 가상훈련 시스템은 실제와 같은 상황에서 몰입감이 있고 체험적인 훈련이 가능하며 저렴한 비용으로 훈련이 가능하여 매우 유용하다.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.35-57
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• 2002

본고는 1997년 경제위기를 전후한 고용조정의 효과를 인력구조와 임금구조 측면에서 살펴보았다. 아울러 기업 내부에서의 인적자본의 외부효과에 대한 이론적 모형을 제시하고 그것을 추정하였다. 인력구조의 변화와 임금구조의 변화를 연계하면 1997년 경제위기를 전후해서 상대적으로 노동공급의 변화보다 노동수요의 감소가 더 컸다고 할 수 있다. 교육 인적자본, 근속에 따라 축적되는 인적자본, 기혼자가 가지고 있는 인적자본, 사무직이 가지고 있는 인적자본에 대해서는 정의 외부효과로 추정되는 결과를 얻었고, 연령이 높은 근로자와 관리자의 인적자본에 대해서는 부의 외부효과로 추정되는 결과를 얻었다. 경제위기를 전후해서 각 근로자 집단의 외부효과의 증감에 따라 그 근로자 집단에 대한 고용조정의 효율성 제고 여부를 판단하면, 연령별, 근속년수별 고용조정과 관리자에 대한 고용조정은 기업의 효율성을 제고하는 방향으로 진행되었다고 할 수 있지만, 기혼 근로자와 사무직에 대한 고용조정은 그렇다고 할 수 없다.