• 제목/요약/키워드: Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis

검색결과 21건 처리시간 0.023초

Mechanism of Action of and Resistance to Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

  • Tanaka, Nobuo
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.93-102
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    • 1983
  • Waksman's group discovered SM in 1944, and opened a new field of antibiotcs: i. e. AGs. A large group of antibiotics containing aminosugar and/or aminocyclitol is called the AGs. A majority of AGs are produced by actinomycetes. In the first period, AGs effective against tuberculosis were chiefly examined. Following the studies on NM and KM, AGs active against staphyllococci and gram-negative robs were investigated. The discovery of GM and synthesis of DKB and AMK led to the studies on the third generation AGs, which show a broad antimicrobial spectrum including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and drug-resistant bacteria. Since opportunistic infection caused by drug-resistant bacteria are increasing, the third generation AGs are extensively investigated at present.

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결핵균의 항결핵제 내성 전환 패턴 (The Patterns of Conversion to Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis)

  • 정무상;이규택
    • 대한임상검사과학회지
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    • 제54권2호
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    • pp.125-132
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    • 2022
  • 다제내성결핵과 광범위내성결핵은 결핵 치료의 문제가 되고 있으며 발생빈도 역시 증가하고 있다. 본 연구는 2010년 1월부터 2019년 12월까지 녹십자의료재단 의뢰된 환자를 대상으로 Löwenstein-Jensen 고체배지와 pyrazinamide for pyrazinamidase를 이용하여 약물감수성시험(DST)을 시행하여 내성으로 전환되는 항결핵제 패턴과 평균 추적 기간을 분석하였다. 항결핵제 중 1개 이상의 항결핵제 내성을 보인 증례들에서 초기 의뢰 시 INH 항결핵제에 내성인 경우가 55명(33.1%)으로 가장 높은 비율로 나타났으며, 내성으로 전환된 항결핵제는 EMB 17명(26.6%), RFP 14명(21.9%), QUI 14명(21.9%), PZA 12명(10.9%) 순으로 조사되었다. 10개의 항결핵제에 모두 감수성인 증례들에서는 INH 항결핵제에 대한 내성 전환은 43명(7.2%)으로 가장 빈도가 높았으며, 평균 추적 기간은435.6일로 조사되었으며, 내성으로 전환되는 항결핵제의 내성전환율은 INH 43명(7.2%), RFP 23명(3.9%), SM 11명(1.9%), QUI 4명(0.7%), AMK 3명(0.5%), EMB 3명(0.5%)이었다. 이에 본 연구는 항결핵제에 대한 감수성에서 내성으로의 전환은 특히 다제내성결핵과 광범위 내성결핵의 전환되는 환자에게 매우 중요한 자료가 될 것으로 보이며, 결핵 치료에서 환자 치료에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

국립의료원에 내원한 광역내성 폐결핵 환자와 다제내성 폐결핵 환자의 임상적 특성 비교 (Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients with Extensively Drug-resistance and Multi-drug Resistance at National Medical Center in Korea)

  • 김종경;송하도;조동일;유남수
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제64권6호
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    • pp.414-421
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    • 2008
  • 연구배경: 최근 광역내성 결핵은 공공보건에 중대한 문제가 되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 국립의료원에 내원한 폐결핵 환자들 중 광역내성 폐결핵 환자와 다제내성 폐결핵 환자의 임상적 특성을 비교 연구 하여 광역내성 및 다제내성 폐결핵에 대한 관심을 높이고 폐결핵 퇴치에 이바지하고자 하였다. 방 법: 2000년 1월부터 2007년 8월까지 객담 결핵균배 양양성 및 항결핵 약제에 대한 감수성검사가 행해진 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 감수성결과에 따라 광역내성군과 다제내성군으로 나눈 뒤, 의무기록을 토대로하여 임상적 특성을 후향적으로 비교분석 하였다. 결 과: 총 314명의 환자들 중 18명(5.7%)이 광역내성, 69명(22%)이 다제내성이었고 광역내성을 다제내성에 포함시켰을 때 광역내성이 다제내성에서 차지하는 비율은 20.69%였다. 연구된 임상적 특성들 중, 광역내성 또는 다제내성이 진단될 당시 결핵치료를 위한 폐절제술의 과거력이 광역내성군에서 더 많았으며(OR, 3.974; 95% CI, 1.052~15.011; p value, 0.032), 광역내성이나 다제내성으로 진단되기 전 복용중단기간을 포함한 이전 항결핵약제 복용기간의 평균도 광역내성군에서 더 길었다(광역내성군: 72.67개월, 다제내성군: 13.09개월, 평균복용기간의차이, 59.582개월; 95% CI, 31.743~87.420; p value, 0.000). 또한 복용기간이 길수록 광역내성 발생과 유의한 관계가 있었다(OR, 1.076; 95% CI, 1.038~1.117; p value, 0.000). 그 외 남성의 비율, 당뇨병의 빈도, 45세 미만의 연령, 2개월 이상 항결핵약제 복용을 중단한 경력, 다제내 성이나 광역내성으로 진단될 당시 흉부방사선사진에서 공동의 존재 빈도와 내성 진단 당시 객담 항산성균 도말 양성 검사 비율은 전체적으로 광역내성군에서 더 높았으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 결 론: 광역내성 폐결핵 환자들에서 광역내성으로 진단될 당시 결핵치료를 위한 폐절제술의 과거력의 비율이 더 높았으며, 내성 진단 전 더 긴 항결핵약제 복용기간을 보여주었다. 또한 긴 복용기간은 유의하게 광역내성의 발생과 관련되어 있었다.

Multi-epitope vaccine against drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a proteome-wide subtraction and immunoinformatics approach

  • Md Tahsin Khan;Araf Mahmud;Md. Muzahidul Islam;Mst. Sayedatun Nessa Sumaia;Zeaur Rahim;Kamrul Islam;Asif Iqbal
    • Genomics & Informatics
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.42.1-42.23
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    • 2023
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative agent of tuberculosis, one of the most deadly infections in humans. The emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Mtb strains presents a global challenge. Mtb has shown resistance to many frontline antibiotics, including rifampicin, kanamycin, isoniazid, and capreomycin. The only licensed vaccine, Bacille Calmette-Guerin, does not efficiently protect against adult pulmonary tuberculosis. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to develop new vaccines to prevent infections caused by these strains. We used a subtractive proteomics approach on 23 virulent Mtb strains and identified a conserved membrane protein (MmpL4, NP_214964.1) as both a potential drug target and vaccine candidate. MmpL4 is a non-homologous essential protein in the host and is involved in the pathogen-specific pathway. Furthermore, MmpL4 shows no homology with anti-targets and has limited homology to human gut microflora, potentially reducing the likelihood of adverse effects and cross-reactivity if therapeutics specific to this protein are developed. Subsequently, we constructed a highly soluble, safe, antigenic, and stable multi-subunit vaccine from the MmpL4 protein using immunoinformatics. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the stability of the vaccine-bound Tolllike receptor-4 complex on a nanosecond scale, and immune simulations indicated strong primary and secondary immune responses in the host. Therefore, our study identifies a new target that could expedite the design of effective therapeutics, and the designed vaccine should be validated. Future directions include an extensive molecular interaction analysis, in silico cloning, wet-lab experiments, and evaluation and comparison of the designed candidate as both a DNA vaccine and protein vaccine.

일개 부산지역 3차 병원에서 관찰한 다제내성 결핵의 실태, 2005~2009 (The Current Status of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in One Tertiary Hospital in Busan, 2005~2009)

  • 윤늘봄;이성우;박수민;정일환;박소영;한송이;이유림;정진규;김준모;김수영;엄수정;이수걸;손춘희;홍영희;이기남;노미숙;김경희
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제71권2호
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    • pp.120-125
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    • 2011
  • Background: Although the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis has progressively decreased all over the world, drug-resistant tuberculosis is major obstacle in treating tuberculosis. This study was performed to examine the current prevalence and risk factors of drug resistant tuberculosis in a single tertiary hospital in Busan, Korea. Methods: We enrolled 367 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis on a retrospective basis who had undergone mycobacterium culture and drug sensitivity tests between January 2005 and December 2009. We analyzed all clinical and radiographic parameters to find predictors related to drug resistant tuberculosis. Results: At least one incident of drug resistance was found in 75 (20.4%) patients. Isoniazid (18.8%) was the most frequent resistant drug, followed by rifampin (10.9%), ethambutol (7.1%), streptomycin (4.9%), and fluoroquinolone (2.7%). Resistance to second-line drugs was found in 37 (10.1%) patients. Multidrug resistance and extensively drug resistance was evident in 39 (10.6%) and 4 (1.1%) patients, respectively. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, history of previous treatment including relapse (odd ratio [OR], 11.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.92~26.08; p<0.01), treatment failure (OR, 24.1; 95% CI, 5.65~102.79; p<0.01) and an age of below 46 years-old (OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.62~8.65; p<0.01) were found to be independent predictors of multidrug resistant tuberculosis. Conclusion: We found that the prevalence of drug resistant tuberculosis was considerably high. A careful consideration for possible drug resistant tuberculosis is warranted in patients with a history of previous treatment or for younger patients.

Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Comparison of Pre- and Post-Public-Private Mix Periods

  • Kang, Yewon;Jo, Eun-Jung;Eom, Jung Seop;Kim, Mi-Hyun;Lee, Kwangha;Kim, Ki Uk;Park, Hye-Kyung;Lee, Min Ki;Mok, Jeongha
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제84권1호
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    • pp.74-83
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    • 2021
  • Background: This study compared the treatment outcomes of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) before and after the implementation of public-private mix (PPM). Factors affecting treatment success were also investigated. Methods: Data from culture-confirmed pulmonary MDR-TB patients who commenced MDR-TB treatment at Pusan National University Hospital between January 2003 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups in terms of PPM status: pre-PPM period, patients who commenced MDR-TB treatment between 2003 and 2010; and post-PPM period, patients treated between 2011 and 2017. Results: A total of 176 patients were included (64 and 112 in the pre- and post-PPM periods, respectively). 36.9% of the patients were resistant to a fluoroquinolone or a second-line injectable drug, or both. The overall treatment success rate was 72.7%. The success rate of post-PPM patients was higher than that of pre-PPM patients (79.5% vs. 60.9%, p=0.008). Also, loss to follow-up was lower in the post-PPM period (5.4% vs. 15.6%, p=0.023). In multivariate regression analysis, age ≥65 years, body mass index ≤18.5 kg/m2, previous TB treatment, bilateral lung involvement, and extensively drug-resistant (XDR)- or pre-XDR-TB were associated with poorer treatment outcomes. However, the use of bedaquiline or delamanid for ≥1 month increased the treatment success. Conclusion: The treatment success rate in MDR-TB patients was higher in the post-PPM period than in the pre-PPM period, particularly because of the low rate of loss to follow-up. To ensure comprehensive patient-centered PPM in South Korea, investment and other support must be adequate.

국내 민간병원에서 치료한 다제내성결핵 환자의 치료 결과 및 예후 인자 (Treatment Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Korean Private Hospitals)

  • 박진경;고원중;김덕겸;김은경;김유일;김희진;김태형;김재열;박무석;박이내;박재석;이기만;송숙희;이진화;이승헌;이혁표;임재준;임재민;제갈양진;정기환;허진원;최재철;심태선
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제69권2호
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    • pp.95-102
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    • 2010
  • Background: The increasing rate of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a threat to the public health and TB control. In Korea, about 75~80% of TB patients are treated in private hospitals and the rate has been continuously increasing since 2000. Methods: On a retrospective basis, we enrolled 170 newly diagnosed with or retreated for multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) in 2004 from 21 private hospitals. We extracted the following demographics and treatment history from patient medical records: initial treatment outcomes, cumulative survival rates, treatment outcomes, and prognostic factors. Results: Of the 170 patients, the majority were male (64.1%), the mean age was 44.5 years old, and mean body-mass-index was $20.2kg/m^2$. None of the patients tested positive for HIV. Eleven (6.5%) were confirmed to have extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) at treatment initiation. Treatment success rates were not different between XDR-TB (36.4%, 4/11) and non-XDR MDR-TB (51.6%, 82/159). Default rate was high, 21.8% (37/170). Far advanced disease on X-ray was a significant negative predictor of treatment success; advanced disease and low BMI were risk factors for all-cause mortality. Conclusion: In private hospitals in Korea, the proportion of XDR-TB in MDR-TB was comparable to previous data. The treatment success rate of MDR-/XDR-TB remains poor and the failure rate was quite high. Adequate TB control policies should be strengthened to prevent the further development and spread of MDR-/XDR-TB in Korea.

2003~2005년도 민간 병의원 신환자에서 분리된 결핵균의 항결핵약제 내성률 (Drug Resistance Rate of New Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients Treated from the Private Sector in 2003~2005)

  • 박영길;박윤성;배정임;김희진;류우진;장철훈;이희경
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제64권2호
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    • pp.87-94
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    • 2008
  • 연구배경: 항결핵 약제내성률은 국가결핵관리 사업을 평가하는 중요한 지표 중 하나이다. 최근 보건소보다 민간병의원에서 신고되는 결핵 신환자가 증가하는 추세에서, 이들을 대상으로 초회(일차) 내성률을 조사하고자 하였다. 방법: 2003년에서 2005년까지 민간병의원에서 결핵연구원에 약제감수성 검사를 의뢰한 환자와 결핵감시체계에 신고된 환자 중에서 성명과 주민등록번호가 일치하는 결핵 신환자를 선정하여 그 약제감수성 검사 결과를 조사 하였다. 결과: 3년간 조사 대상자는 5,132명이었고 이 중 내성환자는 689명으로 13.4%이었고, 다제 내성환자는 195명으로 3.8%이었으며, 광역 내성환자는 21명으로 0.4%이었다. 항결핵 약제 내성률이나 다제내성률에 있어서 3년간 통계적으로 유의할만한 내성률의 증감현상은 없었다. 약제별 내성에서는 이소니아지드 내성은 10.3%, 리팜핀 내성은 4.5%이었다. 결핵환자의 남녀 성비에 따른 차이는 남자가 60%, 여성은 40%로 있었지만, 성비에 따른 내성률의 차이는 없었다. 연령대 별로는 20대에서 19.6%로 가장 높았으며, 연령별 내성률은 50대에서 15.8%로 가장 높았고, 10대에서 9.6%로 가장 낮았다. 다제 내성률은 30대에서 5.3%로 가장 높았으며, 70대에서 1.4%로 가장 낮았다. 결론: 본 조사는 민간병의원 환자를 대상으로 검사실 자료를 이용한 최초의 항결핵 약제내성률 조사이며, 보건소 환자를 대상으로 실시한 약제내성률 조사 결과와 통계학적인 유의성을 보이지는 않았다.

The National Status of Tuberculosis Using Nationwide Medical Records Survey of Patients with Tuberculosis in Korea

  • Park, Yoon-Sung;Hong, Sung-Jin;Boo, Yoo-Kyung;Hwang, Eun-Suk;Kim, Hyun Jung;Cho, Seung-Hee;Na, Kyung-In;Cho, En-Hi;Shin, Sang-Sook
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제73권1호
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    • pp.48-55
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    • 2012
  • Background: The epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) has been assessed based on the data of the analysis of TB patients notified to the surveillance system in Korea. However, the national status of TB is not validated through this surveillance system. The objective is to determine the epidemiology of TB and to understand the accurate status of TB patients treated in private institutions. Methods: Medical records of 53,579 patients who had been diagnosed with TB in 2008 were analyzed. Results: Among 53,579 patients, the number of sputum smear positive cases was 15,639(29.2%) and the number of new cases was 39,191 (73.1%). The drug resistance rate of new cases was 5.3%, while the rate stood at 13.3% for TB patients with treatment history. The number of multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) patients was 2,472 (4.6%), which consists of 2.9% of new cases and 9.3% of TB patients with prior treatment history. The number of extensively drug-resistant TB patients was 749 (1.4%), consisting of 1.1% of new cases and 2.2% of TB patients with prior treatment history. In terms of treatment outcomes, 66.4% of all TB patients, 70.5% of new cases, 64.4% of relapse cases, and 46.8% of MDR-TB cases were cured or completed. It was inferred that in 2008, the total number of TB patients reached 70,767, 145.6 per 100,000 people (95% confidence interval, 145.5~145.7). Conclusion: We conclude that the medical records review of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) data can be very effective in promoting the understanding of the current status of TB in private institutions.

결핵 환자의 재원기간과 사망에 영향을 미치는 요인(2008-2017): 퇴원손상자료를 중심으로 (Factors Affecting Length of Stay and Death in Tuberculosis Patients(2008-2017): Focus on the Korean National Hospital Discharge In-depth Injury Survey)

  • 이현숙;김상미
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제21권4호
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    • pp.487-497
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    • 2021
  • 본 연구의 목적은 2008년부터 2017년까지의 결핵환자의 결핵 종류, 환자 특성, 입원 및 질병관련 특성, 의료기관 특성에 따른 재원기간과 사망에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하고자 한다. 질병관리청에서 제공하는 퇴원손상심층조사자료를 활용하였고, 제6차 한국표준질병사인분류(KCD)의 퇴원시 진단 코드가 결핵(A15, A16, A17, A18, A19, U88.0, U88.1, U84.30, U84.31)인 환자를 추출하여 총 10,634건을 최종 분석에 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 통계 프로그램 STATA 13.0 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도분석, 교차분석(chi-square test), Fisher's exact test와 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과로 재원기간에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 폐결핵을 기준으로 폐외결핵, 복합결핵, 내성결핵일 때, 남자보다는 여자일 때, 연령이 높을수록, CCI(Charlson Comorbidity Index) 점수가 높을수록, 병원소재지 서울을 기준으로 광역시일 때 14일 이상 재원환자가 많았지만 외래경유, 병상규모가 작을수록 14일 이상 재원환자가 적었다. 그리고 사망에 영향을 미치는 요인은 폐결핵을 기준으로 폐외결핵, 내성결핵 일 때, 남자보다는 여자일 때, 연령이 높을수록, CCI 점수가 높을수록, 병원소재지가 서울을 기준으로 광역시, 도지역일 때 사망이 높았으나 거주지가 특별시일때 보다는 농촌, 외래경유 입원인 경우 사망이 낮았다. 결론으로 기존의 결핵관리가 조기발견에 따른 신속한 진단과 치료의 환자 관리였다면 앞으로는 장기재원과 치료결과 사망률이 높은 고위험군을 파악하고 이를 지원하는 제도를 위한 연구들이 추가적으로 진행되어야 할 것이다.