• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2013

The wildland fire intensity and scale are getting bigger owing to climate change in the world. In the case of domestic, the forest is distributed over approximately 63.7 % of country and the main facilities like a industrial facility or gas facility abuts onto it. Therefore there is potential that the wildland fire is developed to a large-scale disaster. In this study, the effect distances of the radiant heat flux from the crown fire are analysed according to the change of wind velocity. The safety criteria concerning the radiant heat flux to influence on the surrounding were researched to analyse the effect distances. The criteria of radiant heat flux were chosen $5kW/m^2$, $12.5kW/m^2$, $37.5kW/m^2$. WFDS, which is an extension of NIST's Fire Dynamics Simulator, was used to consequence analysis of the forest fire. In order to apply the analysis conditions, it is researched the forest conditions that is generally distributed in domestic region. As the result, the maximum effect distances by radiant heat were showed at the horizontal and vertical direction. When the wind velocity varied from 0 to 10 m/s, the maximum effect distance increased as the wind velocity increases. Interesting point is that the maximum effect distance were shown at the wind velocity of 8 m/s. The maximum effect distance was decreased according as the fuel moisture of trees increase. This study can contribute to analyse quantitative risk about the damage effect of the surrounding facilities caused by wildland fire.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2011.02a
• /
• pp.421-422
• /
• 2011

The first part is about development of a liquid target for a neutron source, which is designed to overcome many of the limitations of traditional beam-target neutron generators by utilizing a liquid target neutron source. One of the most critical aspects of the beam-target neutron generator is the target integrity under the beam exposure. A liquid target can be a good solution to overcome damage to the target such as target erosion and depletion of hydrogen isotopes in the active layer, especially for the one operating at high neutron fluxes with no need for water cooling. There is no inherent target lifetime for the liquid target neutron generator when used with continuous refreshment of the target surface exposed to the energetic beam. In this work, liquid target containing hydrogen has been developed and tested in vacuum environment. Potentially, liquid targets could allow a point neutron source whose spatial extension is on the order of 1 to $10{\mu}m$. And the second is about the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectrometer which is designed as a five-channel spectral system for ITER main plasma measurement. To develop and verify the design, a two-channel prototype system was fabricated with No. 3 (14.4 nm~31.8 nm) and No. 4 (29.0 nm~60.0 nm) among the five channels. For test of the prototype system, a hollow cathode lamp is used as a light source. The system is composed of a collimating mirror to collect the light from source to slit, and two holographic diffraction gratings with toroidal geometry to diffract and also to collimate the light from the common slit to detectors. The two gratings are positioned at different optical distances and heights as designed. To study the appropriate detector for ITER VUV system, two different electronic detectors of the back-illuminated charge coupled device and the micro-channel plate electron multiplier were installed and the performance has been investigated and compared in the same experimental conditions. The overall system performance was verified by measuring the spectrums.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.651-659
• /
• 2014

With the popularization of big data environment, big data have been highlighted as a key information strategy to establish national spatial data infrastructure for a scientific land policy and the extension of the creative economy. Especially interesting from our point of view is the cadastral information is a core national information source that forms the basis of spatial information that leads to people's daily life including the production and consumption of information related to real estate. The purpose of our paper is to suggest the scheme of big data analytics with respect to the articles of cadastral resurvey project in order to approach cadastral information in terms of spatial data integration. As specific research method, the TM (Text Mining) package from R was used to read various formats of news reports as texts, and nouns were extracted by using the KoNLP package. That is, we searched the main keywords regarding cadastral resurvey, performing extraction of compound noun and data mining analysis. And visualization of the results was presented. In addition, new reports related to cadastral resurvey between 2012 and 2014 were searched in newspapers, and nouns were extracted from the searched data for the data mining analysis of cadastral information. Furthermore, the approval rating, reliability, and improvement of rules were presented through correlation analyses among the extracted compound nouns. As a result of the correlation analysis among the most frequently used ones of the extracted nouns, five groups of data consisting of 133 keywords were generated. The most frequently appeared words were "cadastral resurvey," "civil complaint," "dispute," "cadastral survey," "lawsuit," "settlement," "mediation," "discrepant land," and "parcel." In Conclusions, the cadastral resurvey performed in some local governments has been proceeding smoothly as positive results. On the other hands, disputes from owner of land have been provoking a stream of complaints from parcel surveying for the cadastral resurvey. Through such keyword analysis, various public opinion and the types of civil complaints related to the cadastral resurvey project can be identified to prevent them through pre-emptive responses for direct call centre on the cadastral surveying, Electronic civil service and customer counseling, and high quality services about cadastral information can be provided. This study, therefore, provides a stepping stones for developing an account of big data analytics which is able to comprehensively examine and visualize a variety of news report and opinions in cadastral resurvey project promotion. Henceforth, this will contribute to establish the foundation for a framework of the information utilization, enabling scientific decision making with speediness and correctness.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.31-43
• /
• 1982

Engineering phase of dairy housing systems has close connection with the milk produc- tivity of dairy cattle, the quality of milk, extension of dairy production systems, labor- saving in management of dairy cattle and the like. Moreover, the rate of investment of dairy housing facilities is of relatively high level, However, there has been almost no research effort for the improvement of engineering aspects of dairy housing systems in Korea. The purpose of this study is to find out general engineering problems and to recomm- end the improvement in dairy housing systems in Korea. Field survey by means of questionaire, direct measurements, taking pictures and sketching was conducted to get necessary information for the study. Kyung-ki Do region was firstly chosen for sampling area since it has included more than half of the number of dairy farms of the whole country. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. In overall dairy farm layout, the dwellings of workers were ignored in the light of sanitary environment 2. The layout of stalls in a dairy barn belongs mostly to the type of double-row face-out, which is compatible with the emphasis of manure disposal activities. 3. While the width and length of stalls were sufficiently close to the standard dimension, the width of mangers was much less than the standard dimension. 4. The width and depth of manure gutters and the width of working alleys were much. less than the standard dimension. 5. The mooring equipment was mostly in the classes of chain or rope. The watering equipment was not facilitated independantly except the one cese of using watercup. 6. The bucket milkers with one or two bucket milkers with the capacity of two cattles. each were used as milking equipment in most dairy farms. 7. There were only few milk rooms independently spaced from other space, in which the arrangement of milking equipment was much less than the standard condition. 8. The lounging ground area was averaged to be sufficient for the activity of dairy herd. 9. Silos for silage used during winter consisted of mostly bunker silos, trench silos and underground vertical silos. Ordinary vertical silos were considered for the farmers to be inconvenient for the labor saving. 10. From the view point of heat conservation and moisture removal within the dairy barns, windows were not flexible for the easy ventilation and ceiling part was not adequate for temperatur maintenance. 11. Waste treatment and disposal systems were not provided with most dairy farms, therefore the livestock waste pollution problems would be serious in the near future.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.159-171
• /
• 1996

The aim of this study is which factors affect the commercial land values and how they act upon them through distribution of commercial land values by multiple regression analysis in Gwangju city. The major findings of this study are as follows: (1) The changes of commercial land values distribution in $1989{\sim}1996$, We see that the commercial area of higher land values extends following the main arterial road. This is related to urbanization in urban fringe while the decline of commercial land values occurs in city center with long history of commercial region. This is due to unsuitableness in rapid changes of commercial environment because of fragmented lots, old buildings. traffic congestion etc. (2) The regions where commercial land values greatly rose are the west in constructed the new planning city center of Sangmu-dong. and the south west in which is related to the extension of high density apartment and the location of big discount stores. (3) Through the changes in commercial land values distribution map. and road map, topographical map, we know that commercial land values is related to various factors; namely, distance from CBD, convenient traffic, reputation of commercial district, condition of a road, size of supplementary, a degree of commercial land use etc. (4) From the above related factor, six variables are extracted by operational definition. That is the spatial distance from the city center, the walking distance to a stopping place, the road width, the amount of bus traffic, the amount of pedestrian, the number of the shop. (5) Data of seven variables are collected on the highest values point of each Dong. We applicate multiple regression analysis with commercial land values as a dependent variable, extracted six variables as independent variables. (6) As a result of multiple regression on the determinants of commercial land values, the variables which is greatly related to commercial land values are the amount of pedestrain, the spatial distance from city center. We identify that two variables explain variance of the commercial land values by 65%. (7) In order to make clear about not explained 35%. we carry out analysis of residual. In consequence, we see small estimate in downtown area and large estimate in urban fringe. This feature is due to simple core structure of Gwangju city and limits of this regression model.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.53 no.3
• /
• pp.273-278
• /
• 2008

This study set out to investigate the changes to the growth, yield, and flavonoid contents of mungbean according to different seeding times from mid May to mid July in the southern region of Korea. Days to first flowering, days to first maturing, and cultivation period were shorter at later seeding time than earlier seeding time. But later the seeding time was, days from first maturing to first harvesting, days required between harvesting increased. Number of pods at first harvesting and yield of mungbean were highest when seeded at late June, showing increase in yield 14% more than at early June as standard seeding time. However number of seeds per pod and 1,000-seed weight at first harvesting were highest when seeded at mid July. The number of harvesting was smallest at two times when seeded at June or mid July. The contents of average vitexin and isovitexin in mungbean were highest in the order of mid July, late June, and mid May. In particular, their contents reached its highest point in the seeds of the second harvest. Considering the results of the cultivation period, yield, harvesting times, vitexin and isovitexin contents, the proper seeding time of mungbeans in the southern region of Korea will be from late June to mid July.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.53 no.1
• /
• pp.58-63
• /
• 2008

Variation of chalkiness expression in milled waxy rice with the moisture contents of grains was investigated using instrument and naked eye evaluation methods. To find out any effects of varieties and harvesting times on the chalkiness development, rice grains of seven waxy varieties harvested at early, optimal and late times were tested after being sun-dried to have three different moisture contents of about $13.0{\sim}14.5%$, $14.5{\sim}16.0%$ and above 16.0%. The moisture contents of rice grains were distributed in the ranges of about 13.0% to 17.5% with the drying intensity right after harvesting. Although there were some genetical variations in whiteness and degree of transparency of milled rice grains among varieties at the same condition, chalkiness was most significantly affected by the changes of moisture content in all waxy varieties and harvesting times. At the moisture content less than 13.5%, all varieties exhibited waxy unique chalkiness, and at the moisture ranges between 13.5% and 14.0% the chalkiness was more or less affected by harvesting time and varieties. At the moisture content ranges between 14.0% and 16.0%, chalkiness gradually disappeared as with the increase of moisture content. However the degrees of chalkiness loses were strongly depended on individual kernels by showing as if the number of non-waxy rice kernels would be increasing in waxy rice grains with the moisture content increase. At the moisture content above about 16.0%, all waxy kernels lost their unique chalkiness, and showed non-waxy rice appearance.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.642-649
• /
• 2014

Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is the abundant winter visitor in South Korea. Mallard migrates long distances between Russian Siberia and Korea. This species prefers a rice paddy area as their winter habitat. We captured birds using cannon-net, and attached the GPS-Mobile phone based Telemetry(WT-200) on Seven Mallards in the winter of 2011~2013. We were monitored wintering home-range and movement distance. We analyzed the tracking location data using ArcGIS 9.0 and calculated Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) and Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP). The average home-range in the wintering ground by MCP was $118.8km^2$(SD=70.1, n=7)and the maximum home-rang was $221.8km^2$ and the minimum was $27.7km^2$. Extents of home-range by KDE were $60.0km^2$(KDE 90%), $23.0km^2$(KDE 70%) and $11.6km^2$(KDE 50%). Mallard moved an average of 19.4 km from start site(attach to WT-200 site), maximum moved was 33.2 km and minimum moved was 9.4 km. The average distance of 0.8 km between GPS fixed point(range 0.2~1.6 km), maximum moved was 19.7 km. Mallard moved a very short distance in wintering season and showed a very high water-dependent trends in wintering site.

• Spatial Information Research
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.159-173
• /
• 1999

GIS has been regarded as one of important tools or methodologies for various geoscience applications. Recently, spatial data integration schemes for site-specific or field-specific thematic mapping are newly developed and utilized. However, these kinds of approaches are somewhat insufficient quantitative assessment of integrated layers towards known targets in-detailed . Moreover, GIS analysis scheme is rarely extended to scientific approaches. In this study, simple approach of Multi-Buffer Zone Analysis , related to GIS analystical aspect, is addressed and an actual application for predicting or favorable mapping of mineral occurrences, one of GIS-based geoscientific approaches, is performed, As for geo-processing in GIS itself, this scheme can be regarded as extension or adaptiation of cell-based buffering or proximity analysis to geoscientific data interpretation. This study is based on rationale that surface geological pattern around primitives such as a point, a line, or a polygon in GIS, representing significant geological features, can be efficiently utilized to delineate complex geological behaviors or events, especially handling multiple dta sets originated from multiple sources such as airborne geophysical/radiometric exploration, field survey, and even a classified image of remote sensing. Conclusively, this methodology associated wit GIS is though to be helpful to analyze the spatial pattern of multiple data, pointing given sources, and is expected to effectively utilize for exploratory analysis of cell-based resultant layer integrated with complex or different data sources.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.47-67
• /
• 2014

Since the global financial crisis, criticism against the integrity of financial institutions proposed new financial regulations such as Basel III. These systems are expected to have impacts multilaterally on management and structure of mid- and long-term financial industry. It is also believed that financial institutions will inevitably review business model to respond to these enhanced regulations. The ongoing global financial regulation pursues regulation scope extension, introduction of global regulatory capital system, introduction of global liquidity, etc. As for quantitative index, Basel Committee on Banking Supervision is promoting QIS which is discussed mainly on implementation time from the juridical point of view. This study aims to present domestic banking industry's structural changes depending on regulation enhancement of foreign countries after global financial crisis, and suggest strategy that improves competitiveness of products. Looking at the research result, global financial regulation requires compliance with the regulations through treaties but it shows negative time center around banks. Furthermore, it is also pointed out financially advanced countries' passive attitude on regulation enhancement is problem. Therefore, regulations differentiated between developing and developed countries, dualistic regulations on financial industry, participation of advanced nations, etc are the postulation to change the structure of financial industry.