• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.81-81
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• 2017

The origin of wild corn (teosinte) is distributed in the Northwest coastal pacific area of Central America, including Mexico, which is a wetland area of 5 to 6 months per year. Depending on these climate characteristics, wild corn is genetically resistant to flooding condition. In order to evaluate the availability of flooding resistant genes of these wild corns, we examined the physiological responses after the flooding treatment in the early stages of the growth of various wild corns. The difference of chlorophyll content between flooding untreatment and flooding treatments (untreated chlorophyll content - humidified chlorophyll content) was the highest in chlorophyll content in the case of B73, the common corn. In the middle leaf, $\underline{Zea}$ mays subsp. Parviglumis, Zea mays subsp. Mexicana, Zea mays subsp., Zea perennis decreased significantly. In the lower leaves, Zea mays sub and Zea nicaraguensis showed the lowest content compared to B73. PCR analysis was performed using 34 primers divided into two groups, top and bottom. In the wild corn, pyruvate decarboxylase 2 in root and alcohol dehydrogenase 1 in shoot showed the difference in the reaction.

• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.129-138
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• 1998

Bovine growth hormone (bGH) gene was expressed in an insect Spodoptera frugiperda cell line using a Baculovirus, Hyphantria cunea nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HcNPV). The bGH gene in pbGH plasmid was sequenced and amplified by PCR technique with two primers containing NcoI sites. The bGH gene consisted of 654 bp (217 amino acid residues), the 5'-untranslated region of the cloned bGH cDNA contains 56 bp, and the 3'-untranslated region contains 145 bp and two pallindromic regions. The amplified bGH gene DNA fragment (654 bp) was inserted into the NcoI site of the pHcEVII vector, which was named pHcbGH. The pHcbGH transfer vector DNA and the wild type HcNPV DNA were cotransfected into S. frugiperda cells to construct a recombinant virus. Eight recombinant viruses were selected and named HcbGH. One clone, HcbGH-4-1 showed largest plaque size, therefore the recombinant virus was further studied. The multiplication pattern of the recombinant HcbGH-4-1 was similar to that of the wild type HcNPV. The bGH gene DNA in the HcbGH-4-1 recombinant was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization. The amount of the bGH (217 amino acid residues, 21 kDa) produced in S. frugiperda cells infected with the HcbGH-4-1 recombinant was approximately 5.5 ng per ml ($10^6$ cells) by radioimmunoassay.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.208-213
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• 2007

With the help of a development and popularization of microarray technology that enable to us to simultaneously investigate the expression pattern of thousands of genes, the toxicogenomics experimenters can interpret the genome-scale interaction between genes exposed in toxicant or toxicant-related environment. The ultimate and primary goal of toxicogenomics identifies functional context among the group of genes that are differentially or similarly coexpressed under the specific toxic substance. On the other side, public reference databases with transcriptom, proteom, and biological pathway information are needed for the analysis of these complex omics data. However, due to the heterogeneous and independent nature of these databases, it is hard to individually analyze a large omics annotations and their pathway information. Fortunately, several web sites of the public database provide information linked to other. Nevertheless it involves not only approriate information but also unnecessary information to users. Therefore, the systematically integrated database that is suitable to a demand of experimenters is needed. For these reasons, we propose SOP (Search of Omics Pathway) database system which is constructed as the integrated biological database converting heterogeneous feature of public databases into combined feature. In addition, SOP offers user-friendly web interfaces which enable users to submit gene queries for biological interpretation of gene lists derived from omics experiments. Outputs of SOP web interface are supported as the omics annotation table and the visualized pathway maps of KEGG PATHWAY database. We believe that SOP will appear as a helpful tool to perform biological interpretation of genes or proteins traced to omics experiments, lead to new discoveries from their pathway analysis, and design new hypothesis for a next toxicogenomics experiments.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.11-26
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• 2018

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to review the effects of exercise intervention on blood glucose control in obese type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: The PubMed and KERISS search engines were used and 61 papers that met the key questions were selected. RESULTS: Exercise is an effective intervention for the control of blood glucose in type 2 diabetic patients because it does not impair glucose transport in the skeletal muscle induced by muscle contractions. Insulin resistance, which is characteristic of type 2 diabetes, is caused by decreased insulin sensitivity or insulin responsiveness. Acute exercise improves the glucose metabolism by increasing the insulin-independent signaling pathways and insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle, and regular long-term exercise improves the skeletal muscle insulin responsiveness and systemic glucose metabolism by increasing the mitochondrial and GLUT4 protein expression in the skeletal muscle. CONCLUSION: The improvement of the glucose metabolism through exercise shows a dose-response pattern, and if exercise consumes the same number of calories, high intensity exercise will be more effective for the glucose metabolism. On the other hand, it is practically difficult for a patient with obese type 2 diabetes to control their blood glucose with high intensity or long-term exercise. Therefore, it will be necessary to study safe adjuvants (cinnamic acid, lithium) that can produce similar effects to high-intensity and high-volume exercises in low-intensity and low-volume exercises.

• 전자공학회논문지S
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• 제36S권12호
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• pp.10-19
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• 1999

셀룰라 오토마타 신경망(CANS)은 생물학적 발생과 진화에 기반한 신경망 모델이다. CANS에서 각 뉴런은 상호간에 국소적인 연결을 갖고 있으며 카오스 뉴런 모델의 동작 방정식에 따라 펄스의 형태로 동작한다. 신경망은 초기 패턴을 셀룰라 오토마타(CA) 규칙에 따라 발생시켜 얻어진다. 기존의 연구에서는 유용한 기능을 얻기 위하여 초기패턴을 진화시켰다. 그러나 이 방법은 신경망의 표현공간을 모두 나타낼 수 없다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 신경망의 표현공간이 작아지는 문제점을 개선하기 위한 CA의 발생규칙을 진화시키는 방법을 제안한다. DNA 코딩은 코딩의 중복과 여분을 효과적으로 사용하며 규칙의 표현에 매우 적합하다. 본 논문에서는 CA 규칙의 일반적인 표현방법을 제시하고 DNA 코드를 CA 규칙으로 해석하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 자율이동로봇의 제어기에 사용하여 주행 문제에 적용함으로써 그 유효성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제37권sup2호
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• pp.371-384
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• 2007

연구 목적 : 면역 반응에서 B-1 세포의 정확한 역할은 아직 명확히 규명되지 않았으나 최근 B-1 세포가 면역의 내성을 야기하고 유지하는데 필요한 특성들을 가지고 있음이 밝혀지고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 B-1 세포 유래 단클론 항체의 특성과 항원 자극에 대한 B 세포의 동시자극자 (MHC Class, B7-2, 7-2) 발현을 평가하여 B 세포의 면역조절 기능을 알아보고자 한다. 연구 대상 및 방법 : B-1 세포 유래 단클론 항체를 형성하는 잡종세포주를 이용하여 다양한 내, 외인성 항원에 대한 단클론 항체의 반응 양상을 평가하였다. 여러 내, 외인성 항원으로 면역한 쥐의 복강과 비장 B 세포의 동시자극자의 발현을 Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS)을 이용하여 평가하였다. 결과 : 최종적으로 단클론을 형성하는 2개의 클론을 형성하였고, 이 B-1 세포 유래 단클론 항체는 dose-saturable pattern을 띄는 다중 반응성을 나타내었다. FACS를 이용한 동시자극자의 발현 검사에서는 MHC 발현은 복강과 비장의 B 세포가 유사하였으나, B7-1과 7-2는 복강의 B 세포에서 더 뚜렷한 발현을 보여주었다. 결론 : B-1 세포 유래 단클론 항체는 다양한 내, 외인성 항원 자극에 대해 dose-saturable한 다중반응성을 나타낸다. 복강과 비장의 B세포는 내, 외인성 항원의 면역에 있어서 동시자극자 발현이 명확히 다른 양상을 나타냄을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.297-306
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• 2004

Mehndi, becoming a kind of body fashion in western advanced countries nowadays, is a exquisite, classical fashion form sublimated to traditional faith, medicine and designing art. As one of the cultural arts, especially transmitted by women, a individual tradition of the way how to do the mehndi and the design has been handed down from one culture to another over a thousand of years and it is extensively using in many area, all around world today. Mehndi was used as preparing for special events or celebrations in India, Africa, Central Asia in order to pray for happiness, good luck and calm hart 5000 years ago. Especially, it is concerned with romantic love or a wedding and takes important part of a traditional wedding reception and bride adorning in the culture of Hindu or Islam. In addition to adorning skin, mehndi has various symbols, meaning, function, that is, as a speechless language, in several cultures, it has common meaning such as attraction, protection, celebration. The design of mehndi has been in harmony with the figure, colors, skin types of the dress or the ornament. According to the region, religion, design, mehndi is divided into the design of India and Morocco mostly. Indian design mainly shows flowers and paisley pattern, people widely recognize this design to celebrate and adorn bride in wedding ceremony, still apply mehndi the present time. Moroccan mehndi design, representing North Africa, characterized a bold geometrical figure which stands for belief in living under the protection from supernatural power. Through the understanding of these various meaning, function, symbolism of the design, adorning their body, the current general public use mehndi as not only aesthetic means but also another self expression.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.789-793
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• 2012

Fertilization of the oocyte commences embryogenesis during which maternally inherited mRNAs are degraded and the embryonic genome is activated. Transcription of embryonic mRNA is initiated by embryonic genome activation (EGA). RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) is responsible for the synthesis of mRNAs and most small nuclear RNAs, and consists of 12 subunits, the largest of which characteristically harbors a unique C-terminal domain (CTD). Transcriptional activity of RNA Pol II is highly regulated, in particular, by phosphorylation of serine residues in the CTD. Here, we have shown the presence of RNA Pol II CTD phosphoisoforms in porcine oocytes and preimplantation embryos. The distribution pattern as well as phosphorylation dynamics in germinal vesicles and during embryogenesis differed in developmental stages with these isoforms, indicating a role of RNA Pol II CTD phosphorylation at the serine residue in transcriptional activation during both oocyte growth and embryonic genome activation. We additionally examined the effects of the RNA Pol II inhibitor, ${\alpha}$-amanitin, on embryo development. Our results show that inhibition of polymerase, even at very early stages and for a short period of time, dramatically impaired blastocyst formation. These findings collectively suggest that the functionality of maternal RNA Pol II, and consequently, expression of early genes regulated by this enzyme are essential for proper embryo development.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.572-580
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• 2020

최근 출시된 AI스피커들은 사용자와의 인터랙션에 있어 주로 음성으로 상호작용하면서 상태 표시LED를 통해 단순하고 정형화된 시각 피드백을 하는 패턴을 보이고 있다. 이는 스피커라는 제품 특성상 인터랙션의 제약이 많기 때문이기도 하지만 이러한 시각적 피드백마저 제품마다 통일되어 있지 않아 사용자에게 일관된 경험을 주지 못하고 있는 상황이다. LED 표시등으로 표현할 수 있는 시각 요소를 극대화하여 색과 추상적 움직임을 통해 음성 피드백을 보조한다면 사용자에게 기능성의 충족을 넘어 감성적 만족까지 포함하는 확장된 사용 경험을 제공할 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 기존 AI스피커들의 인터랙션 방식 분석 후, 시각 피드백 효과 확장을 위해 색채 커뮤니케이션 이론에 대해 고찰하고, 색채만으로 감성적 경험을 극대화한 미술 장르인 색면추상의 의미와 표현 기법을 조사하였다. 이를 통해 LED를 이용하여 커뮤니케이션 상태를 피드백하는 방식을 디자인함으로써 AI스피커의 시각 커뮤니케이션 기능성을 확장하고자 하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.530-543
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• 2006

Adeonoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of salivary glands. It is characterized by a relentless regrowth especially around nerve tissues and a high rate of hematogenous distant metastasis. Clinically most deaths from salivary ACC are caused by delayed lung metastases that are resistant to conventional chemotherapy. So, knowledge of cellular and molecular properties that influence the dissemination of metastatic tumor cells, is important for new treatment strategies of metastatic lesions. We determined expressions of angiogenic signaling molecules microvessel density (MVD) using surgical specimens of human salivary ACC. Protein expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-2, activated VEGFR-2, and human CD31 were assessed in 20 cases of salivary ACC by immunohistochemical staining. Most of the tumors, especially ACC with a tubulocribriform pattern, were positive for antibodies of VEGF, VEGFR-2, and activated VEGFR-2. The overall percentages of the 20 specimens expressing VEGF, VEGFR-2, activated VEGFR-2 were 90, 95, and 95%, respectively. Immunoreactivities of the biomarkers in salivary ACC were higher than those in normal salivary gland. Furthermore, immune-related cells as well as tumor cells expressed VEGF/VEGFR-2. Microvessel density of salivary ACC was higher than that of normal salivary gland (P<0.05). Taken together, angiogenic signaling molecules are actively expressed in salivary ACC. And we suggest that these molecules may have critical role in the hematogenous spread of salivay ACC, which has a propensity for delayed lung metastasis. Therefore, these biomarkers can be molecular targets for therapy of metastasis of salivary ACC.