• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.80-92
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• 2015

건설현장 주변지역 주민의 호흡기 증상과 질환 유병률은 대조지역에 비해 높았다. 양적인 결과는 지역의 노출과 질환 상황에 대한 질적인 탐색에 의해 뒷받침되었다. 이는 건설현장 주변 분진이 지역 주민들의 호흡기 관련 증상 및 질환에 영향이 미쳤을 가능성을 시사하는 것이다. 향후 본 연구의 탐색적 결과를 토대로 알레르기 및 호흡기 질환에 대한 추가 조사가 필요하며, 미세먼지 저감 등 환경관리 노력이 강화되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2018

This study carried out first a component survey on the domestic waste shipped into a waste disposal facility in B city, and then heavy metal analysis of each component according to the SRF standards. Based on this, this study explored the problems with domestic waste and measures to improve them. The results are as follows. The result of the survey of physical components show that paper accounted for the largest proportion with 20.5 %~59.9 %, metals (including batteries) among incombustibles accounted for 0.0~8.3 %, other inorganic substances, glass and ceramics accounted for 0.0~43.7 % and 0.0 %~19.6 % respectively. However, the proportion of coated viny and plastics, which have high lead and cadmium content, was rather high with 2.9 %~30.9 %. This suggests the possibility that actual concentration of lead and cadmium within SRF is likely to be higher. Among the 15 components contained in the waste brought into the waste disposal facility, 10 components (food waste, textiles, vinyl, plastics, wood, rubber and leather, paper, metals, electronic substrates, and nail polish) were analyzed according to assay samples (approximately 0.1 g and 0.3 g). The result of analysis shows that the amount of Cd and Pb detected in coated vinyl for 0.109 g of assay sample was 98.6 mg/kg and 20.6 mg/kg respectively; 117.0 mg/kg and 29.0 mg/kg respectively for 0.313 g of assay sample. This is high contents exceeding the Cd standard. As for wooden component, the amount of Pb was 480.0 mg/kg for 0.3 g of assay sample. This suggests that there always exists the possibility of exceeding the exposure level of heavy metals (Cd and Pb) in SRF as long as coated wood and vinyl plastics with high contents of Pb and Cd are shipped into the waste disposal facility; and the local government and the residents need to work hard to improve the situation including development of the machine to sort electronic substrates and batteries for separate collection of the waste of coated vinyl and plastics within domestic waste.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.817-823
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• 1999

연구배경: 전북지역은 최근에 도시화와 공업화가 이루어 진 곳으로서 생활환경 변화에 따라 알레르기 환자에서 원인 알레르겐의 종류나 감작률에 있어서도 변화가 있으리라 여겨진다. 방 법: 1984년 2월부터 1985년 2월 사이와 1997년 2월부터 1998년 2월 사이에 전북대 병원 알레르기 내과를 방문한 알레르기 환자 201명과 339명을 대상으로 피부단자시험과 RAST를 실시하여 원인 알레르겐의 변화 추세를 비교 분석하여 보았다. 결 과: 한가지 이상의 항원에 양성을 보인 환자는 전체 대상 환자중 149명(74.2%)과 257명(75.8%)으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(p=0.664). 항원의 종류에 따른 감작률의 비교에서 1) 꽃가루군에 대해서는 차이가 없었다(35.8% vs 30.1 %, p=0.17). 2) 집먼지 진드기군에 대한 감작률의 감소가 있었다(66.1% vs 56.3%, p=0.02). 3) 곰팡이군, 동물털 및 비듬군에 대한 감작률은 감소하였다(p<0.001). 결 론: 위생상태의 개선에 따라 이와 관련있는 알레르겐의 감작률이 감소됨을 알 수 있었는데, 이에 대한 더욱 넓은 지역에서의 연구가 필요하리라 사료된다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.175-183
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• 2012

Objectives: This study developed a harmonized method for risk assessment based on the Hazard & Risk Evaluation of Chemicals (HREC) according to the Industrial Safety and Health Act (ISHA). Methods: Three preliminary studies, performed during 2010 and 2011 by the Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute and three academic research groups, were compared. The differences in risk assessment, especially in the dose-response assessment method, were analyzed. A new harmonized method for dose-response assessment was suggested and its applicability for the HREC was examined. Results: Considering the various steps of each dose-response assessment, the equivalent steps in quantitative correction, uncertainty factor 2 (UF2) for intra-species uncertainty, and UF3 for the experimental period in the uncertainty correction were relatively high. Using our new method, the total correction values (quantitative correction plus uncertainty correction) ranged from 72~15,789 to 30~60, and the ratio of the threshold limit value (TLV) to the reference concentration decreased from 12.8~1900 to 5.4~11.8. Furthermore, when we performed risk characterization by our new method, hazard quotient (HQ) values for chloroethylene, epichlorohydrin, and barium sulfate became 3.0, 14.1, and 1.13 respectively, whereas three previous studies reported HQ values of 7.1, 4580, and 87.3 considering reasonable maximum exposure (RME) conditions. HQs of the three chemicals were calculated to be 0.6, 2.4, and 0.1 respectively, when compared to their TLVs. Conclusions: Our new method could be applicable for the HREC because the total correction values and the ratio of TLVs were within reasonable ranges. It is also recommended that additional risk management measures be applied for epichlorohydrin, for which the HQ values were greater than 1 when compared with both reference values and the TLV. Our proposed method could be used to harmonize dose-response assessment methods for the implementation of risk assessment based on the HREC according to ISHA.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2007

Objectives : Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) is the major component in commercial liquid epoxy resins, which are manufactured by co-reacting bisphenol A with epichlorohydrin. This study was performed to show the developmental effects of prenatal and postnatal exposures to BADGE in male rat offspring. Methods : Mated female rats were divided into four groups, each containing 12 rats. The dosing solutions were prepared by thoroughly mixing BADGE in corn oil at the 0, 375, 1500 and 3000 mg/kg/day concentrations. Mated females were dosed once daily by oral gavage on gestation day (GD) 6 - 20 and postnatal day (PND) 0 - 21. Pregnant female dams were observed general symptoms and body weight. Also, male pups were observed the general symptoms, body weight, developmental parameters (e.g. anogenital distance, pina detachment, incisor eruption, nipple retention, eye opening, testis descent), organ pathologic changes and hormone levels of plasma. Results : Pregnant rats treated with BADGE died at a rate of about 70% in the 1500 mg/kg/day group and all rats treated with 3000 mg/kg/day died. Body weight, for male pups treated with doses of 375 mg/kg/day, was significantly lower than in the control group at PND 42, 56, and 63 (p<0.05). Evaluation of body characteristics including; separation of auricle, eruption of incisor, separation of eyelid, nipple retention, descent of testis, and separation of the prepuce in the BADGE treated group showed no difference in comparisons with the control group. AGD and adjusted AGD (mm/kg) for general developmental items in BADGE 375 mg/kg/day treated pups tended to be longer than in controls, however, these differences were not statistically significant. Relative weights of adrenal gland, lung (p<0.05), brain, epididymis, prostate, and testis (p<0.01) were heavier than in control in measures at PND 9 weeks. There were no significant changes in comparisons of histological findings of these organs. Loss of spermatids was observed in the seminiferous tubule at PND 9 weeks, but no weight changes were observed. The plasma estrogen levels were similar in the control and treatment groups at PND 3, 6 and 9 weeks. The plasma testosterone levels in the control group tended to increase with age. However, in the BADGE 375 mg/kg/day treated male pups it did not tend to increase. Conclusions : These findings suggest that BADGE is a chemical that has developmental effects consistent with it being an endocrine disruptor.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.1776-1788
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• 2019

Objective: The demands for measures to improve disease resistance and productivity of livestock are increasing, as most countries prohibit the addition of antibiotics to feed. This study therefore aimed to uncover functional feed additives to help enhance livestock immunity and disease resistance, using Acanthopanax sessiliflorus fruit extract (ASF). Methods: ASF was extracted with 70% EtOH, and total polyphenolic and catechin contents were measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu and vanillin assay, respectively. The 3D4/31 porcine macrophage cells ($M{\Phi}$) were activated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and cell survival and growth rate were measured with or without ASF treatment. Flow-cytometric analysis determined the lysosomal activity, reactive oxygen species levels (ROS), and cell cycle distribution. Nuclear factor kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) protein expression levels were quantified by western blotting and densitometry analysis. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was applied to measure the lipid metabolism-related genes expression level. Lastly, the antibacterial activity of 3D4/31 $M{\Phi}$ cells was evaluated by the colony forming unit assay. Results: ASF upregulated the cell viability and growth rate of 3D4/31 $M{\Phi}$, with or without PMA activation. Moreover, lysosomal activity and intracellular ROS levels were increased after ASF exposure. In addition, the antioxidant enzyme SOD2 expression levels were proportionately increased with ROS levels. Both ASF and PMA treatment resulted in upregulation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ protein, tumor necrosis factor $(TNF){\alpha}$ mRNA expression levels, lipid synthesis, and fatty acid oxidation metabolism. Interestingly, co-treatment of ASF with PMA resulted in recovery of $NF-{\kappa}B$, $TNF{\alpha}$, and lipid metabolism levels. Finally, ASF pretreatment enhanced the in vitro bactericidal activity of 3D4/31 $M{\Phi}$ against Escherichia coli. Conclusion: This study provides a novel insight into the regulation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity and lipid metabolism in $M{\Phi}$, and we anticipate that ASF has the potential to be effective as a feed additive to enhance livestock immunity.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.139-145
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• 1987

무우, 배추, 토마토, 오이의 영양생장기(營養生長期)에 가스접촉(接觸) 실내(室內)에서 Ammonia가스를 (0.05, 0.10, $0.2mg/{\ell}$ 농도(濃度)) 주간(晝間)과 야간(夜間)에 각각(各各) 2시간(時間)씩 접촉(接觸)하여 잎의 피해엽율(被害葉率), 엽록소함량변화(葉綠素含量變化), 질소함량변화등(窒素含量變化等)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 가. Ammonia가스의 엽피해(葉被害)는 토마토가 가장 심(甚)하고 오이가 가장 경미(輕微)하며 주간(晝間)이 야간(夜間)보다 심(甚)하고 질소(窒素) 및 가리증시(加里增施)로 경감(輕減)하였다. 나. 토양수분(土壤水分)이 많을수록 가스피해(被害)가 심(甚)하고 그늘과 야간(夜間)에서 피해(被害)가 경미(輕微)하였다. 다. 엽록소함량(葉綠素含量)은 가스농도(濃度)가 높을수록 많이 감소(減少)되었고, 야간접촉(夜間接觸)에서 감소(減少)가 적었다. 라. 엽중(葉中) 질소함량(窒素含量)은 가스농도(濃度)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 증가(增加)되었고 주간(晝間)과 야간접촉(夜間接觸)이 유사(類似)하였다. 마. 엽중질소함량(葉中窒素含量)의 증가량(增加量)과 엽피해율(葉被害率)과는 고도(高度)의 정(正)의 상관(相關)이 있었다. 사. 엽피해율(葉被害率)이 큰 토마토가 가스 흡수량(吸收量)이 많았고 엽피해율(葉被害率)이 적은 오이는 가스 흡수량(吸收量)이 적었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.398-409
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• 2021

Background: The types and effects of hazardous pollutants in indoor air may vary depending on the characteristics of the sources and pollutants caused by physical and chemical properties of buildings, the influence of outdoor air, and the exposure and use characteristics of residents. Objectives: This study was conducted to provide basic data on the establish of indoor air quality management for different classes of public-use facilities by presenting the characteristics of concentration distribution of hazardous pollutants by different public-use facilities and the status of the excess proportion of exceeding standards. Methods: This study analyzed self-measurement data from public-use facilities taken from 2017 to 2019 A total of 133,525 facilities were surveyed. A total of 10 types of pollutants that have maintenance and recommended standards stipulated in the Indoor Air Quality Control Act from the Ministry of Environment were investigated. The excess proportion and the substances exceeding the criteria for each type of public-use facilities for these pollutants were investigated. Results: As a result of the analysis of the proportion of exceeding the standard for each type of public-use facility, the facilities with the highest excess proportion of the standards for each hazardous pollutant were: PM₁₀ in railway stations (8.93%), PM_2.5 in daycare centers (7.36%), CO₂ in bus terminals (2.37%), HCHO in postpartum care centers (4.11%), total airborne bacteria in daycare centers (0.69%), CO in museums (0.1%), NO₂ in postpartum care centers (1.15%), Rn in museums (0.78%), total volatile organic compounds in postpartum care centers (7.20%) and mold in daycare centers (1.44%). Conclusions: Although uncertainty may arise because this study is a result of self-measurement, it is considered that this study has significance for providing basic data on the establishment in the future of indoor air quality management measures customized for each type of public-use facility.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.167-180
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• 2021

IT기술의 발전과 감염증 확산 등으로 인해 온라인상에서 비대면 서비스가 급속하게 확대하고 있다. 특히 정보전달 과정도 과거 우편 지류 기반에서 모바일 기기를 사용한 정보전달 체계로 변화하고 있다. 이러한 변화는 전화선을 이용한 정보전달이 인터넷을 이용한 정보전달 체계 변화에 따른 것이다. 전통적인 PC기반의 정보처리가 모바일 및 스마트기기 기반의 정보처리로 변화함에 따라 정보를 전달하는 방식도 변화하고 있다. 그 대표적인 것이 모바일 전자고지서비스이다. 사용자가 가지고 있는 모바일 기기에 전자고지문을 발송하여 정보를 전달하고 송달에 대한 유효성을 입증받는 서비스로써 우편 고지문의 제작 비용, 개인정보 노출, 오배송 등으로 인한 피해를 줄일 수 있는 이점을 가지고 있다. 그러나 사용자를 명확하게 식별하고 인식하는 과정이 추가적으로 요구됨으로써 모바일 전자고지서비스를 제공하는 사업자들에게 사용자에 대한 식별정보를 제공하는 과정이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 2019년부터 시행하고 있는 모바일 전자고지서비스의 사용실태를 조사·분석하여 현행 모바일 전자고지서비스의 안전한 제공과 사용자의 개인정보에 대한 안전한 보호조치를 취할 수 있는 방안을 마련하고자 한다. 사용자에게 모바일 전자고지서비스 제공에 있어 발송기관이 요구하는 서비스의 기준을 파악하고 이를 근거로 발송기관이 준수해야 할 모바일 전자고지서비스의 기술기준안을 사전에 마련하여 서비스 활성화에 기여할 수 있다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.56-68
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• 2019

설계안전성검토 제도 도입으로 현장공사수행 시 안전을 고려한 설계를 도입해야하나 실제 현장에서 설계안전성검토를 적용하여 수행하기에는 아직 미흡한 점이 많다. 본 연구에서는 설계안전성검토를 적용하지 않은 현장과 적용을 한 현장을 비교연구하였다. 적용공종은 건축물공사의 뼈대에 해당되는 골조공사 중 지하외벽공사에 대하여 연구하였다. 지하외벽 공사는 대부분 작업 조건이 외부 환경에 노출되어 작업조건이 열악하고 작업단계도 비계공사, 거푸집공사, 철근공사, 콘크리트타설공사 등을 거쳐야 완성되므로 안전사고 위험요소가 매우 높은 공종이다. 이에 각단계별 위험요소를 도출하고 위험성평가를 실시하여 이를 저감하기 위한 대안공법을 선정하였다. 대안으로 선정된 공법의 위험요소를 도출하고 위험성평가를 실시하여 설계안전성검토 미적용현장과 적용현장을 비교하여 위험성평가 가중치를 산출하고 저감효과를 연구하여 설계안전성검토가 필요한 사유를 설명하였다. 또한, 대안으로 수립된 공법을 실제 적용한 사례를 연구하여설계안전성검토 필요성을 제시하였다.