• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.35-54
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• 2020

Purpose - It seems common sense that corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a key driver of business sustainability. Nevertheless, there has been little research on the performance of socially responsible activities, including economic and environmentally responsibility activities, in internationally diversified firms. Design/methodology - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of CSR activities on management performance. For this evaluation, an empirical analysis was conducted with total of 2,520 cases, selected from companies listed on the Korea Composite Stock Price Index market for six years from 2013 to 2018. As proxies for management performance, financial data such as a total asset net profit ratio and a total asset operating ratio were used. A multivariate regression analysis was conducted to test hypotheses. Findings - The results of this analysis indicated that firms in the CSR outstanding group were ranked significantly higher than other groups in management performance. In addition, CSR activities of internationally diversified firms positively influenced the total asset net profit ratio and total asset operating ratio. Originality/value - The results suggest that the CSR activities of these firms can play a significant role in enhancing management performance in the economic status of Korea, where the degree of export dependency is high.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.41-65
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• 2009

국제산업연관표를 사용하여 한일 양국간 관세가 철폐될 경우 양국의 산업 생산에 미치는 효과를 추산하였다. 양국간 관세가 철폐될 경우 한국의 대일본 중간재 의존도가 크기 때문에 한국의 대일본 수입증가로 대일본 무역수지 적자규모 또한 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 그러나 한국은 일본의 중간재에 기반한 대세계 최종재 수출이 증가할 것으로 예상된바, 대일본 무역수지 적자가 상쇄되어 한국의 전체 무역수지는 개선될 것으로 추산된다. 이러한 연구결과는 한일 양국간 FTA 체결에 따른 일반연산균형(CGE)모형에 의한 수출입 효과추정 결과와 유사하다. 한편 국제산업연관표에 의한 산업별 추산효과를 활용할 경우 동아시아 지역에서 한국정부의 정책결정 - FTA, 산업별 협력 등에 많은 도움이 될 것이다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.251-265
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• 2021

It seems a common sense that corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a key driver to attain business sustainability. Nevertheless, there has been little research on the performance of socially responsible activities, including economic and environmental responsibility activities in internationally diversified firms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of CSR activities on management performance. For this evaluation, an empirical analysis was conducted with a total of 2,520 cases, selected from companies listed on the Korea Composite Stock Price Index market for six years from 2013 to 2018. As proxies for management performance, financial date such as a total asset net profit ratio and a total asset-operating ratio were used. A multivariate regression analysis was conducted to test hypotheses. The results of this analysis indicated that firms in the CSR outstanding group are significantly higher than other groups in management performances. In addition, CSR activities of internationally diversified firms positively influence their total asset net profit ratio and total asset-operating ratio. The results suggested that CSR activities of these firms can play a significant role in enhancing management performances amid the economic status of Korea, where a degree of export dependency is high.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.475-491
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• 2022

Purpose - This study analyzed the correlation and effect of FTA environmental factors (company internal environmental factors, corporate external environmental factors) between FTA utilization and performance of Shandong companies in China. Design/methodology/approach - To test the hypothesis, SPSS 24.0 statistical packages were used based on the collected data. Findings - First, it was confirmed that internal environmental factors (international marketing orientation, corporate competitiveness, and corporate awareness of FTA) of companies had a positive(+) effect on FTA utilization. Second, The government's support for FTA utilization will have a significant positive (+) effect on companies' FTA utilization.Non-tariff barriers will have a negative (-) effect on companies' use of FTA. Third, A company's FTA utilization will have a significant positive effect on FTA performance. Research implications or Originality - If Shandong companies want to increase the utilization of FTAs, they should strengthen international marketing, such as collecting information on competitors and improving product quality and price competitiveness, and increase corporate competitiveness through active export activities to the global market.In order to increase the awareness of FTA among enterprises in Shandong Province, the government should strengthen the relevant education of enterprises about FTA.

• 수완나부미
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.255-275
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• 2023

Trade between South Korea and Malaysia has been steadily increasing since the conclusion of the multilateral Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and South Korea. Bilateral FTAs such as Singapore-South Korea, Vietnam-South Korea, and Indonesia-South Korea came into effect to enhance the economic cooperation between South Korea and major ASEAN countries. However, the bilateral FTA between South Korea and Malaysia, known as Republic of Korea-Malaysia FTA, is still under negotiation. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the economic impact of a possible FTA between these two countries. To examine the economic effects of bilateral FTAs, this study analyzes the trade structure and change in the value of trade between Malaysia and South Korea using panel data analysis. Two significant findings were identified by the analysis. First, the Republic of Korea-Malaysia FTA is expected to promote trade and have a positive effect on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of South Korea. Second, the result of the calculated price elasticity based on substituting figures such as tariff, demand elasticity, and export value is that the value of manufacturing exports is expected to considerably get an increase. Therefore, an early FTA between South Korea and Malaysia would be beneficial for both national economies.

• 무역학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.355-375
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• 2022

In this study, LCA based on EU PAS 2050 and Product Category Rules (PCR) was conducted for steel products with the highest proportion of Korea's exports to the EU among the carbon border adjustment items that were passed by the EU Parliament in June and applied to imports from 2025. Carbon emissions were calculated by (ISO 14040) analysis. As a result of the analysis, the total emission is 394,000 tons, and when converted to the EU ETS weekly price, it is 39,000.000 euros, which is about 5% of the export amount of 734 million dollars. This is the same effect as a 5% tariff increase. This study applies international standards in calculating the carbon footprint and provides information that is closest to the expected amount to be imposed in the future EU CBAM, providing the effect of enabling exporters to establish trade strategies and international competitiveness measures in advance.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2005

대구지역에 위치한 200개 안경테제조업체를 대상으로 산업경쟁력을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 대구 안경테산업은 2005년에 더욱 악화될 것으로 조사되었는데, 수출은 조사업체의 79%가, 내수는 58%가 더욱 악화될 것으로 전망했다. 2. 2004년도 수출채산성은 2002년 대비 16.5% 감소하였고, 2005년도 원화환율하락과 수출단가하락, 원 부자재 가격상승 등의 영향으로 지난해보다 5%정도 감소할 것으로 분석되었다. 3. 대구 안경테산업체의 가장 큰 경쟁국은 중국이며, 다음으로 일본, 이태리, 홍콩 등의 순으로 조사되었다. 4. 지난 3년간(2002~2004) 제품의 평균 가격은 우리나라를 100으로 했을 때, 중국 82, 홍콩 92, 이태리 112, 일본 114 포인트 수준으로 조사되어 중국과 홍콩에 비해 불리하고 이태리와 일본에 비해 유리한 것으로 나타났다. 5. 지난 3년간 평균 생산비는 우리나라를 100으로 했을 때, 중국 78, 홍콩 89, 이태리 114, 일본 122 포인트 수준으로 조사되어 중국과 홍콩에 비해 불리하고 이태리와 일본에 비해 유리한 것으로 나타났다. 6. 지난 3년간 평균 인건비는 우리나라를 100으로 했을 때, 중국 74, 홍콩 98, 일본 112, 이태리 113 포인트 수준으로 조사되어 중국에 비해 매우 불리하고 일본과 이태리에 비해 유리한 것으로 나타났다. 7. 기술, 품질, 디자인 수준은 우리나라가 중국에 비해 유리하고, 홍콩과는 대등하며, 일본과 이태리에 비해서는 취약한 것으로 나타났다. 8. 조사 대상업체들이 판단하는 주요경쟁국와의 기술격차는 선진국에 비해 4~5년 뒤지고, 후진국 보다는 1~4년 앞서는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.413-440
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• 2010

2000년 이후 국제유가의 불안정성으로 인한 에너지 자원 확보의 중요성이 강조되면서 에너지 자원의 대안 시장으로 카스피해 연안국가들에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있다. 특히 아제르바이잔은 중앙아시아 신흥석유 수출국으로서 해외자본의 유입, BTC 송유관 개통 등으로 인해 급속한 경제성장을 이루었다. 그러나 높은 경제성장에도 불구하고 경제구조가 에너지 산업에 집중되는 등 경제구조의 불균형을 보이고 있으며, 최근 실질환율 상승의 압박 및 인플레이션이 가속화되고 있다. 아제르바이잔 경제의 지속가능성을 파악하기 위해 본 연구에서는 분석대상기간을 2001년 1월부터 2007년 12월까지의 전체 표본기간, BTC 개통을 기점으로 BTC 개통 이전과 이후의 기간 등 세 단계로 구분하였으며, 벡터오차수정모형을 이용하여 분석을 시도하였다. 실증분석 결과, 아제르바이잔은 분석기간 동안 경기침체 증상을 보였으며, 이는 고유가의 영향과 BTC 송유관 개통으로 인한 수출의 급증이 아제르바이잔 실질환율을 하락(평가절상)시키는 주원인임을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 장기적인 경제발전의 기반이 될 제조업의 경쟁력에 부정적 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.105-114
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• 2013

우리나라의 해외투자는 현지 자본시장에 투자하는 방법에서, 현지에 회사를 설립하여 운용하는 해외직접투자로 바뀌고 있다. 해외직접투자는 다양한 동기에서 이루어지며, 신 재생에너지 사업에 대한 해외직접투자 또한 다양한 각도에서 검토되고 있다. 국내 기업은 해외의 신 재생에너지 사업에 대한 진출을 통하여 장비의 수출, 건설공사 수주, 프로젝트 관리기술의 습득 및 시장선점의 효과를 누릴 수 있다. 또한, 투자수익을 향유할 수도 있다. 이러한 이유에서 신 재생에너지 사업 중 시장규모가 가장 큰 풍력발전을 대상으로 중국, 미국, 독일, 영국 등 해외 4개 국가의 풍력발전사업에 투자한다고 가정하여 각 국가의 전력단가, 인플레이션율, 법인세율, 부채조달이자율 등이 수익률에 미치는 영향을 비교분석하였다. 분석 결과, 전력판매단가가 가장 높은 독일의 경우가 수익률이 가장 높았으며, 개별적인 요인 중 각 국가의 전력판매단가와 부채이자율이 수익률에 중요한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석방법이 향후 풍력발전사업에 대한 해외 직접투자시 적절한 투자의 사결정을 하는데 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제42권
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• pp.133-160
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• 2009

In International trade the buyer and seller are normally separated from on another not only by distance but also by differences in language and culture. It is rarely possible for the performance of obligations to be simultaneous and the performance of contracts therefore calls for trust in a situation in which the parties are unlikely to feel able to trust each other unless they have a longstanding and successful relationship. Thus the seller under an international contract of sale will not wish to surrender documents of title to goods to the buyer until he has at least an assurance of payment, and no buyer will wish to pay for goods until he has received them. A gap of distrust thus exists which is often bridged by the undertaking of an intermediary known and trusted by both parties who will undertake on his own liability to pay the seller the contract price in return for the documents of title and then pass the documents to the buyer in return for the reimbursement. This is a common explanation of the theory behind the documentary letter of credit in which the undertaking of a bank of international repute serves as a "guarantee" to each party that the other will perform his obligations. The independence principle, also referred to as the "autonomy principle", is at the core of letter of credit or bank guarantee law. This principle provides that the letter of credit or bank guarantee is independent of the underlying contractual commitment - that is, the transaction that the credit is intented to secure - between the applicant and the beneficiary ; the credit is also independent of the relationship between the bank and its customer, the applicant. The most important exception to the independence principle is the doctrine of fraud in the transaction. A strict interpretation of the rule that the guarantee is independent of the underlying transaction would lead to the conclusion that neither fraud nor manifest abuse of rights by the beneficiary would constitute an objection to payment. There is one major problem related to "Independent guarantees", namely abusive or unfair callings. The beneficiary may make an unfair calling under the guarantee. The countermeasure of beneficiary's unfair calling divided three cases. First, advance countermeasure namely by contract. In other words, when the formation of the contract, the parties must insert the Force Majeure Clause, Arbitration Clause to Contract, and clear statement to the condition for demand calling. Second, post countermeasure namely by court. Many countries, including the United States, authorize the courts to grant an order enjoining the issuer from paying or enjoining the beneficiary from receiving payment under the guaranty letter. Third, Export Insurance. For example, the Export Credit Guarantees Department is prepared, subject to certain conditions, to cover the risk of unfair calling. Of course, KEIC in Korea is cover the risk of the all things for guarantees. On international projects, contractor performance is usually guaranteed by either a standby letters of credit or Independent guarantee. These instruments will be care the parties.