• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2017

This paper analyzes empirically how the three main industries (petrochemical industry, shipbuilding industry, automobile industry) that are driving the growth of Ulsan region in 2005~2013 have grown by what factors. For this purpose, we investigate the structural changes of the three main industries by using regional input-output tables announced by the Bank of Korea and examine the growth contribution rate of each industry that is divided into domestic final demand, export demand, import substitution for final goods, import substitution for intermediate goods and technological change, respectively. The growth rate of gross output and aggregate demand in petrochemical and automobile industries increased in 2010-1013 compared to 2005-2010, but the growth rate of gross output and aggregate demand in shipbuilding industry slowed down. As a result of analysis of factors contributing to the increase in gross output of the three main industries, export demand has the greatest effect. By industry, the rate of growth contribution of export demand in petrochemical industry is recorded as 209.23% in 2005-2010 and 113.78% in 2010-2013, respectively. The rate of growth contribution of export demand in automobile industry is recorded as 258.72% in 2005-2010 and 72.69% in 2010-2013, respectively. On the other hand, the rate of growth contribution of export demand in shipbuilding industry is recorded as 94.47% in 2005-2010, but it decreased to -255.32% in 2010-2013. Analysis of growth factors of Ulsan's three main industries is expected to serve as the basis for reorganizing related industrial policies and establishing them.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.97-122
• /
• 2013

Korea's trade balance in service showed surplus in 2012 on the basis of BPM5. This is recorded by 14 years since 1999. This owes to decrease of deficit in tourism balance, increase of surplus in construction and transportation, and shift from deficit to surplus, even in small portion, in personal cultural recreational services balance. While externally the global economic growth becomes inactive and the Korean Won has appreciated, internally Korean service industry is very weak and is not equipped with international competitiveness. This study intends to look into service surplus items and services deficit items and to present measures that will be able to strengthen competitiveness in service industry. As a short case study, German and Japan was benchmarked, as they are the countries which are developed on the basis of manufacturing like Korea. And in this study, by analyzing surplus items and deficit items in trade balance sheet, it is attempted to suggest policies which would be available for strengthening service industry. As the service industry is a highly value-added one, it is necessary to designate promising categories and intensively foster as strategic industry. Service industry has their own characteristics distinguished with manufacturing goods. It has very different logistics and payment system with manufacturing industry. It means there must be independent support systems which reflect the nature of industrial classification in service industry. It is necessary to provide export support system, to organize export market development group, to support marketing, to set common logistics center, to support diplomatic means, to provide legal service and so on.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.209-228
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes in trade and industry of Korea and suggest implications from the perspective of global value chains following the spread of COVID-19. To this end, products for prevention of epidemics which is directly related to COVID-19 and IT industries with high GVC participation were analyzed. Due to the spread of COVID-19, the variation in import and export of products for prevention of epidemics was large. In the case of masks, import and export of final goods changed drastically, but the change in intermediate goods was not significant relatively. Korea's IT industry has been differentiated according to major trading partners amid overall changes in GVCs which is summarized as higher forward participation and lower backward participation. While no particular change resulted from COVID-19 has yet been made directly, the need for diversification strategies should be taken into account at a time when the production links with China and Vietnam are close and the dependence on trade with these countries is high. The COVID-19 is still in progress, requiring corporate strategies and policy efforts to respond to changes in GVCs in the post-COVID-19 era.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.175-196
• /
• 2022

Information and communication and home appliance industries, which were one of South Korea's main industries, are gradually losing their export share as their export competitiveness is weakening. This study objectively analyzed export competitiveness and suggested export-promising countries in order to help South Korea's information communication and home appliance industries improve exports. In this study, network properties, centrality, and structural hole analysis were performed during network analysis to evaluate export competitiveness. In order to select promising export countries, we proposed a new variable that can take into account the characteristics of an already established International Trade Network (ITN), that is, the Global Value Chain (GVC), in addition to the existing economic factors. The conditional log-odds for individual links derived from the Exponential Random Graph Model (ERGM) in the analysis of the cross-border trade network were assumed as a proxy variable that can indicate the export potential. In consideration of the possibility of ERGM linkage, a parametric approach and a non-parametric approach were used to recommend export-promising countries, respectively. In the parametric method, a regression analysis model was developed to predict the export value of the information and communication and home appliance industries in South Korea by additionally considering the link-specific characteristics of the network derived from the ERGM to the existing economic factors. Also, in the non-parametric approach, an abnormality detection algorithm based on the clustering method was used, and a promising export country was proposed as a method of finding outliers that deviate from two peers. According to the research results, the structural characteristic of the export network of the industry was a network with high transferability. Also, according to the centrality analysis result, South Korea's influence on exports was weak compared to its size, and the structural hole analysis result showed that export efficiency was weak. According to the model for recommending promising exporting countries proposed by this study, in parametric analysis, Iran, Ireland, North Macedonia, Angola, and Pakistan were promising exporting countries, and in nonparametric analysis, Qatar, Luxembourg, Ireland, North Macedonia and Pakistan were analyzed as promising exporting countries. There were differences in some countries in the two models. The results of this study revealed that the export competitiveness of South Korea's information and communication and home appliance industries in GVC was not high compared to the size of exports, and thus showed that exports could be further reduced. In addition, this study is meaningful in that it proposed a method to find promising export countries by considering GVC networks with other countries as a way to increase export competitiveness. This study showed that, from a policy point of view, the international trade network of the information communication and home appliance industries has an important mutual relationship, and although transferability is high, it may not be easily expanded to a three-party relationship. In addition, it was confirmed that South Korea's export competitiveness or status was lower than the export size ranking. This paper suggested that in order to improve the low out-degree centrality, it is necessary to increase exports to Italy or Poland, which had significantly higher in-degrees. In addition, we argued that in order to improve the centrality of out-closeness, it is necessary to increase exports to countries with particularly high in-closeness. In particular, it was analyzed that Morocco, UAE, Argentina, Russia, and Canada should pay attention as export countries. This study also provided practical implications for companies expecting to expand exports. The results of this study argue that companies expecting export expansion need to pay attention to countries with a relatively high potential for export expansion compared to the existing export volume by country. In particular, for companies that export daily necessities, countries that should pay attention to the population are presented, and for companies that export high-end or durable products, countries with high GDP, or purchasing power, relatively low exports are presented. Since the process and results of this study can be easily extended and applied to other industries, it is also expected to develop services that utilize the results of this study in the public sector.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.95-116
• /
• 2009

Korea-Us FTA negotiation started in February 2006 with a view to overcoming those uncertainties in the global market and was finally concluded in April, 2007. The Agreement was officially signed between ministers two month later and it is expected to be ratified this year even though the process is most likely to be painful in both countries by the political resistances. For the new President of the United States, effective leadership will depends largely on how to encourage domestic industries such as Automobile industry and Iron and Steel industry from the financial crisis. Many trading partners of US worry about US foreign trade policy changes to protectionism that might be unequal to bear. Korea textile industry is one of the major industry in Korea as it occupies 15% of total number of manufacturers, 11% of total employment and 5% of national GDP. Korea-US FTA will provide a breakthrough for bouncing back by exploring new market. US agreed to remove all tariff and non-tariff barriers to 87% of textile items under trading. This study shows that Korean textile industry has been losing it's competitiveness as textile quota system abolished in the year 2005 and has been traced by pursuers such as China, India and Vietnam. In case of woven fabric which was a representing export item of Korea lost price competitiveness against China after 2005. This study seeks the strategy of Korea textile industry in the US market by utilizing the capacity of KOTRA offices in US. All possible statistical data obtained in the US were used for analysing the competitiveness. Fabrics and Garments are analysed independently with a view to finding out real trends of textile market in US. This study also suggest Korea's textile industry strategic ideas obtained from the potential buyers to show the way to penetrate into US market.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.17 no.8
• /
• pp.159-170
• /
• 2019

IC industry is one of the foundation and core industries of modern information industry. Therefore, the study of this industry has important theoretical and practical significance. The main purpose of this study is to measure the degree of close correlation between the two indexes through correlation analysis of the selected indicators, so as to study the development trend and direction of IC. Based on the theory of induced innovation and the theory of comparative advantage, this paper analyzes the correlation between the profit of the IC industry and the following three indicators by using chart analysis method, covariance analysis method and correlation coefficient analysis method. These three indicators are R&D expenditure, new product development costs and annual export amount of IC. The selected data are mainly from CHINA STATISTICS YEARBOOK ON HIGH-TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY. Through the research, it is found that the profit of China's IC industry is positively correlated with the first two indicators and negatively correlated with the annual export amount.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 1992

A computer program called LAMPRO has been developed for use by the Australian meat industry to assist with the pricing of lamb carcasses. Based on a series of prediction equations and accounting for the cost structure of a meat processor the program allows the real value of a carcass to be established. The concept has also been extended to cater for mutton carcasses destined for either domestic or export markets incorporated in a program called MUTONPRO.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.56 no.2
• /
• pp.116-125
• /
• 2012

Local pharmaceutical companies in Korea, which have grown focusing on domestic markets, have recently faced difficulties such as market saturation, price control policies and market-opening pressures by FTA. It seems to be an urgent issue for them to export pharmaceuticals to developed countries comprising the greater part of the global pharmaceutical market. Hence, this research was conducted to investigate and benchmark the strategies employed by India industry for the successful access to the global pharmaceutical markets. Drug policies as well as their influences on pharmaceutical market changes between India and Korea for the last 40 years have been searched and the differences have been comparatively analyzed. The pharmaceutical industry of India has the following strengths: low costs; experienced labor pool; excellent reverse-engineering skills; powerful IT; marketing capability; and established distribution network. After 2000, consolidations, M&A and alliances with domestic and multinational companies have been sharply increased in the industry of India. Indian companies unfolding both competition and cooperation with multinational corporations currently move up the value-added chain, and this enthusiastic strategy should be learned by local pharmaceutical companies.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.18 no.12
• /
• pp.45-54
• /
• 2020

Purpose: Indonesia's maritime logistics and distribution system is currently faced with several challenges, some of which include prolonged export and import time for goods handling as well as the high logistics cost. This study further analyzes the existing business processes in maritime logistics in East Java Province in order to provide solutions to the challenges. Research design, data and methodology: This research was carried out in East Java Province, Indonesia, with data collected through field observations, documentation, and in-depth interviews with all the stakeholders involved. Results: The study showed that the number of stakeholders and activities involved in the flow of goods movement ultimately impacted the length of time. These factors can be classified into the following five: 1) export and import regulations, 2) third party logistics competencies, 3) transportation infrastructure and facilities, 4) adoption of information systems and technology, and 5) maritime line connectivity. Conclusion: Analyzing the three supply chain flows in the maritime logistics and distribution industry called for the need for improvement to increase coordination among related institutions, improve the flexibility of dwelling time to the conditions of each port, enhance service levels, improve transportation infrastructure and facilities, implement information system and technology, and develop shipping routes and networks. Therefore, a collaborative supply chain management system can be realized.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.280-295
• /
• 2022

This paper contains an introduction to industrial problems, solutions, and results conducted with the Korea Association of Machinery Industry. The client company commissioned the problem of upgrading the method of identifying global supply risky items. Accordingly, the factors affecting the supply and demand of imported items in the global supply chain were identified and the method of selecting risky items was studied and delivered. Through research and discussions with the client companies, it is confirmed that the most suitable factors for identifying global supply risky items are 'import size', 'import dependence', and 'trend abnormality'. The meaning of each indicator is introduced, and risky items are selected using export/import data until October 2022. Through this paper, it is expected that countries and companies will be able to identify global supply risky items in advance and prepare for risks in the new normal situation: the economic situation caused by infectious diseases such as the COVID-19 pandemic; and the export/import regulation due to geopolitical problems. The client company will include in his report, the method presented in this paper and the risky items selected by the method.