• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2003

Under the sudden change of competitive environment, the economic cooperation as a part of survival strategy is being a big issue among countries. There was much discussion based on the geological adjacency as well as cultural homogeneity regarding the economic cooperation of three countries, Korea, China, Japan. It has been also known that major trade countries of the world concluded the treaty of region trade, then extended the number of export, and drew a success in foreign direct investment. It can be considered that Korea will play a major role in the three countries' automobile industry based on Japanese demonstrated technology, Chinese resources, market and experience with their economic cooperation. Therefore it is expected that a big result will be achieved throughout such a role play of each country. This paper has a purpose to light up the distinctive quality and the present condition of each country in automobile industry, and to promote the foundation of three countries' economic cooperation. It is convinced that the economic cooperation of three countries, Korea, China and Japan in automobile industry, will play a great role in the world automobile market.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.33-53
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• 2021

The import content of exports (ICE) is defined as the amount of foreign input embodied in one unit of export, and it has been used as a measure of the degree of integration into the global production network. In this paper, we suggest an alternative measure based on the decomposition of gross output and imports into the contributions of final demand terms. This measure considers the manner in which a country manages its domestic production base (gross output) and utilizes the foreign sector (imports) simultaneously and can thus be regarded as a more comprehensive measure than ICE. Korea's input-output tables in 1970-2018 are used in this paper. These tables were rearranged according to the same 26-industry classification so that these measures can be computed with time-series continuity and so that the results can be interpreted clearly. The results obtained in this paper are based on extended time-series data and are expected to be reliable and robust. The suggested indicators were applied to these tables, and, based on the results we conclude that the overall importance of the global economy in Korea's economic strategy has risen and that the degree of Korea's integration into the global production network increased over the entire period. This paper also shows that ICE incorrectly measures the movement of the degree of integration into the global production network in some periods.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.52-65
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• 2019

Purpose - This paper aims to study what is impacting the development of e-Government Procurement in China, the current strategies of developing Chinese Governmental e-Procurement, and to present some measures by which Korea's exporting industry could enter the Chinese procurement market. Design/methodology - This study is to provide a systematic literatures review on what is impacting the development of e-Government Procurement in China. Hence, based on western research, Chinese literiatures are used for this study. Findings - To penetrate the e-procurement of the Chinese government, the acquisition of government procurement certification is necessary. Secondly, the qualification of "Made in China" is one way to join the market. And finally for Korean companies to enter the procurement, it is necessary to provide products to the public institutions such as universities, hospitals and social organizations and to the state-owned enterprises. Originality/value - This paper aims to study what is impacting the development of the e-Government Procurement in China, the current strategies of developing Chinese Governmental e-Procurements, and to present some measures by which Korea's exporting industry could enter the Chinese procurement market. These originalities can be expected to give understanding of Chinese e-govenment procurement and insight for strategy for both Korean enterprise and relavant academic circles.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2019

Purpose - This research examines the effect of a foreign subsidiary on the productivity growth of a Two-way trading manufacturing firm in Korea. We explore firms engaged in both trade and FDI simultaneously to verify whether participation in GVC as a broad concept is an efficient internationalization strategy to increase the productivity of a Korean manufacturing firm. Design/methodology - Based on the firm-level data by utilizing the Survey of Business Activities from Statistics Korea, we examine the impact of vertically integrated foreign subsidiaries on the productivity of a manufacturing firm that exports and imports simultaneously. Findings - The results show that if a Two-way trading firm establishes one or more overseas subsidiaries, the total factor productivity growth increases. Moreover, the FDI effect is statistically significant when the destination country has an economically close relationship with Korea. However, these effects are disparate depending on the industrial competitiveness or market situation where the subsidiary is located. Nonetheless, the synergy effect resulting from industrial combination is represented in China and the USA only. Originality/value - As the importance of GVC has become more emphasized around the world. In spite of the scarcity of related domestic studies, we explored the effect of multinational manufacturing firms participating in GVC using firm-level data.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.43-58
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• 2022

Purpose - Based on the telecommunication service trade data of China, Japan, and South Korea from 2009 to 2019, this paper compares and analyzes the international competitiveness of the three countries' telecommunication service trade, and finds the existing problems in China through the comparison, so as to make reasonable planning and industrial development strategy, and find away to catch up. Design/methodology - The comparative analysis method was used to compare and analyze the international competitiveness of telecommunication service trade among China, Japan, and South Korea from the three aspects of market share, trade surplus, and export proportion represented by MS, TC, G-L, RCA, and CA. Findings - The international competitiveness of telecommunication service trade among China, Japan, and South Korea does not have competitive advantages. China is larger than Japan and South Korea, but only close to average globally, and its share of trade in telecommunications services is lower than Japan and South Korea's. Originality/value - This paper tries to explore international competitiveness in the field of telecommunication service trade, and through the comparison of five indicators to find problems in China, so as to put forward countermeasures to improve the international competitiveness of China's telecommunication service trade, and lay a foundation for subsequent research on the source factors of international competitiveness.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2022

To help the industry, outsourcing was found to be the most efficient method. An extensive literature analysis was done to assess the macroeconomic factors associated with outsourcing to supplement the anxious parties' decision-making process with evidence-based comprehensive tools. As a theoretical framework for evaluating these issues, transaction cost economies and resource-based perspective theories are investigated. Outsourcing is proven to be a result of energy crises and political instability. The advantages of outsourcing assist major industries in the economy. To discover the key drivers behind outsourcing, we used the vector autoregressive (VAR model) and step-wise regression techniques for the period 1992 to 2016. This research adds to the literature in that it not only explains the energy issue but also discusses the dilemma of political instability in the country in the context of outsourcing. The findings indicate that labor cost and export tendency have a positive impact on outsourcing strategy, which confirms the study's third and fourth hypotheses. Customs tax, inflation, and the unemployment rate, on the other hand, have a negative impact on textile outsourcing in Pakistan, according to the study's fifth, sixth, and seventh hypotheses.

• 무역학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.59-81
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• 2021

This paper aims to analyze Korea's trade and investment performance in Spain and the business environment of Spain, and to find efficient strategies for entering into the Spanish market. This study is organized into five chapters. To begin with, it explains an overview of the Spanish economy and the current status of its major industries. Then, it analyzes Korea's trade and investment performance in Spain, the structure of comparative advantage and the trade trends of major import and export items, since 2011 when the Korea-EU FTA went into effect. Lastly, based on the results of this analysis, Korea's strategies for entering into the Spanish market are derived. The strategies derived from the analysis are as follows: (1) entering startups in the Spanish market through CVC cooperation and participation in large tech forums, (2) linking the Spanish interest in K-Culture to consumer goods exports, (3) promoting cooperation in the IT industry in response to the Spanish government's 'Connected Industry 4.0', (4) building a new Korean-Spanish value chain in response to the mobility revolution, (5) advancing jointly into a third country by combining the strengths of both Korea and Spain, (6) cooperating with the Spanish government to establish a sustainable energy policy, (7) promoting jointly with the Spanish government through smart city strategies and project exchanges, and (8) building a European logistics hub in Spain in preparation for post-Brexit.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권11호
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• pp.55-72
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• 2007

한국 애니메이션 산업에게 있어 중국시장 진출은 필수적 과제이다. 그러나, 중국 정부의 강력한 수입 애니메이션 규제정책은 한국 애니메이션 완성작의 수출은 물론, 한국에서 기획된 작품에 중국으로부터 투자를 유치하는 형태의 한중 공동제작마저도 어렵게 만들었다. 이제껏 거대 중국시장과 투자자금 유입을 기대하면서 한국기업들이 추진해온 방식의 중국진출 전략은 더 이상 유효하지 않으며, 자금까지와는 다른 새로운 접근법이 필요한 시점이다. $5{\sim}10$년 내에 세계적인 애니메이션 대국을 지향하는 중국정부의 정책분석을 통해 높은 중국시장 진입장벽을 확인하였고, 중국 정부와 애니메이션 산업을 중국시장의 '우선 고객'으로 간주하여 이들 고객의 니즈(Needs)를 파악한 결과, 이제는 한국 애니메이션 프로젝트가 아니라 '한국 애니메이션 산업'을 소구(Appeal)하는 것이 필요하며, 중국 정부와 산업의 니즈(Needs)를 만족시킬 수 있는 한국 애니메이션 산업의 전략적 포지셔닝(Positioning)만이 현 상황을 타개해 나갈 수 있을 것이라는 결론을 도출하였다. 전략적 포지셔닝 확립은 적절한 실행방안을 통해서만 실현가능한 것인 바, 실현방안으로서 바람직한 형태의 중국과의 공동제작 방법론을 제시하였다. 문제는, 본고에서 제시되고 있는 중국시장 진출 방안도 현재 중국 애니메이션 산업의 발전 속도로 볼 때, 그 유효 기간이 몇 년 남지 않았다는 사실이다. 이에 대한 한국 애니메이션 산업의 인식전환과 신속한 대응이 필요하며, 그를 위한 정부의 지원정책도 절실한 시점이다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.720-735
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 중국 지린(吉林)시 쟝베이(江北) 화학공업단지를 사례로 개혁개방 이후의 산업재구조화 과정의 특성을 기업조직, 생산방식, 노동력, 제품시장에 초점을 두고 고찰하였다. 지린시 화학공업 기업의 기업조직 재구조화는 2001년 이후부터 본격적으로 기업체 간 하청과 협력관계가 증가하였고, 협력기관의 유형에 있어서 연구소와 지방정부가 가장 큰 비중을 차지하였으며, 협력내용은 제품 및 공동기술개발 협력이 가장 높은 비중을 차지하였다. 생산방식의 재구조화는 2007년 현재 여전히 포디즘 생산방식인 소품종 대량생산 방식을 채택하는 기업체 비중이 가장 높다. 중국이 WTO에 가입한 후 지린시 화학공업기업이 생산체제 전환과정에서 채택한 기업의 대응 전략으로는 생산기술에 대한 투자확대가 중심이며 생산기술 변화에 대한 기업전략은 생산설비의 개선과 신제품개발이 중심이다. 노동력 재구조화 전략은 노동조직 면에서 근로자 재교육의 실시가 가장 높게 나타났고, 노사관계에 있어서는 노동자에 대한 직무 수행 능력을 평가하는 기업이 증가하는 추세이다. 제품시장 산업 재구조화 측면에서는 내수 시장판매가 큰 비중을 차지한 반면에 수출이 다소 미약한 것으로 나타났고, 업체들이 품질개선을 통한 고부가가치화로 제품시장변화에 대응하는 전략이 중심이 되고 있으나 생산제품 및 시장다변화 등 다양한 전략으로 수요환경 변화에 대응하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.19-34
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• 2021

여수광양항은 부산항, 인천항, 울산항, 평택당진항과 함께 국내 5대 항만으로써 남해안의 무역 거점의 역할을 담당하고 있다. 부산항에 이어 물동량 2위의 규모이며, 수출입 물동량 기준으로는 국내 최대의 항만이다. 세계 최대 규모의 화학산업단지인 여수화학산업단지를 주요 배후로 하여 고도성장을 거듭하여 왔으나, 최근에는 물동량의 증가세가 감소하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 여수광양항의 발전을 위한 주요 발전전략을 발굴하고, 전략의 우선순위를 도출하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 AHP 분석기법을 이용하여 여수광양항의 발전전략을 운영 활성화, 인프라 구축, 정책지원의 3가지 대분류로 나누고 다시 기간별로 단·중기와 장기의 두 가지 측면에서 분석하였다. 분석결과, 단/중기정책에서는 '컨테이너부두 통합운영 및 경쟁력 강화'가 가장 중요한 것으로 평가되었다. 컨테이너 운영사의 통합 및 초대형 선박 입항에 대비한 항로개설, 대형크레인 설치 등이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 장기정책에서는 '지역산업기반 고부가가치산업 육성'이 가장 중요한 것으로 평가되었다. 정착지원금제도 등을 통해 외부 지역의 기업 유치하기 위한 전략이 필요할 것으로 사료 된다. 본 연구의 결과는 여수광양항의 발전전략을 수립하고, 투자 우선순위를 정립하는데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.