• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2005

Safe and cheap emulsion explosives have recently replaced the existing CD explosives in order for people to reduce the prime cost and to prevent the safety accidents from happening in construction and civil engineering sites. However, the emulsion explosives have been in reality fared with difficulties in terms of the blasting force when using them in the tunnel constructed in the rock mass composed of hard rock. In this regards, this study is to verify their blasting efficiency and possibility of construction by applying MegaMEX, one of the high performance Emulsion explosives, to the rock mass of hard rock. In terms of their blasting efficiency such as advance ratio and fragmentation, it has turned out that they have overcome the limit of the existing Emulsion explosives and they have had the equivalent level of MegaMITE, one of the GD(Gelatin dynamite) types of explosives while they have been also advantageous to the environmental aspects.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.179-187
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• 2021

Army guns, swords, and explosives are substances that remain in danger and are expected to suffer significant damage in the event of an accident. Therefore, considerable attention is needed to handle them. Safety management of army guns, swords, and explosives can be classified into manufacturing, storage, and transportation, among which transportation is essential for performance tests and contract delivery. In 2020, the number of army guns, swords, and explosives transport increased by 30% compared to 2014, which can be seen as an increase in the demand for the transportation of army guns, swords, and explosives by defense companies due to defense improvement projects. Meanwhile, social interest in explosives safety management and social demands for strengthening safety management are increasing due to the explosions of explosive plants. Therefore, it is necessary to look at the status of safety management. This study examined the safety management for the transportation of army guns, swords, and explosives in the united states and domestic private sector. This paper presents improvements to safely and efficiently transport army guns, swords, and explosives.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.3659-3664
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• 2013

Eight representative explosives (ammonium perchlorate (AP), ammonium nitrate (AN), trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), cyclonite (RDX), cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), and hexanitrostilbene (HNS)) were comprehensively analyzed with an ion trap mass spectrometer in negative ion mode using direct infusion electrospray ionization. MS/MS experiments were performed to generate fragment ions from the major parent ion of each explosive. Explosives in salt forms such as AP or AN provided cluster parent ions with their own anions. Explosives with an aromatic ring were observed as either $[M-H]^-$ for TNT and DNT or $[M]^{{\cdot}-}$ for HNS, while explosives without an aromatic ring such as RDX, HMX, and PETN were detected as an adduct ion with a formate anion, i.e., $[M+HCOO]^-$. These findings provide a guideline for the rapid and accurate detection of explosives once portable MS instruments become more readily available.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.266-272
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• 2014

Oxocane high explosives substituted to explosive group such as azide (-CH2N3), nitrate (-CH2ONO2), and hydrazine (-CH2N2H3) are investigated theoretically the acid catalyzed reaction using the semiempirical MINDO/3, MNDO and AM1 methods to use as the guidelines of high explosives. The nucleophilicity and basicity of oxocane high explosives can be explained by the value of negative charge on oxygen atom of oxocane and the reactivity in propagation step can be represented by the value of positive charge on carbon atom and low electrophile LUMO energy. It was known that carbenium ion was favorable due to the stable energy (11.745~25.461 Kcal/mol) between oxonium ion and carbenium ion in the process of cyclic oxonium ion of oxocane high explosives being converted to open carbenium ion in oxocane high explosives. The value of concentration of cyclic oxonium ion and open carbenium ion in equilibrium status was found to be a major determinant of mechanism, it was expected to react faster in the prepolymer propagation step in SN1 mechanism than in that of SN2.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.19-31
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• 2023

There are various types of explosives, and each explosive has different characteristics such as water resistance, energy required for detonation, and crushing power, so understanding the characteristics of explosives is important for safe use and performance improvement. Computer simulation is used indirectly along with various experiments to understand the characteristics of explosives, and a state equation is used to express the explosive detonation process through computer simulation. In this study, the explanation of JWL EOS, which is mainly used among the state equations of explosives, and the cylinder expansion experiment to calculate the coefficient of JWL EOS were implemented as ANSYS AUTODYN and compared and analyzed with the actual experimental results. As a result, an error rate of around 20% occurred, and it was found that the overall change pattern of pressure and energy was consistent with the previously published experimental results.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.20-33
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• 1998

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 1998

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.4-8
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• 1993

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.9-26
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• 1993

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.26-45
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• 1993