• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.12 no.3 s.26
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• pp.179-183
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• 2006

$CO_2$ impacts on marine ecosystems must be elucidated before implementation of $CO_2$ ocean sequestration. This study was performed for the purpose of applying the use of a cephalopod, Octopus vulgaris to the evaluation of $CO_2$ impacts on marine organisms. 1) 5.25% $MgCl_2\;6H_2O$ is an effective anaesthetic for octopus. 2) Cannula implantation into the abdominal aorta is effective for octopus. 3) A restraint chamber made out of the plastic net is suitable to permit the exit of cannula from the body.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.403-406
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose a method for deciding permission from the ATM(Automated Teller Machine) using face detection. First, we extract skin areas and make candidate face images from an input image, and then detect a face using Adaboost(Adaptive Boosting) algorithm. Next, proposed method executes a template matching for making a decision on whether to wear accessories like sunglasses or a mask in detected face image. Finally, this method decides whether to permit ATM service using this result. Experimental results show that proposed method performed well at indoors ATM environment for detecting whether to wear accessories.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.285-295
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• 2022

Laminated composite plates are utilized extensively in different fields of construction and industry thanks to their advantages such as high stiffness-to-weight ratio. Additionally, they are characterized by their directional properties that permit the designer to optimize their stiffness for specific applications. This paper presents a numerical analysis and optimization study of plates made of composite subjected to low velocity impact. The main aim is to identify the optimum fiber orientations of the composite plates that resist low velocity impact load. First, a three-dimensional finite element model is built using LS DYNA computer software package to perform the impact analyses. The composite plate has been modeled using solid elements. The failure criteria of Tsai-Wu's criterion have been used to control the strength of the composite material. A good agreement has been found between the predicted numerical results and experimental results in the literature which validate the finite element model. Then, an Adaptive Simulated Annealing (ASA) has been used to optimize the response of impacted composite laminate where its objective is to maximize the safety factor by varying the ply angles. The results show that the ASA is robust in the sense that it is capable of predicting the best optimal designs.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.29 no.2 s.233
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• pp.169-179
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• 2005

Nucleate boiling experiments on heating surface of constant wall temperature were performed using R113 for almost saturated pool boiling conditions. A microscale heater array and Wheatstone bridge circuits were used to maintain a constant wall temperature condition of heating surface and to measure the heat flow rate with high temporal and spatial resolutions. Bubble images during the bubble growth were taken as 5000 frames per second using a high-speed CCD camera synchronized with the heat flow rate measurements. The bubble growth behavior was analyzed using the new dimensionless parameters for each growth regions to permit comparisons with previous experimental results at the same scale. We found that the new dimensionless parameters can describe the whole growth region as initial and later (thermal) respectively. The comparisons showed good agreement in the initial and thermal growth regions. In the initial growth region including surface tension controlled, transition and inertia controlled regions as divided by Robinson and Judd, the bubble growth rate showed that the bubble radius was proportional to $t^{2/3}$ regardless of working fluids and heating conditions. And in the thermal growth region as also called asymptotic region, the bubble showed a growth rate that was proportional to $t^{1/5}$, also. Those growth rates were slower than the growth rates proposed in previous analytical analyses. The required heat flow rate for the volume change of the observed bubble was estimated to be larger than the heat flow rate measured at the wall. Heat, which is different from the instantaneous heat supplied through the heating wall, can be estimated as being transferred through the interface between bubble and liquid even with saturated pool condition. This phenomenon under a saturated pool condition needs to be analyzed and the data from this study can supply the good experimental data with the precise boundary condition (constant wall temperature).

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.4
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• pp.91-111
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• 1977

The view point of the library is treated as a first subject. This study is scheduled to construct, as a experimental study, the system of the Library Science. The study of this fields is called upon greatly because the trial to understand library as a socio-cultural phenomenon did not study as many times. As a result of the study, library is defined as ${\ulcorner}Structural Formation of Inquirying Behavior{\lrcorner}$. Not only technique and actual proof are possible in this study but also this definition is technical definition to indicate the main phenomenon of Librarial Behavior. This schedule represent the trial to define Library Behavior which could anticipate and fabricate when we analyze this definition First, we can find out, first of all, the researching behavior among the human behaviors and then human behavior has the condition of practice. At last, researching behavior can not have any result when it is a natural situation, it has only the meaning when it is guided by an obvious intention. The object of the library is just this human behavior. Second, Formation permits the guidance and self-control at the same-times. The answer about what we find out and practice make it possible the act of guidance. This guidance can't burden any subject but permit the people to result his own researching behaviors. He can save his activities, his own researching behaviors by the result of it. Third, The statematical means efficient performances, and them efficient performances is impossible, here is 'discoveries' of behavior itself. The system of the library is the formation of the relation between the accumulated civilizations and accumulated civilizations. As the definitions of the above mentions, library has the big abilities to the creation and succession of the civilization. As the contemporary view-points, there are some questions about the above described definition can meet it of the library. When we frame the science of library as the learning systems, we can't but the library as this definitions.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.675-680
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• 2002

Cracking and bulging in welded and internally lined pressure vessels that work in thermal-mechanical cycling service have been well known problems in the petrochemical, power and nuclear industries. However, published literature and industry surveys show that similar problems have been occurring during the last 50 years. A better understanding of the causes of cracking and bulging causes is needed to improve the reliability of these pressure vessels. This study attempts to add information required for increasing the knowledge and fundamental understanding required. Typical examples of this problem are the coke drums in the delayed coking units refinery process. This case was selected for experimental work, field study and results comparison. Delayed coking units are among the refinery units that have higher economical yields. To shut down these units represents a high negative economical impact in refinery operations. Also, the maintenance costs associated with repairs are commonly very high. Cracking and bulging occurrences in the coke drums, most often at the weld areas, characterize the history of the operation of delayed coking units. To design and operate more robust coke drums with fewer problems, an improved metallurgical understanding of the cracking and bulging mechanisms is required. A methodology that is based field experience revision and metallurgical analyses for the screening of the most important variables, and subsequent finite element analyses to verify hypotheses and to rank the variables according to their impact on the coke drum lives has been developed. This indicated approach provides useful information for increasing coke drum reliability. The results of this work not only order the most important variables according to their impact in the life of the vessels, but also permit estimation of the life spans of coke drums. In conclusion, the current work shows that coke drums may fail as a combination of thermal fatigue and other degradation mechanisms such as: corrosion at high and low temperatures, detrimental metallurgical transformations and plastic deformation. It was also found that FEA is a very valuable tool for understanding cracking and bulging mechanisms in these services and for ranking the design, fabrication, operation and maintenance variables that affect coke drum reliability.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.689-696
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• 2007

Kinetic analysis was important to develope the biological nutrient removal process effectively. In this research, anoxic-anaerobic-aerobic system was operated to investigate kinetic behavior on the nutrient removal reaction. Nitrification and denitrification were important microbiological reactions of nitrogen. The kinetics of organic removal and nitrification reaction have been investigated based on a Monod-type expression involving two growth limiting substrates : TKN for nitrification and COD for organic removal reaction. The kinetic constans and yield coefficients were evaluated for both these reactions. Experiments were conducted to determine the biological kinetic coefficients and the removal efficiencies of COD and TKN at five different MLSS concentrations of 5000, 4200, 3300, 2600, and 1900 mg/L for synthetic wastewater. Mathematical equations were presented to permit complete evaluation of the this system. Kinetic behaviors for the organic removal and nitrification reaction were examined by the determined kinetic coefficient and the assumed operation condition and the predicted model formulae using kinetic approach. The conclusions derived from this experimental research were as follows : 1. Biological kinetic coefficients were Y=0.563, $k_d=0.054(day^{-1})$, $K_S=49.16(mg/L)$, $k=2.045(day^{-1})$ for the removal of COD and $Y_N=0.024$, $k_{dN}=0.0063(day^{-1})$, $K_{SN}=3.21(mg/L)$, $k_N=31.4(day^{-1})$ for the removal of TKN respectively. 2. The predicted kinetic model formulae could determine the predicted concentration of the activated sludge and nitrifier, investigate the distribution rate of input carbon and nitrogen in relation to the solid retention time (SRT).

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.175-184
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• 2011

To take advantage of reduced on-site construction periods and minimize traffic impacts various types of steel grid composite deck have been developed since 1930's. Modular prefabricated unfilled grid decks permit a long-distance transportation and construction under unfavorable condition, for example, in mountainous regions due to its comparatively light-weighter structure than fully filled grid deck. In this study bending tests of unfilled grid decks for the deck member of various kinds of infrastructure are carried out, bending strength and behaviour of composite action are experimentally evaluated. In this bending test, design variables are considered, such as type of shear connection between steel grid and concrete slab, spacing between cross bars and thickness of concrete slab. Through test results bending strength and behaviour of composite action are evaluated, reference data for proper type of shear connection and other details of the deck, such as spacing between cross bars, are obtained.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.1933-1938
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• 2004

Nucleate boiling experiments with constant wall temperature of heating surface were performed using R113 for almost saturated pool boiling conditions. A microscale heater array and Wheatstone bridge circuits were used to maintain a constant wall temperature condition and to measure the heat flow rate with high temporal and spatial resolutions. Bubble images during the bubble growth were taken as 5000 frames a sec using a high-speed CCD camera synchronized with the heat flow rate measurements. The geometry of the bubble during growth time could be obtained from the captured bubble images. The bubble growth behavior was analyzed using the new dimensionless parameters for each growth regions to permit comparisons with previous results at the same scale. We found that the new dimensionless parameters can describe the whole growth region as initial and later respectively. The comparisons showed good agreement in the initial and thermal growth regions. The required heat flow rate for the volume change of the observed bubble was estimated to be larger than the instantaneous heat flow rate measured at the wall. Heat, which is different from the instantaneous heat supplied through the heating wall, can be estimated as being transferred through the interface between bubble and liquid even with saturated pool conditions. This phenomenon under a saturated pool condition needs to be analyzed and the data from this study can supply the good experimental data with the precise boundary condition (constant wall temperature).

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.85-92
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• 2008

It is necessary to develop a rational design method for surface reinforcement of very soft ground because most current design works rely on merely crude empirical correlations. In this paper, the mechanical behavior of very soft ground that is surficially reinforced was investigated with the aid of a series of numerical analyses. Several material properties of each dredged soft ground, reinforcement and backfill sand mat have been exercised in the numerical analysis. The result of numerical analysis was compared with those of the laboratory model test. Through the matching process between the numerical and experimental result, it is possible to determine representative material properties of the dredged soft ground, reinforcements and backfill sand mat. These verified material properties permit to evaluate the effect of the stiffness of reinforcement and the thickness of sand mat on the overall deformation of the reinforced soft ground.