• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.435-454
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• 1999

The caregiving experiences of 100 family menbers of outpatients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders were investigated for the presence of positive(positive family-patient relationship. patient' contribution to the family) and negative caregiving experience(objective and subjective burden) and their predictors. This study attempts to make the analysis of caregiving experience more useful by expanding the focus to incoporate these positive aspects of the experience of family caregiver. Objective burden consists of two elements: 'disruption of family life', 'care'(amount of caregiving related to activity of daily living). Subjective burden is defined as emotional reactions to the care giving and it comprised of 6 emotional subdimensions such as 'stigma', 'grief'. 'worry', 'pity', 'fear', 'despair'. Also we investigate the severity of patients' disturbing behaviors into two categories, positive and negative disturbing behaviors and patient' contribution to the family as a predictors of positive and negative caregiving experiences. This study use Pearson's correlation coefficient, Hierardhical regressions in the SAS Program. The results are as follows: 1. Respondents reported moderate level of objective burden 'disruption of family life' (mean = 2.48, range = 1-4), and 'care' (mean=2.54, range = 1-4), and slightly high level of total subjective burden(mean = 2.19, range = 1-4). Mean scores for the measure of the severity of behavioral disturbance indicated that the caregiver experienced negative disturbing behaviors around almost 'somtimes'(mean=2.28, range = 1-4), and positive disturbing behaviors 'almost not frequent'(mean=2.78. range=1-4). So they reported that they perceived patient's negative disturbing behaviors more than positive disturbing behaviors. Mean scores for the measure of the patient' contributions (mean = 1.99. range = 1-4) indicated that caregivers experienced these contributions a little. It means that there should be a positive aspect of possibilities of patient' family roles that can be developed in the daily life. Mean scores for the measure of the positive family-patient relationship indicated that caregivers experienced moderate level of positive family-patient relationship(mean=2.52, range = 1-4). 2. Hierardhical regression analysis 1) Hierardhical regression of 'disruption of family life' showed that the interaction between positive disturbing behaviors and patient' contributions (B = .20. p = .022) and caregiver's educational level(B=.06. p=.000) were 'significant and Hierardhical regression of 'care' showed that 'negative disturbing behaviors'(B= .35. p= .007). 'patient' contributions'(B= .28, p= .019). 'family income'(B=-.l1. p=.096) were significant. 2) Hierardhical regression of 'total subjective burden', 'stigma', 'grief', 'worry', 'pity'. 'fear', 'dispair' showed that 'positive disturbing behaviors'(B=.51. p=.000). 'negative disturbing behaviors' (B = .17, p = .026), 'caregiver's educational level'(B = .03. p=.036), 'family income'(B=.08. p=.041) were significant predictors of 'total subjective burden': 'positive disturbing behaviors'(B=.32. p=.066). 'negative disturbing behaviors'(B=.24, p=.096) 'durations of illness'(B= .03. p= .079) were significant predictors of 'stigma' 'negative disturbing behaviors'(B=.28. p=.005). 'patient sex'(B=-.32. p=.022). 'positive disturbing behaviors'(B=.28. p=.020), 'patient age'(B=.02. p=.010), 'caregiver age'(B=-01, p= .002) were significant predictors of 'grief' 'negative disturbing behaviors'(B= .28, p= .005). 'patient sex'(B= -.32. p=.039), 'caregiver age'(B=-.02, p= .023). 'caregiver's educational level'(B= .04, p = .044) were significant predictors of 'worry' 'patient sex'(B=-.46. p=.005). 'negative disturbing behaviors'(B= .28. p=.018), 'caregiver age'(B=-.01, p=.037) were significant predictors of 'pity' 'positive disturbing behaviors'(B=.83. p=.000). 'patient' contributions' (B = .22, p =.017). 'family income'(B=.09. p=.65) were significant predictors of 'fear' 'positive disturbing behaviors'(B=.49, p=.001). 'negative disturbing behaviors'(B= .24. p=.057) 'patient sex'(B=-.4l, p=.017), 'family income'(B=.14, p=.047) were significant predictors of 'dispair'. 3) Hierardhical regression of 'positive relationship' showed that 'patient contributions'(B=.32, p=.000). 'negative disturbing behaviors'(B= .24, p= .005), 'patient sex'(B=-.23, p=.036).

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.117-131
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• 2014

본 연구는 외상사건을 경험한 탈북여성들이 남한생활에서 경험하는 어려움과 남한에서의 부정적 경험으로 그들이 갖고 있는 트라우마의 재현을 탐색하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 외상후 스트레스 장애를 경험하는 5명의 탈북여성을 대상으로 초점집단면접과 서면조사를 실시하였다. 조사결과, 참여자들은 굶주림, 투옥, (성)폭력, 인신매매, 가족관계의 단절, 죽음의 목격 등 극단적 사건을 경험하였으며, 이로 인해 과거 기억의 회상과 회피, 악몽에 시달리는 것으로 나타났다. 또 외상후 스트레스를 겪는 상황에서 이들은 남한에서 차별과 부당한 대우, 낙인, 적과의 동침 상황, 끝나지 않는 빈곤, 용서불가, 그리고 자살의도 등과 같은 트라우마 경험의 재현을 겪고 있었다. 이런 트라우마 경험의 재현 경험으로 인해 연구 참여자들은 남한 입국에 대한 후회와 분노, 그리고 타인과의 관계 철회와 무희망 등의 부정적 정서를 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 이런 부정적 정서의 근간에는 부정적인 사회적 인식과 편견이 자리 잡고 있어 이에 대한 국가적 차원의 사회적 노력이 뒷받침되어야 하며, 지속적인 취업 및 고용지속을 위한 장기적인 서비스 등을 위해 지역사회복지관이나 민간기관과의 연계망을 확보하고, PTSD 및 그 외상경험의 재현에 대한 사례관리를 해야 할 필요성이 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify non-psychiatric nurses' difficulties in caring for patients with mental illness. Methods: Data were collected from eighteen general medical-surgical nurses working at a university hospital in Seoul, Korea. This study involved two focus group discussions and three in-depth individual interviews. All interviews were recorded and transcribed as they were spoken, and data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: General medical-surgical nurses experienced difficulties in 3 categories, 9 subcategories, 27 codes. The three categories were 'nurse' related factors, 'patient' related factors, 'resource' related factors. The nine categories were 'unpreparedness', 'nursing barriers due to stigma', 'undervaluing and avoidance of psychiatric nursing', 'eroding into the trap of a vicious cycle', 'facing unapproachable patients', 'dealing with unhelpful family members', 'burdening already overburdened staff', 'obstructive environment', and 'isolation of staff with heavy responsibilities'. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the need to develop psychiatric mental health education programs for non-psychiatric nurses. Education about psychiatric mental health and support from institutions for non-psychiatric nurses can reduce their negative attitude toward psychiatric patients and difficulties in caring for psychiatric patients.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.661-677
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• 2021

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the types of perception toward quarantine measures at hospitals or community treatment centers among patients infected with COVID-19. Methods: This study applied Q-methodology. Two hundred and nineteen Q populations were constructed based on related literature and in-depth interviews with 5 adults infected with COVID-19 and who experienced quarantine and hospitalization. Interviews were performed from November 14 to 29, 2020. A total of 45 Q samples were extracted and Q sorting was performed using a 9-point scale for 30 adult subjects who experienced quarantine at hospitals and community treatment centers. The data were analyzed using the PC-QUANL program. Results: The perception of subjects toward quarantine measures was classified into the following six types: 'passive acceptance', 'social stigma perception', 'appreciation of daily life through awareness of the realities of illness', 'why me?', 'fearful perception', and 'positive meaning'. Conclusion: The perception of quarantine measure among patients with COVID-19 is identified as six types with positive and negative emotional characteristics. This result will contribute to the development of individualized strategies to address psychosocial health problems among patients with infectious diseases.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.361-376
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• 2022

Objectives: To understand experiences of daily life and Korean medicine treatment process and perspectives of caregivers caring for children with tic disorder. Methods: A semi-structured interview was conducted with caregivers of patients under 13 years who were experiencing Korean medicine treatment for tic disorder. A total of five participants were interviewed. The analysis was performed according to a four-step phenomenological method. Results: The following four components were derived from the experience of caring for children with tic disorder: general perception of tics, negative emotions caused by tics, social deprivation, and living with a child with tics. The following four components were derived from Korean medicine treatment experience for tic disorders: criteria for selecting treatment, awareness of Korean medicine, treatment experience in Korean medicine, and what needs to be improved. Conclusions: According to results of this study, caregivers caring for children with tic disorder experienced negative emotions such as frustration, guilt, and anxiety. They also experienced social deprivation such as stigma and prejudice. Korean medicine treatment can be an effective alternative for improving symptoms of tic disorders. The application of insurance benefits to Korean medicine is needed for patients and caregivers to autonomously choose treatment.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.467-475
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• 2023

Background: To mitigate the spread of Covid-19, nurses infected with the virus were required to isolate themselves from their families and community. Isolated patients were reported to have experienced mental distress, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and suicide. Though studies have reported the psychological impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, less is known about the lived experiences of nurses who survived Covid-19 infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: A descriptive phenomenological approach was used to study the lived experiences of registered nurses who survived Covid-19 disease. In-depth interviews were conducted among nurses diagnosed with Covid-19 from two hospitals in Kenya between March and May, 2021. Purposive and snowball sampling were used to recruit registered nurses. Data were analyzed using Giorgi's steps of analysis. Results: The study included ten nurses between 29 and 45 years of age. Nurses' experiences encompassed three themes: diagnosis reaction, consequences, and coping. Reactions to the diagnosis included fear, anxiety, and sadness. The consequence of the diagnosis and isolation was stigma, isolation, and loneliness. Nurses coping mechanisms included acceptance, creating routines, support, and spirituality. Conclusion: Our findings aid in understanding how nurses experienced Covid-19 infection as patients and will provide evidence-based content for supporting nurses in future pandemics. Moreover, as we acknowledge the heroic contribution of frontline healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic, it is prudent to recognize the considerable occupational risk as they balance their duty to care, and the risk of infection to themselves and their families.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.812-825
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• 2015

This study explored various issues related to the quality-of-life for obese Korean men. In-depth interviews were conducted with thirty men over BMI 25 whose age ranged from 20's to 50's. Projective techniques along with semi-structured interviews were used. The results of interviews were analyzed based on grounded theory. "Stress" was the main phenomenon resulting from the causal conditions of obesity and stigma. Stress consisted of social, psychological, physical and environmental factors. Contextual conditions mediating the relationship between causal conditions and main phenomenon were obesity level, pressure, and public appearance. Avoidance, change of personal traits, and insensitivity were the action/reactions to the main phenomenon. Various factors due to obesity disappeared and quality-of-life increased when they succeed in weight reduction; however, factors related to obesity and lowered condition of quality-of-life continued if they experienced a weight gain/loss yo-yo.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.44-55
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to assess the personal experiences of the coping process during pregnancy for single mothers. Methods: The participants were 17 single mothers who had stayed in a social welfare facility. Data was collected with an in-depth unstructured interview. Data analysis was done by the grounded theory method. Results: One-hundred twelve concepts and 49 sub-categories were confirmed in the analysis. The sub-categories were grouped into 19 categories; escape from a miserable family, wrong meeting, openness of sex, defenseless state of pregnancy, inevitable result of pregnancy, heartbreak by herself, closure, isolation, difficult situation of being alone, stigma, supporting & protecting, helplessness, seeking, empowering, feeling of loss, conflict, facing issues, assuring a fresh start and becoming-mature. "Being driven over the edge of a cliff" was the key phenomenon which the single mothers experienced during the process of pregnancy. Conclusion: The above results will help nurses assessing single pregnancy mothers' needs and developing a nursing intervention program for supporting them. Therefore, nurses will be able to stop them from "being driven over the edge of cliff". A more vigorous nursing intervention is suggested for the research of the vulnerable classes of medical health care including single pregnant mothers.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.291-316
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• 2010

본 연구는 문화복지프로그램을 통한 사회적 취약계층의 사회적 배제 해소가능성을 탐색하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 문화복지실천가 대상 인터뷰를 토대로 기노시다(木下康仁)에 의해 창안된 수정근거이론(Modified Grounded Theory Approach)을 활용한 질적 분석을 시도하였다. 분석결과 문화복지프로그램은 사회적 취약계층에게 다양한 문화향유기회의 제공을 통해 이들의 잠재적 역량과 자존감을 증진시켜줌으로써 주체적 변화를 통한 사회적 배제 해소가능성을 보여주었다. 문화복지프로그램은 다양한 창작체험기회 제공, 과정중심의 비정형적 프로그램 운영, 프로그램 참여자의 주체화, 공동체활동 등의 접근전략을 통하여 참여자들의 창의적 역량과 자존감을 증진시키고 공동체적 연대의식을 강화시키는 기능을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 실제로 사회적 취약계층은 문화복지프로그램을 통하여 정서적 충족감을 느끼고 가족 및 대인관계의 향상, 긍정적 자아상 확립, 역량강화, 공동체활동 참여 등 삶의 변화를 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 사회복지서비스가 취약계층의 사회적 배제를 해소시키기 위해서는 기존의 선별주의적 사회복지프로그램에 문화를 접목시킨 보편적 사회복지 프로그램으로의 전환 필요성을 시사해 주고 있다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.331-339
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• 2007

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate LDQOL (Liver Disease Quality of Life) and its related factors of patients with Hepatitis B. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study. The LDQOL was formally translated to Korean and reliability was examined. One hundred thirty eight patients following gastroenterology outpatient clinic of S. hospital in Seoul, Korea participated. Results: The mean age of the patients was 45.43 years and 87.7% were men. The mean score of LDQOL was 77.34, and mean scores of subscale were followed; symptom of liver disease (SxLD) (82.12), effect of liver disease (ELD) (25.50), concentration (Conc) (84.47), memory (Mem) (83.24), health discomfort, (HD) (75.18), sexual function (SFun) (75.71), sexual problem (SProb) (84.70), Loneliness (85.50), Hopeless (67.43), and stigma of liver disease (SLD) (91.64). Women had a lower LDQOL score for Loneliness (p=.034), and over 45 year-old patients had a lower LDQOL overall score (p=.000). Patients who were HBV carriers, or who had Chronic Hepatitis B or Liver Cirrhosis reported lower QOL respectively(p=.032). Conclusion: Although the liver disease itself seemed to be stable, patients with HBV experienced poor QOL in ELD, SProb, SFun, and Hopeless. Therefore nursing interventions in these aspects are needed.