• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.298-306
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• 2023

Objective: Pain following the insertion of separators and archwires varies with age, sex, race, ethnicity, threshold, and health status. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of pain in orthodontic patients after the insertion of elastomeric separators, its effects on daily life, and its association with age and sex in a population not previously studied in this regard. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 130 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment included collecting data on demographics, pain experienced following the placement of separators, time of onset, duration, characteristics, change in dietary pattern or chewing side, intake of analgesics, and severity of pain on the Wong Baker's scale. The results are reported as counts and percentages. Associations between sex and age were evaluated using Pearson's chi-square test. Results: Among the 130 patients, 56.2% were 9-20 years old, 63.8% experienced pain following the insertion of separators, 22.9% had their first episode of pain at 4 hours, 56.6% experienced intermittent pain, and 37.3% experienced discomfort; 18.1% males and 81.9% females experienced pain following the insertion of separators. Pearson's chi-square test showed a significant association between pain and sex (P = 0.04). Most patients (37.3%) reported "hurts little more" for pain intensity on Wong Baker's scale and 21.7% reported all four quadrants as sites of pain. Conclusions: The pain experienced after separator insertion was associated with sex and age. Females experienced more pain than males and patients between the age range of 21 and 36 years suffered more pain during mastication than between 9 and 20 years old.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2001

This study examined the level of experienced problem and related variables of farming women as a part of study on problem diagnosis and status enhancement of rural women. The subjects were 980 married farming women living in rural area. Data were analyzed by frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation, factor analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan-test, and multiple regression. The major findings were as follows : 1) Rural women experienced five categorized problems(farming work & health problem, institution & facilities problem, personality differences & communication problem with husband, child & in-law relatives problem, and husbands violence & sexual problem. 2) The significant variables that influenced on experienced problems were conflict coping behaviors, husbands housework participation, farming work time, age, the level of health, and income etc. Additionally socio-demographic factors, their vocational consciousness, housework sharing, and couples difference of sex-role attitude as related variables of the level of experienced problem of farming women were exmained and discussed the implication.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.120-125
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• 2007

The purpose of the present study was to test the validity of the confirming abduction model (CAM). CAM is a process model which explains how reasoners confirm their hypothetical explicans. To test this model, 154 8th grade students were sampled from one middle school in Korea. Three types of vapor condensation hypothesis confirming tests were developed and administered to the subjects. The results of this study revealed that student confidence increased when hypothetical explicans were borrowed into experienced phenomena from questioning phenomena. These results validated CAM. According to CAM, the process. of confirming hypothetical explican is as follows: representing a questioning phenomenon, representing an experienced phenomenon that is similar to the questioning phenomenon, representing the hypothetical explican of the questioning phenomenon, comparing the questioning phenomenon with the experienced phenomenon, and borrowing the hypothetical explican as the hypothetical explican of the experienced phenomenon from the hypothetical explican of the questioning phenomenon. This study also discussed the implications of these findings for teaching and learning in science education.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was explored the meaning of hospice volunteer's experience in caring for cancer patients and tried to understand their experiences. Method: The data was collected from 7 participants living in Seoul and Gyeonggi province from Jan. to Apr. 2005. Collection of data was by means of in-depth interviews. The analysis of the data was made the phenomenological analytic method suggested by Colaizzi(1978). Result: The result is consisted of nine theme-cluster; experienced a fear, limitation of activity, experienced social care, experienced physical care, good death, experienced necessity of recharging, experienced bereavement care. Conclusion: The result above indicated that health professionals must develop the management and education of volunteer of hospice care for various hospice care. Also, We should to encouraged the continuous education and efficient management. And support system should be developed.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.599-607
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to identify the factors of benefits sought and rental intension based on the rental experience of clothing. To collect the data, 520 sheets of questionnaires, mostly self-administered, were used. And they were analyzed by SPSS(Ver. 10.0): frequencies, percentage, mean, factor analysis, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression. The results are as follows: 1. The most frequently-rented clothing items include a wedding dress and a graduation gown. The respondents were divided into 3 groups based on the rental experience: the light-experienced, the medium-experienced, and the heavy-experienced; 2. Factors of benefits sought in rental clothing include wearer compatibility, reasonability, condition compatibility, space saving, and conformity, and the total variance is 64.61%; 3. The heavy-experienced group tends to pursue wearer compatibility, reasonability, space saving, and conformity. The elder housewives with higher education who spend much on clothing belong to that group. The light-experienced includes male university students who do not spend much on clothing, and the medium-experienced includes elder employees; 4. Reasonability and clothing rental experience significantly affect rental intention, and their influence is 14.20%.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.427-436
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• 2004

Purpose: The purposes of the study were to describe the prevalence, sources and feelings of verbal and physical violence experienced by nurses and to identify the association of violence episodes and their intent and attempt to turnover. Method: Data were collected from the self reported survey of 589 nurses working in various clinical settings in three different hospitals. SPSSWIN 11.0 program was utilized for data analysis using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. Result: The findings revealed that the majority of nurses had experienced verbal violence(93.7%) and physical violence(23.4%) at work. The most common sources of violence were by patient's families(61.6%), patients(60.3%), and physicians(48.4%). The most common feeling experienced after an episode of violence were anger(56.6%) and resentment(50.9%). 78.1% of those experienced verbal violence and 86.2% of those experienced physical violence reported that they had intent to turnover after violence episodes. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of physical and verbal violence experienced by clinical nurses, organizations must develop administrative support system, preventive education and policy to deal with various causes of violence. This will eventually prevent high turnover rates among clinical nurses related to the violence experiences.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.107-118
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• 2019

Purpose - The present study examines the effect of service employees' experienced customer incivility through their emotional exhaustion. We identified service employees' emotion regulation ability as a boundary condition (i.e., moderating variable) that decreased the positive relationship between service employees' experienced customer incivility and their emotional exhaustion. Furthermore, we also investigated the negative relationship between service employees' experienced customer incivility and their service performance via emotional exhaustion. Research design, data, and methodology - Drawing on AET (affective event theory) and COR (conservation of resources) theory, we developed three research hypotheses (i.e., mediation, moderation, and moderated mediation). Online panel survey data from 552 frontline employees at several service organizations (e.g., department stores, retail stores, hotels, restaurants, airlines, banking, insurance company, and etc) in South Korea were examined. To assess two types of validity (i.e., convergent and discriminant validity) and reliability of measurement model, we employed the CFA (confirmatory factor analysis) using M-plus 8.2 software. Internal consistency also was tested by Cronbach' α. In addition, we employed the SPSS PROCESS MACRO 2.16, which was recommended by Hayes (2013, 2015), to estimate mediation, moderation, and moderated mediation effects. Results - As predicted, the negative relationship between service employees' experienced customer incivility and their service performance was mediated by emotional exhaustion. Furthermore, service employees' emotion regulation ability also played a significant moderating role of the relationship between service employees' experienced customer incivility and emotional exhaustion, such that this relationship was less pronounced when service employees had a high level of their emotion regulation ability than when thir emotion regulation ability was low. Service employees' emotion regulation ability further moderated this mediation effect of service employees' experienced customer incivility on service performance through emotional exhaustion. These findings have theoretical implications for employees' experienced customer incivility and emotion regulation ability research and provide managerial implications for practitioners. Conclusions - This study empirically elaborated the previous model of service employees' experienced customer incivility and personal resource (e.g., emotion regulation ability) literature by presenting the findings that service employees' experienced customer incivility influences their service performance via emotional exhaustion and that emotion regulation ability effectively reduces this negative effect.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.203-211
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• 1989

The purpose of this study is the extent of the stress of the nursing students during the period of delivery room practice, according to whether they have their practical experience and in which situations they received. The subject of this study is 62 nursing students (who experienced delivery room pracice at an early stage) in Kang Weon C. Junior College of nursing and 62 nursing students(who experienced delivery room practice at a latter stage) in J.Junior college of Nursing (total 124 students) from March 1988 to December 1988. The results of this study are summerized as follows. 1. According to the general characteristics, it revealed that they have not any relations between the religion, the numbers of family, health status and the extent of stress during the nursing students have experienced in the delivery room practice(p＞.05). 2. It revealed that there were much differences to the extent of stress they have experienced during the delivery room practice between the nursing students(who experienced delivery room practice at an early stage) in C.Junior College of Nursing and nursing students(who experienced delivery room practice at a latter stage) in J. Junior College of Nursing(p＜.000). 3. In ten items of the stress that was confronted by nursing practice, they had much differences to the extent of stress perception for the students during the period of delivery room practice between each college(p＜.05). 4. In the four parts of the clinical practice except for adult nursing practice, they had much differences to the extent of stress according to whether they have their practical experience. However the stress which they experienced in the adult ward during the period of delivery of delivery room nursing practice is too low to be significant(p＜.05).

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.95-112
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• 2017

The competence of teachers, comes out through their lesson, is one of the key factors of school education. The purpose of this study is comparing the viewpoints on the science lessons in the elementary classrooms between pre-service teachers and highly experienced teachers in order to draw implications on pre-service teacher educating system. The participants of the study are 14 junior students in a university of education and 9 elementary school teachers who are highly educated and have much career experience. Each student participant observed one video clip with science lesson of their classmate. The total number of the video subject to observation is 4. Meanwhile experienced teachers observed 1 or 2 videos which are the same to those the students watched. The participants made a class criticism according to the General Standards for Class Critique made by KICE. The in-depth analysis of the criticism yielded the following conclusions; First, pre-service teachers had narrow views on the science class mainly limited in the practical part of class, but experienced teachers had wide views covered to class-knowledge, plan, and practice. Second, most experienced teachers thought that learning is the process by which students acquire knowledge or concepts by themselves, and the main purpose of the class is to help students' learning. Meanwhile, there were many pre-service teachers who thought that conveying knowledge or concepts to students was the main purpose of the class. Third, experienced teachers thought that a good science class should maintain consistency around the learning goals from the planning, implementation, and evaluation. However, many pre-service teachers did not take the learning objectives so seriously.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.32-43
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• 2023

Purpose: This study investigated the dietary behavior of experienced shiftwork nurses and aimed to identify factors related to dietary behavior. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis based on the Shift Work Nurses' Health and Turnover study (2018-2021) among Korean nurses. In total, 247 experienced (>12 months) shiftwork nurses were included in this study. The participants' dietary behavior, depression, level of occupational stress, fatigue, physical activity, and general characteristics were measured. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and multiple regression analysis were conducted. Results: The dietary behavior score of the participants using the Mini-Dietary Assessment Index was 29.35±5.67. Thirty percent of the participants were depressed, the participants experienced moderate occupational stress, and 74.1% of the participants engaged in an inadequate amount of physical activity. The factors influencing shiftwork nurses' dietary behavior were having child(ren) (β=.16, p=.027), depression (β=-.13, p=.032), level of occupational stress related to occupational climate (β=-.13, p=.035), and an inadequate amount of physical activity (β=-.17, p=.006). These factors explained 10.4% of the variance in experienced shiftwork nurses' dietary behavior scores. Conclusion: Experienced nurses with child(ren) tended to have healthier diets. However, a higher level of occupational stress related to occupational climate, depression, and engaging in an inadequate amount of physical activity were associated with a higher risk of having an unhealthy diet. Therefore, strategies are needed to encourage physical activity and alleviate adverse occupational climate and depression among experienced nurses.