• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.209-215
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• 1993

The aim of the present study was to derive regression equations for $\dot{V}o_{2max}\;vs.\;\dot{V}o_{2peak},\;and\;\dot{V}o_2\;vs.$ heart rate, exercise time, and other variables from maximal exercise tests on a treadmill using the Bruce and inclined protocols. Twelve male and 10 female Korean college students aged between 19 and 23 years voIunteered for this study. After the resting measurements, the subjects performed a maximal exercise on a treadmill according to the Bruce protocol. When the resting conditions were restored, the subjects performed another maximal exercise according to an inclined protocol where the speed was fixed at 8.05 $km{\cdot}h^{-1}$ and the grade was incremented starting from 09t by 2.5% for every 2 min. Peak $\dot{V}o_2$ observed during the Bruce exercise $(\dot{V}o_{2peak})$ was $37.7{\pm}2.4\;and\;31.7{\pm}1.8\;ml\;kg^{-1}\;min^{-1}$ in the male and female groups, respectively. Peak $\dot{V}o_2$ observed during the inclined exercise was higher than $\dot{V}o_{2peak}$ during the Bruce exercise. Maximum $\dot{V}o_2$ value observed during the tyro exercises $(\dot{V}o_{2max})$ was $43.0{\pm}2.8\;and\;36.2{\pm}1.4\;ml\;kg^{-1}\;min^{-1}$ in the male and female groups, respectively. Thus, $\dot{V}o_{2peak}$ by the Bruce protocol was about 12% (male) or 13% (female) lower than $\dot{V}o_{2max}$, and a linear relationship was found between $\dot{V}o_{2peak}$ and $\dot{V}o_{2max}$. The peak values of % $\dot{V}o_{max}$ with the Bruce protocol were $89.2{\pm}3.3\;and\;87.5{\pm}3.6%$ and those with the inclined protocol $97.7{\pm}1.8\;and\;96.9{\pm}2.0%$ in the male and female groups, respectively. In the female group, $%\dot{V}o_{2max}$ at a given workload was higher than in the male group, while $\dot{V}o_{2}$ per kg body weight was the same. Maximum HR observed during the two exercises was $204{\pm}2\;and\;195{\pm}3\;beat\;min^{-1}$ in the male and female groups, respectively. Linear relationships were found, excluding the last points, between 1) $\dot{V}o_{2}$ and exercise time, 2) $\dot{V}o_{2}$ and $%\dot{V}o_{2max}\;and\;%HR_{max}$.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2011

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to investigate the effectiveness of Pilates exercise on Fitness Factors related to motor performance including flexibility, agility, power, balance, and muscle endurance. Methods: Forty subjects were randomly allocated to one of two groups. The Pilates group did Pilates exercises 3 times a week for 8weeks, 60 minutes each time, and submitted to evaluation of protocols to assess sitting and reaching tests, a standing broad jump test, a side step test, a balance test using a Biodex Stability System, and muscle endurance using CSMI. Results: The Pilates group (n=20) participated in Pilates exercises three times in a week for eight weeks. The results show significant post-test differences in the Pilates group in the following areas: flexibility, agility, power, balance and muscle endurance. There was no significant increase in the control group. Post-exercise, there was no significant difference between the Pilates and control group. Conclusion: The Pilates method can offer significant improvement in personal flexibility, agility, power, balance, and muscle endurance. This study suggests that individuals can improve their Fitness Factors related to motor performance using Pilates exercises that do not require equipment or a high degree of skill. Further study is required to quantify the benefits of Pilates exercise.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2005

Pharmacologic stress testing for myocardial perfusion imaging is a widely used noninvasive method for the evaluation of known or suspected coronary artery disease. The use of exercise for cardiac stress has been practiced for over 60 years and clinicians are familial with its using. However, there are inevitabe situations in which exorcise stress is inappropriate. A large number of patients with cardiac problems are unable to exercise to their full potential due to comorbidity such as osteoarthritis, vascular disease and pulmonary disease and a standard exercise stress test for myocardial perfusion imaging is suboptimal means for assessment of coronary artery disease. This problem has led to the development of the pharmacologic stress test and to a great increase in its popularity. All of the currently used pharmacologic agents have well-documented diagnostic value. This review deals the physiological actions, clinical protocols, safety, nuclear imaging applications of currently available stress agents and future development of new vasodilating agents.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1712-1717
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• 2009

이 연구의 목적은 자전거 에르고미터 점증 부하 운동 검사를 통하여 4가지 다른 운동 검사시간 프로토콜(protocol)이 최대 산소 섭취량($VO_2$max)과 산소 섭취량 정체($VO_2$plateau)에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 비교 분석하는 것이다. 연구를 위하여 설정된 운동 시간 프로토콜은 5, 8, 12 그리고 16분이다. 평균 이상의 자전거 운동 능력을 지닌 20명의 자발적 피 실험자들이 연구에 참여하였다. 8분 프로토콜의 평균 최대 산소 섭취량($3.66{\pm}0.88\;l/min$)은 통계적으로(p<0.05) 12분($3.49{\pm}0.76\;l/min$)과 16분 프로토콜의($3.45{\pm}0.73\;l/min$) 최대 산소 섭취량보다 높게 제시되었다. 5분 프로토콜의 평균 최대 산소 섭취량은 두 번째로 높은 수치를 나타냈으나, 통계적으로 12분과 16분 프로토콜의 최대 산소 섭취량과는 다르지 않았다(p>0.05). 평균 최대 운동 강도(average maximal power output)는 운동 검사시간들이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 5분 프로토콜의 평균 최대 운동 강도가 8분 프로토콜 보다 12%, 12분 프로토콜 보다 24%, 그리고 16분 프로토콜 보다 35% 높게 나타났다. 산소 섭취량 정체($VO_2$plateau)는 5분 프로토콜에서 12.5%, 8분 프로토콜에서 56.25%, 12분 프로토콜에서 37.5%, 그리고 16분 프로토콜에서 56.25%의 빈도를 보였다. 이 연구는 평균 이상의 운동 능력을 지닌 피 실험자에게는 6분에서 10분 사이의 검사시간이 적합하다고 제안하고 있다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2020

PURPOSE: This study aimed to propose an exercise technique that helps improve the skeletal muscle function while suppressing the symptoms of respiratory distress, by mediating squat exercises in whole-body vibration for patients with severe COPD, and comparing the post intervention pulmonary function and activity of quadriceps. METHODS: Totally, 21 patients with severe COPD were randomly assigned to two groups through clinical sampling: experimental group I included 11 patients (Squat exercise combined with whole-body vibration exercise), and experimental group II included 10 patients (Only squat exercise). Before intervention, we measured pulmonary function using a pulmonary function tester, muscle activity of quadriceps using surface EMG, and gait ability using the 6MWT. RESULTS: Comparison of intra-group changes in both experimental groups showed a significant increase in the activity of rectus femoris, vastus medialis, and vastus lateralis, and also in the 6MWT. Intra-group comparisons also revealed significant difference in the activity of rectus femoris, vastus medialis, and vastus lateralis (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Squat exercise combined with whole-body vibration significantly increased the activity of the quadriceps muscle, suggesting that this intervention helps maintain the function of skeletal muscles and prevent muscle atrophy. Therefore, studies to develop protocols using whole body vibration in clinical practice as an exercise method can safely be performed in severe COPD patients, as considered necessary.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to provide a new assessment of rotator cuff muscle activity. Eight male subjects (24.7 ± 3.2 years old,171.2 ± 9.8 cm tall, and weighing 63.8 ± 11.9 kg) performed the study exercises. The subjects performed 10 sets of the exercise while fixing the elbow at 90 degrees flexure and lying supine on a bed. One exercise set consisted of the subject performing external shoulder rotation 50 times using training equipment. Two imaging protocols were employed: (a) true fast imaging with steady precession (TrueFISP) at an acquisition time of 12 seconds and (b) multi-shot spin-echo echo-planar imaging (MSSE-EPI) at an acquisition time of 30 seconds for one echo. The main method of assessing rotator cuff muscle activity was functional T2 mapping using ultrafast imaging (fast-acquired muscle functional MRI [fast-mfMRI]). Fast-mfMRI enabled real-time imaging for the identification and evaluation of the degree of muscle activity induced by the exercise. Regions of interest were set at several places in the musculus subscapularis (sub), musculus supraspinatus (sup), musculus teres minor (ter), and deltoid muscle (del). We used the MR signal of the images and transverse relaxation time (T2) for comparison. Most of the TrueFISP signal was not changed by exercise and there was no significant difference from the resting values. Only the T2 in the musculus teres minor was increased after one set and the change were seen on the T2 images. Additionally, except for those after one and two sets, the changes in T2 were significant compared to those at rest (P < 0.01). We also demonstrated identify and visualize the extent to which muscles involved in muscle activity by exercise. In addition, we showed that muscle activity in a region such as a shoulder, which is susceptible to B0 inhomogeneity, could be easily detected using this technique.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2021

Background: The increase in the activity of the upper trapezius (UT) muscle and decrease in the activity of the serratus anterior (SA) and lower trapezius (LT) muscle produce an abnormal scapulohumeral rhythem. Therefore, the SA is the focus of therapeutic exercise protocols for the rehabilitation. This study aimed to compare the activity of the muscles according to resistance levels during protraction exercise. Methods: Thirteen healthy 20 to 30 years old male and female subjected participated in the study. All subjects performed the scapular protraction exercise with the weights of 0, 5, and 10kg, combined with horizontal shoulder abduction and adduction. The electromyography data of the SA, UT, and pectoralis major (PM) during the exercise were recorded using surface electrodes. The ratios of PM/SA and UT/SA were calculated. Repeated one-way ANOVA was used to determine the statistical significance. Results: There was a significant difference in the muscle activity of the SA and PM (p<.05). Specifically, SA had the highest activity and PM had the lowest activity at an abduction resistance 10kg (p<.01). There was a significant difference in the ratios of UT/SA and PM/SA (p<.05). The ratio of PM/SA was the lowest at the abduction resistance of 10kg (p<.01). Conclusion: According to this study, for the selective activation of the serratus anterior, protraction exercises should be applied as a method of adding resistance to protraction and horizontal abduction.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.723-728
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• 2003

The physical restoration technology for lower limb amputees is being advanced as the biomechatronics is being applied to the area of rehabilitation. As the advanced prosthetics for lower limb amputees are introduced, a suitable prescription of biomechanical rehabilitation training becomes important to utilize the advanced full features of the devices. Since lower limb amputation significantly affects biomechanical balance of mosculoskeletal system for gait, an appropriate and optimal biomechanical training and exercise should be provided to rebalance the system before wearing the prostheses. Particularly, biomechanical muscular training for hip movements in the both affected and sound lower limbs is important to achieve a normal-like ambulation. However, there is no study to understand the effect of hip muscle strength on the gait performance of lower limb amputees. To understand the hip muscle strength characteristics for normal and amputated subjects, the isokinetic exercises for various ratios of concentric contraction to eccentric contraction were performed for hip flexion-extension and adduction-abduction. As a results. biomechanical isokinetic training protocols and performance measurement methodologies for lower limb amputees were developed in this study. Using the protocols and measurement methods, it has been understood that the appropriate and optimal biomechanical prescription for the rehabilitation process for lower limb amputees is important for restoring their gait ability

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.397-405
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 전신진동이 결합된 들숨근 훈련을 적용하여 뇌졸중 환자의 호흡기능 개선 및 다리근육의 기능향상을 위한 운동방법을 제시하는 것이다. 뇌졸중 환자 21명을 임상 표본추출하여 호흡운동을 결합한 전신진동운동을 적용한 집단 11명을 실험군I로, 호흡운동을 결합한 위약운동을 적용한 집단 10명을 실험군II로 각각 무작위 배치하여 5주 간, 4일/주, 1회/일, 4세트/1회 중재 프로그램을 시행하였다. 중재 전 최대들숨압 측정기로로 호흡기능을 측정하였고, 표면 근전도로 하지 근활성도를 측정하였으며, 버그발란스 검사를 사용하여 균형능력을 측정한 후, 5주 후에 사후검사를 사전검사와 동일하게 재 측정하여 분석하였다. 실험군I의 집단 내 변화 비교에서는 호흡근력, 넙다리두갈래근, 앞정강근의 활성도 및 균형에서 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.05). 실험군II의 집단 내 변화 비교에서는 호흡근력과 균형에서 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.05). 집단 간 변화 비교에서는 넙다리두갈래근, 앞정강근의 활성도에서 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.01). 향후에도 신경근 기능을 향상시키기 위한 호흡운동과 전신진동에 대한 프로토콜에 대한 연구가 지속적으로 필요할 것으로 여겨진다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.102-110
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• 2006

To improve trunk stability, various exercise protocols were introduced into the clinical field. Trunk and lumbar stability exercises on unstable surfaces are especially recommended to improve lumbar stability. The purpose of this study was to compare abdominal oblique muscle activity during leg raising in hook-lying position among 3 different type of surface conditions (on floor (F), vestibular board (VB), and foam roll (FR)). Sixteen able-bodied volunteers, who had no medical history of lower extremity or lumbar spine disease, were recruited for this study. Surface electromyography (EMG) activity was recorded from the internal and external oblique muscles of both sides. The normalized EMG activity was compared using a one-way repeated ANOVA. The results showed that the EMG activities of the internal oblique and external oblique of the lifted leg side during straight leg raising significantly increased under the FR condition when compared to the F condition. There was no significant difference of the EMG activity in abdominal oblique muscles between the VB and the FR conditions. The EMG activity of the internal oblique of supported leg side during the straight leg raising was significantly greater under the FR condition than the VB and F conditions (p<.05). The composition ratio of EMG activity of internal oblique muscles during straight leg raising was significantly increased under the FR condition. Therefore, straight leg raising exercise on foam roll in hook lying position could be beneficial to improve trunk and lumbar stability.