• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.9-24
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• 1999

Guillain-Barre syndrome(GBS) is one of the common motor unit diseases and defined as acute postinfectious polyneuropathy, It is not known most effective medical intervention for GBS, but generally benefits from an intensive physical therapy program. In this report, hydrotherapy was applied for a patient with GBS to improve muscle power and functional abilities. Two weeks later, the patient's functional abilities, muscle power, and physical endurance were improved without complications. Since the hydrotherapy does not load maximally to the patient with GBS, the patient can exercise himself actively for the maximal tolerance. It is the reason of fast recovery. In summary, the hydrotherapy is important to the patient with GBS and it must apply to these patients more frequently.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.126-131
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• 2022

The number of joint disease patients is increasing every year. Currently, the most CPM(Continuous Passive Motion) equipment uses expensive imported equipment, and one CPM equipment is designed to be used only in one joint, medical personnel or hospitals who are the main users of the medical equipment need to have several types of CPMs for joint rehabilitation. To solve this problem, this paper designed a multifunctional joint medical equipment that enables rehabilitation of knee, shoulder, and elbow joints in one CPM equipment and includes general, intensive, and adaptive exercise functions for effective treatment according to the patient's condition. The patient's condition was diagnosed using a load cell and a current sensor. In this paper, effective rehabilitation methods were presented and high reliability and precision of medical equipment was confirmed through experiments using potentiometer, encoder, and PI controller.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제89권4호
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• pp.399-409
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• 2024

Assessment of existing concrete bridges is a challenge for owners. It has greater economic impact when compared to designing new bridges. When using conventional linear analyses, judgment of the engineer is required to understand the behavior of redundant structures after the first element in the structural system reaches its ultimate capacity. The alternative is to use a predictive tool such as advanced nonlinear finite element analyses (ANFEA) to assess the overall structural behavior. This paper proposes a new reliability framework for the assessment of existing bridge structures using ANFEA. A general framework defined in previous works, accounting for material uncertainties and concrete model performance, is adapted to the context of the assessment of existing bridges. A "shifted" reliability problem is defined under the assumption of quasi-deterministic dead load effects. The overall exercise is viewed as a progressive pushover analysis up to structural failure, where the actual safety index is compared at each event to a target reliability index.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.287-295
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• 2016

Involuntary physical activity induced by the avoidance of electrical shock leads to improved endurance exercise capacity in animals. However, it remains unknown whether voluntary stand-up physical activity (SPA) without forced simulating factors improves endurance exercise capacity in animals. We examined the effects of SPA on body weight, cardiac function, and endurance exercise capacity for 12 weeks. Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 8 weeks, n=6 per group) were randomly assigned to a control group (CON) or a voluntary SPA group. The rats were induced to perform voluntary SPA (lifting a load equal to their body weight), while the food height (18.0 cm) in cages was increased progressively by 3.5 every 4 weeks until it reached 28.5 cm for 12 weeks. The SPA group showed a lower body weight compared to the CON group, but voluntary SPA did not affect the skeletal muscle and heart weights, food intake, and echocardiography results. Although the SPA group showed higher grip strength, running time, and distance compared to the CON group, the level of irisin, corticosterone, genetic expression of mitochondrial biogenesis, and nuclei numbers were not affected. These findings show that voluntary SPA without any forced stimuli in rats can effectively reduce body weight and enhance endurance exercise capacity, suggesting that it may be an important alternative strategy to enhance endurance exercise capacity.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.574-582
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• 1997

연구배경 : 정상인에서는 운동부하시 증가되는 환기량의 요구를 초기에는 상시호흡량의 증가로 후기에는 호흡수의 증가로 충족시키며, 호흡수 증가에 따라 유발되는 호흡주기의 감소를 보상하기 위해 흡기책임비율이 50% 이상까지 증가하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 반면 만성기도폐쇄 환자에서는 환기능력의 감소와 생리적 사강 호흡의 증가로 인해 최대운동부하시 얕고 빠른 호흡양상을 보인다고 알려져 있지만 책임비율의 변화에 대해서는 연구가 많지 않고 이와 기도폐쇄정도와의 관련성에 대해서는 보고가 없는 실정이다. 방 법 : 12명의 만성기도폐쇄 환자와 10명의 정상인을 대조로 점진적 최대운동부하검사를 실시하였다. 결과 분석은 안정시에서 최대운동부하시점까지의 시간을 100%로 하여 rest, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, max 등% control duration으로 분획한 후 각 시점에서 1분 환기량, 상시호흡량, 호흡수, 생리적 사강비율, 흡기책임비율 등의 지표를 양군 간에 비교하였다. 결 과 : 1분환기량과 상시호흡량의 안정시에서 최대운동시까지의 변화는 양군 간에 유의한 차이가 관찰되었으나 호흡수는 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 생리적사강 비율은 정상대조군에 비해 만성기도폐쇄군에서 그 감소가 유의하게 낮았다. 흡기책임비율은 정상대조군에서 $38.4{\pm}3.0%$에서 $48.6{\pm}4.5%$로 증가한 반면 만성기도폐쇄군에서는 $40.5{\pm}2.2%$에서 $42.6{\pm}3.5%$로 별 변화가 없어 양군간에 유의한 변화의 차이가 있음을 확인할 수 있었고 이러한 흡기책임비율의 변화는 기도폐쇄정도 (FEV1%)와 유의한 상관관계가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. (r=0.8151, p<0.05). 결 론 : 이상의 결과에서 만성기도폐쇄 환자는 최대운동부하시 정상에서 관찰되는 흡기책임비율의 증가가 발생하지 않으며 이는 기도폐쇄의 정도와 유의한 상관성을 갖고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.83-90
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• 1967

In order to evaluate the accuracy of the measurement of maximal oxygen intake (MOI), the MOI in seven subjects was determined 3 to 4 times in each individual. Following a 10 minute warm-up on treadmill (4.3 km/hr with 9 degree grade), the subject was asked to run at a speed of 8.73 km/hr on treadmill for a period of 3 minutes at a given grade which was elevated in a step-wise manner from zero to the level of exhaustion. Following a 3 minute run, the subject was allowed to rest for a period of 3 to 5 minutes. During each period of running, several cardio-pulmonary functions were determined and the range of variability for each measurement was computed. The oxygen consumption during the maximal work load was taken as the MOI. The results may be summarized as follows: (1) The minute volume, the oxygen consumption and the heart rate increased linearly until the grade was elevated to 9 degree above which these values were leveled off. (2) The minute volume and the heart rate during maximal exorcise were $87.4{\pm}8.10\;1/min\;and\;187{\pm}3.7$ per minute, respectively. (3) The maximal oxygen intake which corresponds to the oxygen consumption during maximal exercise was averaged to 3.04 1/min. (4) The coefficient of variance for the maximal oxygen intake was 6.32% while the corresponding values for the minute volume and the heart rate during maximal exercise were 5.22 and 2. 14%, respectively.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2004

This study was designed to determine the effects of different widths in the base of support (BOS) on trunk and lower extremity muscle activation during upper extremity exercise. Twenty-seven healthy male subjects volunteered for this study. Exercises were performed for a total of 10 trials with a load of 10 repetitions maximum (10 RM) for each of the various widths of BOS (10 cm, 32 cm, 45 cm). The width of a BOS is the distance between each medial malleoli when a subject was in a comfortable standing position. Electromyography was used to determine muscle activation. Surface bipolar electrodes were applied over the tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius, biceps femoris, rectus femoris, gluteus maximus, upper rectus abdominis, and elector spinae muscle. Electromyographic (EMG) root mean square (RMS) signal intensity was normalized to 5 seconds of EMG obtained with a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). The data were analyzed by atwo-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated-measures ($3{\times}7$) and Bonferroni post hoc test. The results were as follows: (1) There were significant differences in the width of the BOS (p=.006). (2) The post hoc test showed significant differences with the BOS between 10 cm and 32 cm, between 10 cm and 45 cm and between 32 cm and 35 cm (p=.008, p=.003, p=.011). (3) There was no interaction with the BOS and muscle. (p=.438) There were no significant differences in the muscle activation (p=.215).

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of different external loads on the muscle activities around the hip during prone hip extension with knee flexion (PHEKF) exercise in healthy young men. METHODS: Sixteen healthy adult males participated in the study. A pressure biofeedback unit was used to provide feedback to the participants during the abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) with PHEKF. Sandbags (0 kg, 1 kg, 2 kg, and 3 kg) were used to provide external resistance. The quadriceps was contracted to maintain knee flexion 90° against resistance. Each resistance condition using a sandbag weight was given in random order. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to measure the electrical activity of the gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, and erector spinae during PHEKF. RESULTS: The muscle activity of the gluteus maximus was highest with the 3 kg resistance and lowest with 0 kg (F = 128.46, P = .00). The muscle activities of the biceps femoris and erector spinae were highest with 0 kg and lowest with 3 kg (F = 29.49, P = .00). The muscle activity rate of the gluteus maximus/biceps femoris was highest with 3 kg and lowest with 0 kg (F = 37.49, P = .00). CONCLUSION: The activity of the gluteus maximus was increased using a higher external weight load during PHEKF, while the activity of the biceps femoris decreased. These findings suggest that an external weight is needed during hip extensor exercise to strengthen the gluteus maximus and inhibit the biceps femoris.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2013

Active straight-leg raise (ASLR) is a physical evaluation procedure to test lumbar spine stability. Several previous studies have reported various methods to control the activation of abdominal muscles during ASLR. We investigated the effects of three different hip positions in frontal plane on abdominal muscles to increase or decrease the difficulty level of lumbar spine stability exercise during ASLR in pain free subjects. Eleven young and healthy subjects voluntarily participated in this study (6 men, 5 women; mean age=$24.0{\pm}1.2$ years, height=$160.0{\pm}7.3cm$, weight=$55.0{\pm}10.6kg$, body mass index=$21.5{\pm}2.3kg/m^2$). The subjects had three trials on each ASLR with hip $10^{\circ}$ adduction, neutral hip, and hip $30^{\circ}$ abduction. Separate repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the post hoc Bonferroni tests (with ${\alpha}$=.05/3=.017) were performed for each muscle among the three different hip positions in frontal plane (ASLR with hip $10^{\circ}$ adduction, neutral hip, and hip $30^{\circ}$ abduction). The ipsilateral external oblique (EO), contralateral EO, ipsilateral internal oblique/transverse abdominis (IO/TrA), and contralateral IO/TrA were significantly greater in ASLR with hip $30^{\circ}$ abduction compared with ASLR with hip $10^{\circ}$ adduction. Also, the ipsilateral EO, contralateral EO, and ipsilateral IO/TrA were significantly greater in ASLR with hip $30^{\circ}$ abduction compared with ASLR with neutral hip. These results suggest that ASLR with hip $30^{\circ}$ abduction and neutral would be useful method to strengthen the EO and IO/TrA. And, ASLR with hip $10^{\circ}$ adduction would be effective in early stages of lumbar stabilization program due to low activation of EO and IO/TrA during maintaining of ASLR position with low load.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.398-405
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• 1999

한려해상국립공원 남해도지구에 위치한 금산의 등산로를 대상으로 하여 등산로에 설치된 계단의 물리적 특성을 조사한 결과, 등산로 총 연장 2,126m 중에 계단이 설치된 구간은 15개 구간이며, 총 길이는 1,000.4m로 나타났다. 대다수의 등산로 계단구역의 물매는 20~40%로 나타났으나, 11번 구간, 12번 구간과 같이 경사도 45.7%, 58.4%의 계단이 268.5m, 188.6m인 구간과 13번 구간과 같이 물매가 67.8%의 급경사 등산로 구간도 설치되어 있었다. 계단형 등산로에서 등산시 탐방객이 느끼는 운동강도를 조사한 결과, 전체 구간에 있어서 등산시의 심박수는 약 104~184회/분으로 나타났으며, 계단형 등산로 구간 중 11번 구간과 12번 구간, 그리고 13번 구간의 등산시 심박수 증가율, 운동강도지수, %HRmax는 각각 166.5%, 89.1%, 92.9%와 167.4%, 89.6%, 93.2%, 그리고 157.8%, 84.5%, 89.9%로 조사되었다.