• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.817-822
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• 1995

Even though back pain therapy has greatly improved as spinal bio-mechanics is introduced, many patients still have difficulties due to low back pain. At the initial therapeutic stage, the aim of rehabilitation therapy for low back pain is pain control, but, at the later therapeutic stage, the prime aims are to reduce the late complication and to prevent the recurrence of low back pain. Accurate diagnosis should be a first step before any therapy is planned. Thus, accurate physical, neurologic, E.M.G. and radiologic tests are required to give prescription for therapeutic exercise to the patients. In addition to this, the roles of theraphists and therapeutic exercise should be re-evaluated after the therapeutic exercise is performed. Fist of all, the most important things are to educate the patients to understand the low back pain and to let the patients join the therapeutical planning. 1. Bed rest and muscle relaxing exercise for releasing the muscle tention are required for the treatment of acute low back pain. An active exercise is recommended rather than a passive exercise. If the therapeutic exercise depravate the low back pain, the exercise should be immediately terminated and the therapeutical exercise should be replanned. 2. For the treatment of the chronic back pain, stretching exercise and para-spinal muscle strengthening exercise should be performed steadily and actively to prevent the recurrence of low back pain and the low back injury due to minor damage. The patients should be educated to do proper exercise and to maintain good posture in everyday life. 3. As the low back pain is released and the body function is recovered, control of whole body function is necessary. Swiming, bicycling and walking for $30\sim40$ minutes a day and $3\sim4$ days a week are recommended. Other exercise could be recommended depending on the patients condition.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.181-190
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• 2021

Sports activities conducted by multiple people are difficult to proceed in a situation where a widespread epidemic such as COVID-19 is spreading, and this causes a lack of physical activity in modern people. This problem can be overcome by using online exercise contents, but it is difficult to check detailed postures such as during face-to-face exercise. In this study, we present a model that detects posture and tracks movement using IT system for better non-face-to-face exercise content management. The proposed motion tracking model defines a body model with reference to motion analysis methods widely used in physical education and defines posture and movement accordingly. Using the proposed model, it is possible to recognize and analyze movements used in exercise, know the number of specific movements in the exercise program, and detect whether or not the exercise program is performed. In order to verify the validity of the proposed model, we implemented motion tracking and exercise program tracking programs using Azure Kinect DK, a markerless motion capture device. If the proposed motion tracking model is improved and the performance of the motion capture system is improved, more detailed motion analysis is possible and the number of types of motions can be increased.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.16-32
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• 2024

Background: Exercise equipments and assistive devices for the disabled are being developed, but improvements for usability are still needed. The purpose of this study was to improve and utilize the developed exercise equipment and assistance devices by conducting usability test for people with spinal cord injury. Design: Cross-sectional Study. Methods: Scenarios and usability indicators were derived by conducting a preliminary usability test, 5 non-disabled men and women aged 19 or older. In the scenario, a total of 9 tasks were sequentially performed, including 2 tasks of entry and exit, 5 tasks of assistance devices and weight stack adjustment, and 2 tasks of pre exercise and exercise. The usability indicators were task success (success or fail), execution time (sec), safety, and convenience. For safety, 7 questions (Likert scale, 1~5 point) related to safety, stability and hazard were derived, and for convenience, the system usability scale (SUS score) was used (range: 0~100, 50 percentile rank is 68 point). Results: As a result of the usability test of people with spinal cord injury, there was a large variation among subjects in the task of adjusting the position of the pulley and support in the execution time (11.64~25.44 seconds), and one person failed to adjust the pulley. The safety level showed a lower score (score = 3 points) than other items in the item of entrapment or skin pressure, and in the case of SUS, the average score was 64.5 points, which was close to the acceptable level. Conclusion: Through the usability test, it was confirmed that exercise equipment for the disabled needs improvement in operability, pinching, and pressure, and that it is necessary to develop an assistive device that provides unrestrained posture information (biofeedback) to maintain correct posture during exercise.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.529-542
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to utilize technology as basic data for smart clothing product research and development. This technology can recognize user's motion according to characteristics types and functions of wearable smart clothing products. In order to analyze the case of motion recognition products, we searched for previous research data and cases referred to as major keywords in leading search engines, Google and Naver. Among the searched cases, information on the characteristics and major functions of the 42 final products selected on the market are examined in detail. Motion recognition for smart clothing products is classified into four body types: head & face, body, arms & hands, and legs & feet. Smart clothing products was developed with various items, such as hats, glasses, bras, shirts, pants, bracelets, rings, socks, shoes, etc., It was divided into four functions health care type for prevention of injuries, health monitor, posture correction, sports type for heartbeat and exercise monitor, exercise coaching, posture correction, convenience for smart controller and security and entertainment type for pleasure. The function of the motion recognition smart clothing product discussed in this study will be a useful reference when designing a motion recognition smart clothing product that is blended with IT technology.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Medicine & Therapy Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.31-37
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of closed chain lower limb exercise with abdominal breathing exercise on stroke patients and their effects on trunk control ability and balance. Method: The subjects were 40 stroke patients, 19 patients in the experimental group and 18 patients in the control group. The period was 5 weeks, 5 times a week, 30 minutes per session. The experimental group was subjected to a closed chain lower limb exercise with abdominal breathing exercise and the control group was subjected to a closed chain lower limb exercise. The posture assessment scale for stroke(PASS), trunk impairment scale(TIS) were used for trunk adjustment ability, and the balance ability was measured as center of pressure(COP) and limit of stability(LOS). Results: Results of this study showed that the PASS and TIS test significantly increased the experimental group compared to the control group. As a result of comparing the changes of pre and post intervention intervals between the two groups, the TIS test was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group, but the LOS test was not significantly increased in the experimental group. Conclusion: Closed chain lower limb exercise with abdominal breathing exercise showed a significant improvement in the trunk control and balance ability of the stroke patients compared to the closed chain lower limb exercise without the abdominal breathing exercise.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.62-70
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• 2018

Background: The craniocervical flexion (CCF) exercise is one of the effective exercise in correcting forward head posture (FHP). However, some people with FHP achieve CCF with compensatory movements, for example, low cervical flexion using superficial neck flexors such as the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle. No study has yet investigated whether a dual­pres ure biofeedback unit (D-PBU) method to prevent low cervical flexion would be helpful in performing pure CCF movement. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of the CCF using D-PBU method and the traditional CCF method on the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the longus colli muscle (LCM) and the activity of SCM muscle in subjects with FHP. Methods: Twenty­four FHP subjects (male: 16, female: 8) were recruited for this study. All subjects performed CCF using two different methods: the traditional CCF method and the CCF using D-PBU method. The CSA of the LCM was measured via ultrasound, and surface electromyography was used to measure SCM muscle activity. Results: The change in CSA of the LCM was significantly larger during the CCF using D-PBU method ($1.28{\pm}.09$) compared with the traditional CCF method ($1.19{\pm}.08$) (p<.05). The SCM muscle activity using the CCF using D-PBU method ($2.01{\pm}1.97$ %MVIC) was significantly lower than when using the traditional CCF method ($2.79{\pm}2.32$ %MVIC) (p<.05). Conclusion: The CCF using D-PBU method can be recommended for increasing LCM activation and decreasing SCM muscle activity during CCF movement in subjects with FHP.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.341-347
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the change to the muscle activity from the serratus anterior(SA) of 5th and 7th, upper trapezius(UT), middle trapezius(MT) lower trapezius (LT), and pectoralis major(PM) when push-up plus exercise(PUP) is performed in four postures. 25 healthy, young participants performed various PUP convergence exercise(general posture, $90^{\circ}$, $120^{\circ}$ and BOSU). The muscle activity of the shoulder stability muscles was measured using a surface EMG analysis system during various PUP convergence exercise. One-way repeated-measure of ANOVA was conducted to comparison the activity of each muscle. There was significant difference in SA7, PM, UT, and MT (p <.05) during various PUP. The muscle activity of SA7 had a significance difference between PUP and $90^{\circ}PUP$ or BOSUPUP respectively (p <.05). The muscle activity of PM had a significance difference between $90^{\circ}PUP$ and PUP or BOSUPUP (p <.05). The muscle activity of UT had a significance differnce between $90^{\circ}PUP$ and PUP or BOSUPUP (p <.05). The muscle activity of MT had a significance differnce between $90^{\circ}PUP$ and PUP and also significantly difference PUP and $120^{\circ}PUP$(p <.05). These results suggest that general PUP can be a useful to improve to scapular stabilizer muscle in who has no shoulder dysfunction.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.59-64
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• 2008

The aims of this study were to compare and analyze two types of deep cervical flexion exercises, craniocervical flexion and cervical flexion, and to ascertain their relative effects on neck and shoulder pain and functional improvement. The participants of the study were individuals who work in sedentary jobs in an office environment. 54 appropriate subjects were chosen and randomly divided into two groups: one group underwent a craniocervical flexion exercise program and the other a cervical flexion exercise program. The six week exercise program consisted of home exercises performed by each subject five times a week and education once a week. Neck-shoulder pain, muscle strengthening, cervical alignment were measured prior to commencement of the exercise programs and again after six weeks. At completion of the six week, both exercise programs decreased neck pain (p<.05). Forward head postures were reduced, and the craniocervical flexion exercise program was more effective in reducing forward head posture (p<.05). The maximum muscle strength and 50% of maximum muscle strength maintaining time of the deep cervical flexor muscles were significantly increased. There were no significant changes of the cervical lordotic curve. The results of this study showed deep cervical flexion exercise was effective in the treatment of neck and shoulder pain, however craniocervical flexion exercise was more effective than cervical flexion exercise.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2023

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of lowintensity resistance exercise combined with blood flow restriction on muscle activity and muscle fatigue to determine if such a combination may be an alternative to high-intensity resistance exercise in maintaining the muscle mass and strength and preventing degenerative loss of skeletal muscle and to provide basic data for presenting the effectiveness of exercise. METHODS: The interventions were provided for five weeks, four sessions a week, once a day, 60 minutes a session to Experimental group I (n = 13), in which low-intensity resistance exercise was applied by combining blood flow restriction with the biceps curl and experimental group II (n = 12), in which only high-intensity resistance exercise was applied. As a pre-test, the biceps brachii muscle activity and fatigue were measured by surface electromyography, and the hemodynamic variables, such as blood pressure and heart rate, were measured. The post-test was performed identically to the pre-test and compared and analyzed with the pre-test. RESULTS: A significant difference within-group was observed in the biceps brachii muscle activity and fatigue in experimental group I and only in biceps brachii activity in experimental group II. No significant differences were observed between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Since the low-intensity resistance exercise combined with blood flow restriction has similar effects to high-intensity resistance exercise, it is considered an alternative for improving muscle function in groups unable to perform high-intensity resistance exercise.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.37-44
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• 2018

Purpose : The aim of this study is to compare the trunk muscle activities in trunk stabilization on the stable and unstable supporting surfaces using by sEMG. Methods : The subjects of this study include seventeen male. We measured sEMG activities of rectus abdominis and erector spine in subjects during trunk stabilization such as plank exercise, quadruped position, quadruped position with rising hand and foot on the stable and unstable surface. Results : sEMG activities in plank exercise was significantly higher in left rectus abdominis and left erector spine on unstable surface then stable surface (p<.05). sEMG activities of left rectus abdominis and left erector spine in quadruped position was significantly higher in unstable surface than stable surface (p<.05). In comparison with posture, Plank exercise showed a significant difference increase other postures (p<.05). Conclusion : sEMG activities of muscle in trunk stabilization was significantly higher in unstable surface than stable surface and plank exercise. So, we suggest that trunk stabilization on the unstable supporting surface and plank exercise were more effective method than stable surface to improve trunk muscles activities.