• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2007년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.197-205
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• 2007

국내에서 가축분뇨를 폐기물의 해양배출에 관한 현황 및 정부와 업계의 입장을 살펴보고, 정부(해양수산 및 농림부)와 업계(대한양돈협회 및 해양배출협회) 간의 갈등을 해결하는 대책을 검토하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.1015-1020
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• 2012

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of bacteriophage supplementation on egg performance, egg quality, excreta microflora, and moisture content in laying hens. A total of 288 Hy-line brown commercial laying hens (36-wk-old) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments in this 6-wk trial and dietary treatments included: i) CON, basal diet; ii) T1, CON+0.020% bacteriophage; iii) T2, CON+0.035% bacteriophage; iv) T3, CON+0.050% bacteriophage. There were 6 replicates for each treatment with 6 adjacent cages (2 hens/cage). Laying hens in T2 and T3 treatments had higher (p<0.05) egg production than those in CON and T1 treatments during wk 0 to 3. In addition, egg production in T1, T2, and T3 treatments was increased (p<0.05) compared with that in CON treatment during wk 4 to 6. At wk 4 and 5, birds in T2 group had higher (p<0.05) HU than those in CON. In addition, at wk 5 and 6, HU in birds fed T1 and T3 diets was greater (p<0.05) than those fed CON diet. E. coli and Salmonella spp. concentrations in excreta were decreased (p<0.05) by T1, T2, and T3 treatments. However, egg weight, egg shell color, yolk height, yolk color unit, egg shell strength, egg shell thickness, egg gravity, and excreta moisture content were not influenced by dietary treatments during the entire experimental period. In conclusion, bacteriophage supplementation has beneficial effects on egg production, egg albumen, and excreta microflora concentration in laying hens.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2012

Nutrition value of mealworm, Tenebrio molitor was analyzed due to increasing demand of usage as a protein source for domestic animals and even further for human consumption. The purpose of the present work was to determine the chemical compostion of the Tenebrio molitor larvae, adult that were maintained under standard condition for further usage of mass-rearing system and its exuvium, and excreta. Tenebrio molitor, larvae, adult, exuvium and excreta contained 46.44, 63.34, 32.87, and 18.51% protein respectively, suggested that even excreta could be used as an additional supplement in food recycling process. This protein was also rich in amino acids such as Isoleucine, leucine and Lysine which all met the nutritional value recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization. Fatty acid composition was detected with high component of oleic acid (C18:1), along with linoleic acid (C18:2) and palmitic acid (C16) in all adult, larvae, exuvium and excreta. These oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2) and palmitic acid (C16) components were the same or even highly contained in excreta of mealworm 22.29, 47.19 and 19.17% respectively. Longer chains of unsaturated fatty acids consisted of two to three double bonds are known as healthy product was recognized in large amount. These results show new ways to consume mealworms and its waste for animal and human consumption.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.278-285
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• 1993

본 시험은 요소의 시비수준을 0, 100, 200 kg/ha로 하고 가축분뇨의 시용량을 질소함량을 기준으로 0. 40, 80, 160 kg/ha로 했을 때 영년 Orchardgrass 초지의 생산성과 토양중 NO$_3$-N 함량에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1 초지의 생산성은 요소 N 시용량이 100 kg/ha 수준까지에서는 분뇨 N의 시용량의 증가에 따라 유의적인 증가를 보여 주었으나 요소 N의 시용량이 200 kg/ha 수준에서의 분뇨 160 kg/ha은 오히려 목초의 생산성을 감소시켰다. 2. 분뇨 N의 평균적인 계절 생산성은 요소 N의 시용량의 증가에 따라 1번초와 3번초의 수량은 감소되었고 2번초의 수량은 증가되었다. 3. 요소 N 및 분뇨 N의 증가는 조단백질의 함량을 증가시켰으나 분뇨 N 보다는 요소 N의 시용효과가 더 높았다. 4. N의 총 생산량은 요소 N과 분뇨 N 시용 모두 지속적인 증가를 보였으나 N의 순 생산량은 이와 반대로 N 시용량 증가에 따라 감소되어 200 kg N/ha의 요소와 160 kg/ha의 분뇨 N의 시용시에는 오히려 -63.1 kg/ha의 순 생산성을 나타내었다. 5. 요소 N과 분뇨 N의 시용에 따라 1년차 Orchardgrass 초지 토양중의 NO$_3$-N 함량은 N의 종류나 시용량간에도 서로간에 차이를 나타내지 않았으나 계절적으로는 하계, 추계, 동계의 순으로 증가하였으며, 동계에서는 34.9 ppm으로 높은 함량을 나타내었다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2009

육계의 분뇨 배설량과 그 특성을 구명하기 위해 국립축산과학원 환경 조절 계사에서 1일령 육계 암수 각각 150수에서 매주 10수씩을 선별하여 배설량을 측정하였다. 수당 일일 암수 평균 분뇨 배설량(5주령)은 85.4 g이었으며, 출하일령(35일령)까지의 총 배설량은 2,900 g이었고, 계분의 평균 수분함량은 76.9%이었다. 분뇨(5~7주령)의 N, $P_2O_5$ 및 $K_2O$는 각각 1.19, 0.29 및 0.49%이었으며, 오염 물질 중 pH는 7.80, $BOD_5$ 42,134 mg/L, $COD_{mn}$ 52,668 mg/L, SS 106,699 mg/L를 나타냈다. 중금속 함량을 보면, Pb은 0.803 mg/kg으로 규제 농도인 150 mg/kg보다 크게 낮았다. Cd은 검출되지 않았으며, As는 0.011 mg/kg으로 검출되었다. Hg은 0.002 mg/kg으로 규제농도인 2 mg/kg에 미치지 못하였다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2001

산란계의 분 배설량과 그 특성을 알아보고자 축산기술연구소 환경조절축사에서 산란계 초생추 45수, 19주령과 55주령 산란계 48수를 이용하여 시험을 수행하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 산란계 육성기 12주령시 배분량은 95.1g이었으며 수분함량은 77.5%였다, 도한 산란기 1일 사료섭취량은 105.1~122.9g이었고 음수량은 193.1~222.5$m\ell$였으며 분 배설량은 143.3~144.8g이었고 계분의 수분 함량은 74.7~80.5%였다. . 계분 중의 N 함량은 4.49~5.52%, ;$P_2O_5$는 육성기 1.22, 산란기 2.19~2.34%였으며 TEX>$K_2O$;는 1.23~3.52%였다. CaO는 육성기에 1.36%로 낮았으나 산란기에는 7.42~9.02%로 높았다. 3. 산란계 계분의 수질오염물질 농도는 $BOD_5$ 30.122, $COD_{MN}$$\ell$였으며, 중금속농도는 Cu 2~5mg/$\ell$, Pb 5.43~6.23mg/$\ell$으로 낮았다. 4. 무창계사의 여름철 계분의 수분함량은 65.4%로 자연환기 개방계사 계분 81.3%보다 낮았다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.342-347
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• 2011

The effect of SNC(silver nano colloid) on the emission reduction of odors such as ammonia ($NH_3$), hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$), and methane ($CH_4$) from swine excreta was studied. Silver has been used as an universal antibiotic substance and can reduce the emission of some gases by sterilizing action. Therefore, an apparatus which produces SNC was developed and was conducted its performance test. Also, the SNC made by the apparatus was applied to swine excreta sampled from a piggery in oder to find the effect on the reduction of odor emission. An electrolysis apparatus was developed to produce SNC and its capacity was 0.024 ppm/$hr{\cdot}L$. The effects of SNC on the reduction of odor emission from swine excreta were tested for bad smell gases of ammonia ($NH_3$), hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$) and methane ($CH_4$). For ammonia gas, factorial experiments were conducted to find the effects of concentration and application rate of SNC. The test results for the different concentrations of 20 ppm, 50 ppm, and 100 ppm showed that the more concentration of SNC was increased, the more emission reduction of ammonia gas increased. From the test results about the effect of application rate, the more SNC was applied, the more emission reduction of $NH_3$ increased. In order to reduce the concentration of $NH_3$ below 5 ppm, SNC of 50 ppm is recommended to be applied at an interval of 6 hours, and is mixed with swine excreta in the volumetric ratio of 4:1. For hydrogen sulfide gas, the concentration was decreased as time went by and was reduced rapidly in the first stage of the tests for all applied concentrations of SNC (20 ppm, 50 ppm, and 100 ppm). Especially, when 100 ml of SNC with 100 ppm was applied, emission of hydrogen sulfide gas was reduced rapidly during early 4 hours after the application of SNC. And, concentration of hydrogen sulfide gas was maintained below 20 ppm after 12 hours. For methane gas, t-test showed that there was no significance on the effect of its application for all applied concentrations of SNC. Therefore, it was concluded that the application of SNC on swine excreta had no effect on the emission reduction of $CH_4$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.1000-1006
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• 2004

Selenium and vitamin E are micronutrients essential for normal health and maintenance in poultry. They are necessary in preventing free radical damage to phospholipid membranes, enzymes and other important molecules. Two experiments were conducted in a semi-commercial environment to examine the effect of Se source and vitamin E level in diet on broiler performance and meat quality. Increasing vitamin E from 50 IU to 100 IU did not affect growth performance of broilers although the 24 h drip-loss was tended to be reduced (p=0.06). There was an interaction between vitamin E and the source of Se in glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px) and Se concentration in excreta. Increasing vitamin E from 50 IU to 100 IU elevated GSH-Px and Se concentration in excreta by 42 IU/g Hb and 0.9 ppm for the organic Se group, respectively, but reduced GSH-Px and Se concentration in excreta by 16 IU/g Hb and 1.3 ppm for inorganic group, respectively. Vitamin E played no role in the feather coverage of the birds when scored on day 37. Organic Se is more effective in improving feather score and 24 h drip-loss, with a markedly higher deposition rate in breast muscle and a lower excretion rate in the excreta (p<0.05) compared to the inorganic Se source. Both vitamin E and the source of Se did not affect (p>0.05) the energy utilisation by birds.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.385-390
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• 1998

An experiment was conducted for 90 days using 9 growing bull calves (initial LW 71.5 kg) to investigate the effect of replacing til oil cake by poultry excreta on growth performance and nutrient utilization. The animals were randomly divided into three groups. The control group A was fed with conventional concentrate mixture containing til oil cake, rice bran, wheat bran, bone meal and common salt and the groups B and C were offered diets in which 50 and 100 percent of til oil cake of diet A were replaced by dried poultry excreta. All the animals were fed urea soaked rice straw ad libitum and concentrate mixture was given at the rate of 10 g per kg LW. Towards the end of growth trial a conventional digestibility trial was conducted. Average daily live weight gain was 216, 211 and 188 g for animals fed diets A, B and C, respectively. Average daily dry matter intake in groups A, B and C was 3.42, 3.37 and 3.30 kg per 100 kg LW, respectively. The daily live weight gain and dry matter intake did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) among the dietary groups. The digestibility coefficient for DM or NFE was almost similar but that for OM, CP, CF and EE was significantly different (p < 0.01) among the dietary groups. TDN percent in diets A, B and C was 57.3 53.3 and 50.8, respectively and the difference was significant (p < 0.01). Animals in all the groups were in a state of positive nitrogen balance. The results indicated that til oil cake can be replaced by dried poultry excreta in bull calf ration.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.261-268
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• 2005

본 연구는 Ceramic분말의 첨가가 산란계의 생산성, 맹장 및 배설물중 병원성 미생물(E. coli, salmolella)의 수, 배설물 중의 악취물질$(NH_3,\;H_2S,\;VFA)$ 및 난황중 지방산 조성에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해서 실시하였다. 총 360수의 34주령의 산란계를 120마리씩 3처리구로 구분하여서 Ceramic 분말 $0.0\%$ (대조구), $0.4\%$ 및 $0.8\%$를 첨가한 사료로 6주 동안의 사양시험을 실시하였다. 결론적으로 34에서 40주령의 산란계 사료에 $0.4\%$의 Ceramics 분말의 첨가는 생산성 향상, 장관내 E. coli 및 Salmonella 수가 감소되어 배설물 중의 $NH_3$ 및 VFA의 발생량 감소 및 난황중의 지방산 조성을 개선시킬 가능성이 인정되었다.