• 한국의류학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.527-536
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• 2017

This study investigated the detergency and functionality of laminating finished fabrics for outdoor wear based on repeated washing. Laminating finished fabrics were selected as the main fabrics for outdoor wear and used as test fabrics. The effects of outdoor exclusive detergent and normal neutral detergent were examined according to washing time, temperature, rpm and detergent concentration based on the use of a Terg-O-Tometer. Re-soiling of the test fabrics was measured by Florio-Mersereau. Permeability, water repellency, water resistance and absorbency were estimated to measure improvements and effects in regards to outdoor exclusive detergent in optimal washing conditions. The detergent effect of outdoor exclusive detergent was superior compared to normal neutral detergent. Re-soiling was lower with exclusive outdoor detergent than with normal neutral detergent. The measurement of functionality for laminating finished fabrics before and after washing indicated that functionality was decreased with repeated washing.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2008년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.276-280
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• 2008

Korean Classical Music, as the abbreviated wording for 'Korean Music', is being used as the indicating phraseology for our traditional music that distinguishing from Western Music, the foreign music or foreign-styled popular music. Since such Korean Classical Music has the different acoustic characteristics from Western Music, it needs its own performance space for the special exclusive-use of Korean Classical Music. Likewise, even though the demand for the performance space of special exclusive-use for Korean Classical Music where Korean Classical Music is rendering, is on increasing tendency due to the increase of national concern about traditional culture art, since it is being planned without any concrete standard or method that gratifies the supreme listening condition, it is the real situation that a securement of the satisfying acoustic condition is very difficult, after the completion of construction. On such viewpoint, in order to evaluate the acoustic characteristics of the performance space of special exclusive-use for Korean Classical Music, based on the subjective response which reflects human being's psychological attribute at first, this Study has attempted to extract the proper evaluation vocabulary for appraisement on Korean Classical Music. The abstracted vocabulary in such way would be used significantly for Subjective Response Evaluation in order for the evaluation on the Acoustic Characteristics of the performance space of special exclusive-use for Korean Classical Music.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2005년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.447-452
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• 2005

기존의 단층 퍼셉트론은 출력 노드가 선형 분리 가능한 패턴들만을 분류할 수 있고 Exclusive OR와 같은 비선형 문제에 대해서는 분류할 수 없는 단점이 있다. 그러나 퍼지 단층 퍼셉트론은 퍼지소속 함수(fuzzy membership function)를 적용하여 단층 구조로 Exclusive OR 문제와 같은 고전적인 문제를 개선하였다. 그러나 퍼지 단층 퍼셉트론은 기존의 단층 퍼셉트론과 마찬가지로 결정 경계선이 진동하는 경우가 생기며 초기 가중치의 범위와 학습률에 따라 수렴성이 매우 낮아지는 단점이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 바이어스항을 도입하여 결정 경계선이 진동하는 것을 방지하여 수렴성을 개선시키고 선형 활성화 함수를 제안하고 학습률과 모멘텀 개념을 도입하여 학습 시간을 단축시키는 개선된 퍼지 단층 퍼셉트론 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 방법과 퍼지 단층 퍼셉트론간의 학습 성능을 분석하기 위하여 인공 신경망에서 벤치마크로 사용되는 exclusive OR 문제와 문자 패턴 분류에 적용하여 epoch 수와 수렴성을 비교한 결과, 제안된 방법이 기존의 퍼지 단층 퍼셉트론보다 학습 시간이 적게 소요되고 수렴성이 개선된 것을 확인하였다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.388-393
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• 2014

Energy consumption unit in a building is classified according to uses of electricity, gas, and oil, and it has been studied steadily as a material for establishing policy standards for energy saving in buildings. Meanwhile, consumption unit in apartment house can be calculated differently according to its survey method and area standard. Therefore, with the necessity of reestablishing energy consumption unit, this study has researched thermal energy consumption, Supply dwelling area Exclusive dwelling area, completion year and housing type of 23,791 households of 31 complex in Daejeon. As a result, (1) there was about 20% difference between supply and exclusive dwelling areas. (2) On the basis of exclusive dwelling area, thermal energy consumption unit was calculated as $104.9kWh/m^2{\cdot}a$ in 2010, $104.6kWh/m^2{\cdot}a$ in 2011, and $107.7kWh/m^2{\cdot}a$ in 2012.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제31권
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• pp.309-330
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• 2013

This paper aims to examine distribution and patterns of Women(我們) on Chinese conversation textbook, and also suggest that Chinese class need to impose pragmatic perspective. For this purpose, this paper explores 35 Womens in 42 conversation units on three Chinese textbooks Hanyu Kouyu vol.1~3 at first. Women is more contributed on 'exclusive Women' among three categories (inclusive, exclusive, borrowed) than other two categories, is also contributed on 'symbolic usage' than 'gestural usage'. Second, this paper examines patterns of Women on the three categories. It shows: first, 'inclusive Women', 'exclusive Women', 'borrowed Women' all show up on the textbooks even though on the textbook vol.1(for beginner) surprisingly; Second, 'exclusive Women' may be a primary one of three categories in terms of the coverage of Women. Women covers those who are related with the speaker regardless of being on the spot, and also covers those which the speaker belongs to, for example, nationality, ethnicity etc. Consequently, the results show that Chinese speaking course, from now on, needs to consider pragmatic factors including existing semantic and syntactic factors, and from the pragmatic perspective, impose 'action'(including speech act, body gesture etc.) on Chinese conversation class for the learners' improvement in Chinese speaking.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.878-882
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• 2019

XOR(exclusive-OR)-XNOR(exclusive NOR) 회로는 고 성능 산술 연산에 필요한 4-2 압축 회로(4-2 compressor)의 기본 구성 요소이다. 본 논문에서는 에너지 효율이 우수한 XOR-XNOR 회로를 제안한다. 제안한 회로는 임계 경로의 내부 기생 캐패시턴스를 감소시켜 전파 지연 시간을 감소시켰으며, 모든 입력 조합의 경우에 완벽한 출력 값을 가지며 8개의 트랜지스터로 설계되었다. 기존 회로와 비교하여 제안한 회로는 전파 지연 시간이 14.5% 감소하였으며, 전력 소모는 1.7% 증가하였다. 따라서 전력 소모와 지연 시간의 곱 (power-delay product: PDP)과 에너지와 지연 시간의 곱 (energy-delay product: EDP) 각각 13.1%, 26.0% 감소하였다. 제안한 회로는 0.18um CMOS 표준공정을 이용하여 설계하였으며 SPICE 시뮬레이션을 통해 타당성을 입증하였다.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.213-222
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• 2009

배타적 최근접 쌍 검색 방법은 가까이 있는 승객과 택시 간에 쌍을 맺어주는 것과 같은 실 생활 응용 분야에 유용하게 쓰일 수 있으나, 그 중요성에 비해 많은 연구가 진행되지 않았다. 두 이동 객체가 배타적으로 최근접 쌍이 되기 위해서는 객체는 반드시 하나의 결과 쌍에 속해야 한다. 하지만, 이동 객체는 위치가 빈번하게 변하기 때문에 초기의 배타적 최근접 쌍 결과를 모니터링 해 줄 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서는 도로 네트워크를 기반으로 k 개의 배타적 최근접 쌍을 구하고 그 결과를 모니터링 하기 위한 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 모든 객체에 대해 배타적 최근접 쌍 검색을 재수행하지 않고, 결과가 갱신되는 범위를 제한하여 부분적인 재수행을 함으로써 모니터링 수행 시간을 줄였다. 다양한 실제 도로 네트워크를 이용한 실험들을 통해 본 논문에서 제안하는 모니터링 방법의 성능을 측정하였다. 실험 결과는 본 논문에서 제안하는 모니터링 방법의 정확도가 일반적인 일괄처리 방법들에 비해 뛰어남을 보인다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.3299-3304
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• 2013

Background: The Global Adult Tobacco Survey has 15 key indicators, cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) among daily smokers being one of them. The first wave of GATS in 14 countries indicated that mean CPD use is higher in women than men in India only, which is contrary to the current understanding of tobacco use globally. This study was undertaken to understand the unusual findings for mean CPD use in the GATS-India survey. Materials and Methods: Items B06a and B06b of the GATS India survey questionnaire that collected information on daily consumption of manufactured and rolled cigarettes were analyzed using SPSS software. Exclusive users were identified from these items after excluding the concurrent users of other tobacco products. Cigarette type, exclusive use and gender stratified analyses were made. Consumption of different types of cigarettes among the mixed users of manufactured and rolled cigarettes were correlated. Results: Higher mean number of CPD use among male daily-smokers was observed than their female counterparts in product specific analysis. Mean CPD as per GATS cigarette definition was higher in males than females for exclusive users but a reverse trend was observed in case of non-exclusive users. Use of manufactured cigarettes increased with increase in use of rolled cigarette among the mixed users and around half of these users reported equal CPD frequency for the both types of cigarettes. Conclusions: The anomaly in mean CPD estimate in GATS-India data was due to inclusion of two heterogeneous products to define cigarettes, variation in cigarette product specific user proportions contributing to the average and non-exclusive concurrent use of other tobacco products. The consumption pattern of cigarettes among the mixed users highlights bias in CPD reporting. Definition, analysis and interpretation of 'cigarettes per day' in the GATS India survey need to be improved by redefining cigarettes and making product specific analyses.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.2787-2793
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• 2016

Background: Urinary bladder cancer is a common malignancy in the West and ranks as the $7^{th}$ most common cancer in our region of Kashmir, India. FGFR3 mutations are frequent in superficial urothelial carcinoma (UC) differing from the RAS gene mutational pattern. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency and association of FGFR3 and RAS gene mutations in UC cases. Materials and Methods: Paired tumor and adjacent normal tissue specimens of 65 consecutive UC patients were examined. DNA preparations were evaluated for the occurrence of FGFR3 and RAS gene mutations by PCR-SCCP and DNA sequencing. Results: Somatic point mutations of FGFR3 were identified in 32.3% (21 of 65). The pattern and distribution were significantly associated with low grade/stage (p<0.05). The overall mutations in exon 1 and 2 in all the forms of RAS genes aggregated to 21.5% and showed no association with any clinic-pathological parameters. In total, 53.8% (35 of 65) of the tumors studied had mutations in either a RAS or FGFR3 gene, but these were totally mutually exclusive in and none of the samples showed both the mutational events in mutually exclusive RAS and FGFR3. Conclusions: We conclude that RAS and FGFR3 mutations in UC are mutually exclusive and non-overlapping events which reflect activation of oncogenic pathways through different elements.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.278-285
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effect of a newborn care education program using ubiquitous learning (UL-NCEP) on exclusive breastfeeding and maternal role confidence of first-time mothers in Vietnam. Methods: This quasi-experimental study with a nonequivalent control group design was conducted at a university hospital in Hue city, Vietnam, between June and July 2018. Eligible first-time mothers were conveniently allocated to the experimental (n=27) and the control group (n=25). Mothers in the control group received only routine care, whereas mothers in the experimental group received UL-NCEP through tablet personal computers in addition to routine care in the hospital. Then, the educational content was provided to mothers by their smartphone for reviewing at home. UL-NCEP was developed based on the World Health Organization's "Essential Newborn Care Course" guidelines. The exclusive breastfeeding rate and maternal role confidence level after birth and at 4 weeks postpartum were assessed in both groups to assess the effect of UL-NCEP. Results: At 4 weeks postpartum, the experimental group showed a significantly higher level than the control, for exclusive breastfeeding rate (p<.05) as well as mean maternal role confidence (p<.05). Conclusion: UL-NCEP was a feasible and effective intervention in increasing first-time Vietnamese mothers' exclusive breastfeeding rate and maternal role confidence level. This program may be integrated into routine care for postpartum mothers to promote mother and infant health among first-time mothers in Vietnam.