• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2017

Based on a simultaneous-equation model consisting of aggregate demand and short-run aggregate supply, this paper estimates a reduced-form equation specifying that the equilibrium real GDP is a function of the real effective exchange rate, the government deficit as a percent of GDP, the real interest rate, foreign income, labor productivity, the real oil price, the expected inflation rate, and the interactive and intercept binary variables accounting for a potential change in the slope of the real effective exchange rate and shift in the intercept. Applying the exponential GARCH technique, it finds that aggregate output in Australia has a positive relationship with the real effective exchange rate during 2003.Q3 - 2013.Q2, the government deficit as a percent of GDP, U.S. real GDP, labor productivity and the real oil price and a negative relationship with the real effective exchange rate during 2013.Q3 - 2016.Q1, the real lending rate and the expected inflation rate. These results suggest that real appreciation was expansionary before 2013.Q3 whereas real depreciation was expansionary after 2013.Q2 and that more government deficit as a percent of GDP would be helpful to stimulate the economy. Hence, the impact of real appreciation or real depreciation on real GDP may change overtime.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.3-38
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• 2015

Fama's (1984) volatility relations show that the risk premium in foreign exchange markets is more volatile than, and is negatively correlated with the expected rate of depreciation. This paper studies these relations from the perspective of goods markets frictions. Using a sticky-price general equilibrium model, we show that near-random walk behaviors of both exchange rates and consumption, in response to monetary shocks, can be derived endogenously. Based on this approach, the paper provides quantitative results on Fama's volatility relations.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.67-81
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 보건의료산업 주식 시장에 대해 거시경제변수에 대한 요인이 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 첫째, 의약품지수는 국공채금리와 환율을 원인변수로 하며 콜금리변수와는 상호영향 관계를 가진다. 즉 금리와 환율의 변화는 의약품산업에 영향을 미치는 변수로서 주의해야 한다는 것이다. 둘째, 의료기기지수는 콜금리, 국공채금리, 환율에 대해 상호 원인변수로 작용하며 경상수지변수를 원인변수로 한다. 즉 의료기기산업에 대해 금리와 환율 그리고 경상수지의 변화가 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 것이다. 셋째, 의약품 지수에 영향을 미치는 변수의 관계를 추가적으로 분석하면 콜금리와 환율은 음(-)의 관계이며 국공채금리와는 양(+)의 관계를 가진다. 의료기기 지수에 영향을 미치는 변수의 관계를 분석하면 환율과는 음(-)의 관계이며 국공채금리와는 양(+)의 관계를 가진다.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2009

환율 결정 모형의 근간이 되는 이론으로 널리 알려져 온 화폐모형은 두 국가 간의 환율이 각국의 통화량과 소득 수준에 의해 결정된다고 설명하고 있다. 그러나 이 이론이 성립하려면 이 모형에 내포된 변수 간에 공적분이 성립해야 하는데, Rapach and Wohar(2002)의 논문은 10개 국가의 자료 중 대 여섯개의 자료에만 (선형) 공적분이 존재한다는 결과를 제시하였다. 본 논문은 그들이 사용한 100년간에 걸친 자료를 사용하되, 환율 결정과정에서 발생할 수 있는 비대칭적 조정과정을 감안하여 비선형 공적분이 성립하는가를 검증하였다. 또한 독립변수가 불안정적이 아닐 경우에는 공적분 관계를 설정하기 곤란하다는 이유로 누락시키는 경우가 많은데 본 논문에서 사용되는 방법론에서는 그러한 문제가 제기되지 않는다. 본 논문에서는 선형 공적분 검정 결과에 비해 더 많은 경우에 있어서 비선형 공적분 관계가 있다는 검정 결과가 산출되었다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2019

본 연구는 단기금리, 환율 및 국제유가가 국제곡물가격에 미치는 영향을 EGARCH-GED 모형을 이용하여 분석하였다. 국제곡물가격의 자체 이전 수익률 중 1개월 이전의 수익률은 대부분의 기간에서 국제곡물가격에 유의한 양의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 전체분석기간에서는 환율만이 국제곡물가격에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 환율상승기간에서는 경제변수 중 어느 것도 유의한 영향을 미치는 않는 것으로 나타난 반면, 환율하락기간에서는 유가만이 유의한 양의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 금융위기 이전의 기간에서는 금리, 환율, 유가가 모두 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았으나, 금융위기 이후의 기간에서는 유가만 국제곡물가격에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 결국 국제곡물가격에 영향을 미치는 요인은 시간의 경과에 따라 변화되고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 1th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.459-468
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• 2005

International contractors must consider the substantial risks related to unexpected foreign exchange fluctuation incurred by conducting their business and using foreign currencies in foreign countries. Most international contractors attempt to minimize foreign exchange exposure within a manageable range because it may influence the company's fundamental financial structure, reduce market value or profit margins, or disrupt ongoing and future projects. This research provides a qualitative study of existing foreign exchange exposure (transaction, operation, and translation exposure) and current & effective foreign exchange risk management in American and Korean international contractors, as they represent both new and long-time members of the global construction market. Finally, recommendations of techniques for new and existing international contractors to minimize and better manage foreign exchange risk will be offered.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.110-126
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• 2019

Purpose - This paper examines the recently realized continuous volatility and discrete jumps of US Dollar/Euro returns using the frequency of five minute returns spanning the period from February 2010 through February 2018with periodicity filters. Design/Methodology - This paper adopts the nonparametric estimation. The realized volatility and Realized Outlying Weighted variations show non-Gaussian, fat-tailed, and leptokurtic distributions. Some significant volatility jumps in returns occurred from 2010 through 2018, and the very exceptionally large and irregular jumps occurred around 2010-2011, after the EU financial crisis, and 2015-2016. The outliers occurred somewhat frequently around the years of 2015 and 2016. Originality/value - When we include periodicity filters of volatility such as MAD, Short Half Scale, and WSD, the five minute returns of US Dollar/Euro exchange rates have smaller daily jump probabilities by 20-30% than when we do not include the periodicity filters of volatility. Thus, when we consider the periodicity filters of volatility such as MAD, Short Half Scale, and WSD, the five minute returns of US Dollar/Euro have considerably smaller jump probabilities.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

This paper has studied the impacts of the exchange rate, government debt as a percent of GDP and other relevant macroeconomic variables on aggregate output in the Philippines. A simultaneous-equation model consisting of aggregate demand and short-run aggregate supply is applied. The dummy variable technique is employed to detect whether the slope and intercept of the real effective exchange rate may have changed. Real depreciation during 1998.Q1 - 2006.Q3, real appreciation during 2006.Q4 - 2016.Q1, a lower domestic debt as a percent of GDP, a lower real interest rate, a higher stock price or a higher lagged real oil price would raise aggregate output. Recent trends of real peso appreciation, declining domestic debt as a percent of GDP, lower real interest rates, and rising stock prices are in line with the empirical results and would promote economic growth. The authorities may need to continue to pursue fiscal prudence and maintain a stronger peso as the positive effect of real appreciation dominates its negative effect in recent years.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.629-636
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• 2020

This study aims to identify and analyze the factors that affect foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia. We consider the variables of external debt, exchange rate, inflation, and exports as explanatory factors referring to previous studies. We apply the Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach to time-series data retrieved from the Central Bank of Indonesia (BI), the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), and International Monetary Funds (IMF) from January 2016 to December 2018. Our results show that foreign debt, exchange rates, inflation, and exports significantly affect the simultaneous fluctuation of foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia. Partially, foreign debt has a significant and positive effect on foreign exchange reserves. The exchange rate has a significant and negative effect on foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia. However, our findings explain that inflation does not significantly affect foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia, and exports have a significant and positive effect on foreign exchange reserves. This study is expected to be useful to policymakers in managing foreign exchange reserves, so the economy of Indonesia can grow sustainably. One of the exciting things in this study lies in the model that uses the Autoregressive Distributed Log, which can explain long-term relationships through adjusted coefficient and cointegration tests.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.469-491
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• 2016

In this paper, we estimate the exchange rate exposure, indicating the effect of exchange rate movements on firm values, for a sample of 1,400 firms in seven East Asian countries. The exposure estimates based on various exchange rate variables, return horizons and a control variable are compared. A key result from our analysis is that the long term effect of exchange rate movements on firm values is greater than the short term effect. And we find very similar results from using other exchange rate variables such as the U.S. dollar exchange rate, etc. Second, we add exchange rate volatility as a control variable and find that the extent of exposure is not much changed. Third, we examine the changes in exposure to exchange rate volatility with an increase in return horizon. Consequently the ratio of firms with significant exposures increases with the return horizons. Interestingly, the increase of exposure with the return horizons is faster for exposure to volatility than for exposure to exchange rate itself. Taken as a whole, our findings suggest that the socalled "exposure puzzle" may be a matter of the methodology used to measure exposure.